Infiltration and soil water mixing on forested and harvested slopes during spring snowmelt, Turkey Lakes Watershed, central Ontario

2005 ◽  
Vol 306 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 1-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.D. Murray ◽  
J.M. Buttle
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Mixing ◽  
Turkey Lakes Watershed ◽  
Spring Snowmelt

Runoff generation processes in permafrost-influenced area of the Heihe River Headwater

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fan Zhang ◽  
Xiong Xiao ◽  
Guanxing Wang
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Stream Water ◽  
Hydrological Regime ◽  
Summer Rainfall ◽  
Frozen Soil ◽  
Heihe River ◽  
The Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Permafrost Degradation ◽  
Runoff Generation ◽  
Spring Snowmelt

<p>Permafrost degradation under global warming may change the hydrological regime of the headwater catchments in alpine area such as the Tibetan Plateau (TP). In this study, he runoff generation processes in permafrost-influenced area of the Heihe River Headwater were investigated with the following results: 1) The observed stable isotope values of various water types on average was roughly in the order of snowfall and snowmelt < bulk soil water (BSW) < rainfall , stream water, mobile soil water (MSW) , and lateral subsurface flow. The depleted spring snowmelt and enriched summer rainfall formed tightly bound soil water and MSW, respectively. The dynamic mixing between tightly bound soil water and MSW resuted in BSW with more depleted and variable stable isotopic feature than MSW. 2) Along with the thawing of the frozen soil, surface runoff and shallowsubsurface flow (SSF) at 30−60 cm was the major flow pathway in the permafrost influenced alpine meadow hillslope during spring snowmelt and summer rainfall period, reapectively, with the frozen soil maintaining supra-permafrost water level. 3) Comparison between two neighouring catchments under similar precipitation conditions indicated that streamflow of the lower catchment with less permafrost proportion and earlier thawing time has larger SSF and higher based flow component, indicating the potential changes of hydrological regims subject to future warming.</p>

Solution concentrations of nutrient ions below the rooting zone of a sugar maple stand: relations to soil moisture, temperature, and season

1993 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 617-624 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiwei Yin ◽  
Neil W. Foster ◽  
Paul A. Arp
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Soil Solution ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Solution Chemistry ◽  
Rooting Zone ◽  
Temperature Solution ◽  
Turkey Lakes Watershed

Temporal variations of ion concentrations in soil solution were analyzed in relation to soil percolate volume, soil water content, soil temperature, solution chemistry, and season. The study site was an uneven-aged, mature northern tolerant hardwoods dominated by sugar maple (Acersaccharum Marsh.) within the Turkey Lakes Watershed, Ontario. Six ions were investigated: nitrate (NO3−), sulfate (SO42−), calcium (Ca2+), magnesium (Mg2+), potassium (K+), and ammonium (NH4+). Nitrate concentrations in the soil solution depended on season during the nonfoliage period and responded directly to forest floor percolation, soil water content, and season during the foliage period. Variations of SO42−, Ca2+, and Mg2+ concentrations were mostly attributable to NO3− concentration, and to season to a lesser extent. Concentrations of K+ and NH4+ correlated only weakly to any of the "independent" variables included in the analysis, reflecting a high affinity between these ions and the soil colloids.

Mechanisms of soil matrix water replenishment in a sub-arctic till soil based on an isotope tracer experiment

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filip Muhic ◽  
Pertti Ala-Aho ◽  
Matthias Sprenger ◽  
Hannu Marttila ◽  
Björn Klöve
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Field Data ◽  
Transport Processes ◽  
Average Intensity ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Soil Matrix ◽  
Water Mixing ◽  
Geophysical Surveys ◽  
Arctic Conditions

<p>Due to changes in the snowmelt timing and the potential shift towards less snowfall and more rainfall, infiltration patterns into the soil will increasingly be altered in a warming climate. Mixing and transport processes of water in the unsaturated topsoil layer regulate the subsurface transport and retention of solutes and contaminants, as well as the distribution of plant available water. Recent advances in soil isotope ecohydrology indicate that in some ecosystems, water in macropores largely bypasses soil matrix and rapidly percolates into the groundwater. Here we combine tracer experiments and geophysical surveys to explore soil water mixing in non-stratified till soil in the Pallas catchment located in sub-arctic conditions in Finnish Lapland. A 5x20 m plot at the Kenttärova hilltop was sprinkled with deuterated water (d<sup>2</sup>H 88‰) for two days (totally 200 mm at average intensity of 6.7 mm/h), until surface water ponding was observed on substantial share of the plot. Soil moisture dynamic were monitored by a network of soil moisture sensors and manual soil probe measurements. Soil water was sampled hourly with suction cup lysimeters at three (5 cm, 30 cm, 60 cm) depths and pan lysimeter at 35 cm depth in two soil profiles on the irrigation plot. Groundwater was sampled hourly, while xylem samples from spruce and birch trees in the plot were collected on each day of the experiment and on a weekly basis during the following month. Ground penetrating radar (GPR) survey and soil coring with window sampler down to 1 m depth were completed four times over the course of the experiment, and additional set of soil cores were taken two weeks after the experiment to inspect how natural precipitation events have infiltrated into the deuterium enriched zone. We investigate the mechanisms of soil matrix water replenishment by answering the following questions: i) Can all soil matrix water be displaced during high volume events and when does newly introduced soil matrix water become available to the plants?; ii) What is the extent of soil water mixing at different depths?; and iii) What is the effect of increased moisture content and groundwater table rise on soil water mixing? Due to paucity of field data sets and inability of most hydrological models to accurately simulate soil freezing and thawing effects, ecohydrologic partitioning has been barely studied in Northern regions with seasonal snow cover. We present a novel field data set that focuses on soil matrix water replenishment in glaciated till soil at sub-arctic conditions. Results support our understanding of ecohydrological processes in northern environments where hydrological cycle is dominated by intense infiltration events as it occurs during snowmelt.</p>

Heterogeneity in soil nitrogen within first-order forested catchments at the Turkey Lakes Watershed

2005 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 797-805 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil Foster ◽  
John Spoelstra ◽  
Paul Hazlett ◽  
Sherry Schiff ◽  
Frederick Beall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Organic N ◽  
Net N Mineralization ◽  
Forested Catchments ◽  
N Dynamics ◽  
Turkey Lakes Watershed ◽  
Topographic Positions ◽  
Lower Slope ◽  
Isotopic Effects

Topographic positional regulation of nitrogen (N) dynamics in soil within Canadian Shield headwaters, located in calibrated catchments containing mature, tolerant hardwood forest, was examined to determine how N pools, mineralization, nitrification, and leaching in soil relate to N export in drainage waters. A uniformly high net N mineralization and nitrification potential for surficial soil layers rich in organic N was demonstrated for ridge, upper-middle slope, and lower slope – footslope topographic positions. Results from plot-scale studies revealed that NO3– concentrations in soil water from well-drained soils were very highly variable throughout the catchments, ranging from 25 to 175 µmol·L–1, with a median of 80 µmol·L–1. The isotopic effects of denitrification were not detected in soil water collected from lower slope – footslopes, and in situ rates of N2O production from soils on lower slope – footslopes and valley bottoms were very low and highly variable. Higher N exports from soils than from streams were not explained by differences in soil water N with topographic position or denitrification in lower landscape topographic positions. Using an average soil water N value, based on the replicated plots within catchments, did not reduce the calculated substantial differences in N export between soils and streams.

Impact of soil water deficits in a mature sugar maple forest: stand biogeochemistry

1992 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 1753-1760 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.W. Foster ◽  
I.K. Morrison ◽  
Xiwei Yin ◽  
P.A. Arp
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Limited Capacity ◽  
Growth Indices ◽  
Water Deficits ◽  
Cation Leaching ◽  
The Past ◽  
Turkey Lakes Watershed ◽  
Water Contents ◽  
Volumetric Soil Water

Computer simulations of moisture relationships in an uneven-aged, tolerant hardwood forest at the Turkey Lakes Watershed suggest that soil water deficits during 1982–1983 and 1988–1989 were among the most severe of the past 40 years. Examination of radial growth indices for sugar maple (Acersaccharum Marsh.) trees suggested that reductions in growth coincided with low volumetric soil water contents and with low NO3− concentrations in soil solution. The lowest mean monthly NO3− concentrations in soil percolate were observed during severe summer droughts. Nitrate concentrations were negatively correlated (r2 = −0.803) with SO42− levels in solution and positively correlated (r2 = 0.761) with Ca2+ levels. Nitrification, by stimulating adsorption of SO42− by the soil, may lead to temporary retention of atmospheric SO42− in soils that otherwise exhibit only limited capacity to retain SO42−. If warmer, drier summers become more frequent, nitrogen cycling will become more closed as the supply of nitrogen to the vegetation and leaching of nitrogen from the soil are reduced. Sulfate-moderated leaching from the soil, however, will increase; hence, net cation leaching is unlikely to change in response to drier summers.

SOIL WATER PROP. DERIVED DATA (FIFE)

1994 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. F. HUEMMRICH ◽  
P. J. SELLERS
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Derived Data
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