Seasonal dynamics and effects of nitrogen supply rate on nitrogen and carbohydrate reserves in cutting-derived Salix viminalis plants

1999 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars Bollmark ◽  
Lisa Sennerby-Forsse ◽  
Tom Ericsson
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Dynamics ◽  
Growth Cycle ◽  
Salix Viminalis ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Pioneer Species ◽  
Carbohydrate Reserves ◽  
N Protein ◽  
Perennial Plant ◽  
Plant Parts

Nutrient storage is an important aspect of resprouting potential and production of Salix viminalis L., a pioneer species used for biomass production in Sweden. Seasonal dynamics of nitrogen (N), protein, soluble carbohydrates, starch, and lipids were studied in roots, cuttings, stems, and leaves during a full growth cycle induced by varying photoperiod and temperature in a growth chamber. Nitrogen was supplied at two rates. Both season and N availability significantly affected storage of N and carbohydrates. Reserves peaked in dormancy, and plants grown at a higher N availability were able to build up larger N reserves, whereas carbohydrate reserves were similar in the two N treatments. All perennial plant organs functioned as storage sites for N. Roots were prominent in carbohydrate storage, in good agreement with the notion of a pioneer species adapted to recurring disturbance by a pronounced resprouting capacity. Roots differed from aboveground plant parts in their exceptionally high starch levels, and in that N storage in roots to a greater extent involved nonprotein compounds. Triglycerides contributed to carbon storage in aerial plant parts but not in roots. Our results suggest that an increased N supply enhance both the accumulation of nutrient reserves and early season growth.

scholarly journals Postproduction Carbohydrate Levels in Pot Chrysanthemums

1991 ◽  
Vol 116 (6) ◽  
pp. 1013-1018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan E. Trusty ◽  
William B. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Reducing Sugars ◽  
Sucrose Concentration ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Color Changes ◽  
Carbohydrate Levels ◽  
Reserve Carbohydrate

Postproduction changes in carbohydrate types and quantities in the leaves, stems, and inflorescences of pot chyrsanthemums [Dendranthema × gramfiflorum (Ramat.) Kitamura `Favor'] placed in interior conditions were investigated. Fructans, sucrose, glucose, and fructose were present in all plant parts. In inflorescences and leaves, an additional unidentified substance was present. All plant parts decreased in dry weight during the postproduction evaluation. This decrease was accompanied by overall reductions in total soluble carbohydrates (TSC) and starch. The appearance of leaves and stems was acceptable throughout the experiment. Leaves lost significant amounts of TSC during the first 4 days postproduction (DPP), due primarily to a 76% decrease in sucrose concentration. After 4 DPP, leaf and stem TSC remained relatively unchanged. In inflorescences, petal expansion continued through 12 DPP. Visible signs of senescence, including loss of turgor, color changes, and inrolling of petal edges were observed at 20 DPP, and by 28 DPP, the plants were determined unacceptable for consumer use. Inflorescences increased in fresh weight, but not dry weight, during petal expansion, then each decreased. Inflorescence TSC fell from 146 mg.g-1 dry weight at O DPP to 11 mg.g-1 at 28 DPP. Reducing sugars accounted for 84% of the inflorescence TSC at 4 DPP, dropping to 48% at 28 DPP. Fructan concentration decreased through 16 DPP and then remained unchanged, while starch levels rose from 25 to 34 mg·g -1 dry weight through 12 DPP, then decreased. Fractans decreased in polymerization during petal expansion. This result suggests an alternate use of fructans and starch as pools of available reserve carbohydrate during petal expansion in chrysanthemum.

scholarly journals Seasonal Dynamics of Epiphytic Microbial Communities on Marine Macrophyte Surfaces

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marino Korlević ◽  
Marsej Markovski ◽  
Zihao Zhao ◽  
Gerhard J. Herndl ◽  
Mirjana Najdek
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Seasonal Dynamics ◽  
Microbial Community Composition ◽  
Growth Cycle ◽  
High Rank ◽  
Ambient Water ◽  
Phylogenetic Groups ◽  
Marine Macrophytes ◽  
Macrophyte Growth ◽  
Epiphytic Communities

Surfaces of marine macrophytes are inhabited by diverse microbial communities. Most studies focusing on epiphytic communities of macrophytes did not take into account temporal changes or applied low sampling frequency approaches. The seasonal dynamics of epiphytic microbial communities was determined in a meadow of Cymodocea nodosa invaded by Caulerpa cylindracea and in a monospecific settlement of C. cylindracea at monthly intervals. For comparison the ambient prokaryotic picoplankton community was also characterized. At the OTU level, the microbial community composition differed between the ambient water and the epiphytic communities exhibiting host-specificity. Also, successional changes were observed connected to the macrophyte growth cycle. Taxonomic analysis, however, showed similar high rank taxa (phyla and classes) in the ambient water and the epiphytic communities, with the exception of Desulfobacterota, which were only found on C. cylindracea. Cyanobacteria showed seasonal changes while other high rank taxa were present throughout the year. In months of high Cyanobacteria presence the majority of cyanobacterial sequences were classified as Pleurocapsa. Phylogenetic groups present throughout the year (e.g., Saprospiraceae, Rhodobacteraceae, members without known relatives within Gammaproteobacteria, Desulfatitalea, and members without known relatives within Desulfocapsaceae) constituted most of the sequences, while less abundant taxa showed seasonal patterns connected to the macrophyte growth cycle. Taken together, epiphytic microbial communities of the seagrass C. nodosa and the macroalga C. cylindracea appear to be host-specific and contain taxa that undergo successional changes.

Seasonal dynamics of soluble carbohydrates in rhizomes of Phragmites australis and Typha latifolia

Flora ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 206 (8) ◽  
pp. 731-735 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nihat Tursun ◽  
Mehvail Seyithanoglu ◽  
Feyzullah Nezihi Uygur ◽  
Ibrahim Ozer Elibuyuk ◽  
Emine Arzu Elibuyuk
Keyword(s):  
Phragmites Australis ◽  
Seasonal Dynamics ◽  
Typha Latifolia ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates

scholarly journals Multi-Elemental Analysis of Crepis Sahendi Boiss Grown in Iraqi Kurdistan Region Using ICP-OES/ICP-MS Techniques

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 210
Author(s):  
Peshawa Shafiq Osw ◽  
Pshtiwan Adel Masum
Keyword(s):  
Kurdistan Region ◽  
Icp Oes ◽  
Toxic Heavy Metals ◽  
Perennial Plant ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Iraqi Kurdistan ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
Five Elements ◽  
Toxic Concentrations ◽  
Toxic Ratio

Crepis sahendi Boiss is perennial plant growing in Iraqi Kurdistan region. Traditionally, it is used for the treatment of abdominal ache. The objective of this study is to evaluate the element contents of root, stem, leaf and flower of C. sahendi, which were determined using microwave assisted digestion followed by ICP-OES/ICP-MS techniques. Sixty-five elements were analyzed from the studied plant parts. Element concentrations of Pt, Pd and Re have not been detected in any parts of the studied plant. Some elements were present only in specific parts, such as; Ta, Ti, U, Ho, Lu, Tm, Yb W, In and Te. The rest of the elements were detected in all parts of C. sahendi in different concentrations. Lead and Arsenic reach the toxic concentrations in flower with 45.9 ppm and 25.6 ppm respectively. Chromium was also showed in a toxic ratio within root, leaf and flower with 8.04 ppm, 7.43 ppm and 3.47 ppm respectively. The determination of metals as toxic ratio was depended on the WHO references. The presence of these toxic heavy metals in such a ratio in the selected parts of C. sahendi make us believe that this traditional plant is not safe to be used by consumers in the sampling area.

scholarly journals Infradian rhythms of daily shoot increment in Salix viminalis (salicaceae) clones

2021 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 12-22
Author(s):  
Alexey A. Afonin
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Dynamics ◽  
Harmonic Oscillation ◽  
Salix Viminalis ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Daily Growth ◽  
Infradian Rhythms ◽  
Infradian Biorhythms ◽  
One Year ◽  
Nonlinear Components ◽  
Analysis Of Time Series

Abstract. The structure of seasonal dynamics of daily growth of shoots of basket willow (Salix viminalis) is described and analyzed. Object: model inbred-clone population of S. viminalis. Material: developing shoots on annual saplings from cuttings. Methods: comparative morphological, chronobiological, numerical analysis of time series. The formation of dimorphic root systems of one-year saplings from cuttings is described. It is established that the seasonal dynamics of daily increment of shoots is determined by the interaction of linear and nonlinear components. Linear components are approximated by regression equations, and nonlinear components are approximated by harmonic oscillation equations. The rhythmicity of seasonal dynamics of shoot growth is described. Four groups of biorhythms were identified: annual with a period of about 96 days, subannual with a period of 4064 days, and infradian with a period of 1924 days and infradian with a period of 1016 days. The alternation of peaks and dips in the seasonal dynamics of shoot increment is determined by infradian biorhythms with a period of 19...24 days. Infradian biorhythms with different periods are synchronized with each other. The probable reason is the existence of a pulse synchronizer of biorhythms. Interclonal differences in the seasonal dynamics of the daily growth of shoots were not revealed. The probable cause of intraclonal differences is the ontogenetic heterogeneity of vegetative buds, from which annual shoots have developed. To verify this hypothesis, we plan to observe the development of seedlings grown from cuttings harvested from different parts of the uterine shoots. The results obtained are recommended to be taken into account when planning agroforestry measures for crop of S. viminalis.

scholarly journals Dry Matter Allocation and Loss in Jerusalem Artichoke (Helanthus tuberosus, L.) during Growth and Field Storage

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 503A-503
Author(s):  
Wayne J. McLaurin ◽  
Stanley J. Kays
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Jerusalem Artichoke ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growth Cycle ◽  
Straight Chain ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Period 2 ◽  
Storage Organs ◽  
Total Dry Weight ◽  
Fibrous Roots

Jerusalem artichokes are one of a small number of crops that store carbon predominately in the form of inulin, a straight chain fructosan. There has been a tremendous increase in interest in inulin due to its dietary health benefits for humans and calorie replacement potential in processed foods. We measured the allocation of dry matter within the crop (cv. Sunckoke) during an entire growth cycle by harvesting plants over a 40-week period (2-week intervals) from initial planting through field storage. Plant characters assessed were: no. of basal stems, leaves, branches, flowers, and tubers; the dry weight of leaves, branches, flowers, tubers, and fibrous roots; and date of flowering. Total dry weight of above-ground plant parts increased until 18 weeks after planting (22 Aug.) and then progressively decreased thereafter. Tuber dry weight began to increase rapidly ≈4 weeks (19 Sept.) after the peak in above-ground dry weight, suggesting that dry matter within the aerial portion of the plant was being recycled into the storage organs. Tuber dry weight continued to increase during the latter part of the growing season, even after the first frost. Final tuber yield was 13.6 MT of dry matter/ha.

scholarly journals Physiological responses of NaCl stressed cowpea plants grown in nutrient solution supplemented with CaCl2

2003 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Vieira Silva ◽  
Claudivan Feitosa de Lacerda ◽  
Paulo Henrique Alves da Costa ◽  
Joaquim Enéas Filho ◽  
Enéas Gomes Filho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Amino Nitrogen ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Nacl Stress ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Plant Water ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Stress Effects

Pitiuba cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) plants were grown in nutrient solution and kept in a greenhouse up to pre-flowering stage. They were subjected to four different treatments: nutrient solution; nutrient solution containing 75 mmol.L-1 NaCl; nutrient solution containing 75 mmol.L-1 NaCl and 5 mmol.L-1 CaCl2; and nutrient solution containing 75 mmol.L-1 NaCl and 10 mmol.L-1 CaCl2. Salt stress strongly inhibited plant growth, caused a disturbance in plant-water balance, and increased the total content of inorganic solutes in the different plant parts, due mainly to accumulation of Na+ and Cl-. It also increased leaf and root soluble carbohydrates, reduced soluble amino nitrogen both in root tips and in the youngest trifoliate leaves, and reduced proline levels in root tips. Although the addition of CaCl2 to the root environment of salt stressed plants caused a reduction in Na+ content, specially in roots, it did not ameliorate the salt stress effects on plant-water relations and growth. Therefore, the results obtained do not support the hypothesis that supplemental calcium would ameliorate the inhibitory effects of NaCl-stress.

scholarly journals Seasonal variation of soluble carbohydrates and starch in Echinolaena inflexa, a native grass species from the Brazilian savanna, and in the invasive grass Melinis minutiflora

2010 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 395-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Souza ◽  
CZ. Sandrin ◽  
MFA. Calió ◽  
ST. Meirelles ◽  
VR. Pivello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Production ◽  
Growth Cycle ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Brazilian Savanna ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Above Ground Biomass ◽  
Invasive Grass ◽  
Melinis Minutiflora ◽  
Ground Biomass

Echinolaena inflexa (Poir.) Chase is an abundant C3 grass species with high biomass production in the Brazilian savanna (cerrado); Melinis minutiflora Beauv. is an African C4 forage grass widespread in cerrado and probably displacing some native herbaceous species. In the present work, we analysed seasonally the content and composition of soluble carbohydrates, the starch amounts and the above-ground biomass (phytomass) of E. inflexa and M. minutiflora plants harvested in two transects at 5 and 130 m from the border in a restrict area of cerrado at the Biological Reserve and Experimental Station of Mogi-Guaçu (SP, Brazil). Results showed that water soluble carbohydrates and starch amounts from the shoots of both species varied according to the time of the year, whilst in the underground organs, variations were observed mainly in relation to the transects. Marked differences in the pattern of the above-ground biomass production between these two grasses relative to their location in the Reserve were also observed, with two peaks of the invasive species (July and January) at the Reserve border. The differences in carbohydrate accumulation, partitioning and composition of individual sugars concerning time of the year and location in the Reserve were more related to the annual growth cycle of both grasses and possibly to specific physiological responses of M. minutiflora to disturbed environments in the Reserve border.

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