scholarly journals Infradian rhythms of daily shoot increment in Salix viminalis (salicaceae) clones

2021 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 12-22
Author(s):  
Alexey A. Afonin
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Dynamics ◽  
Harmonic Oscillation ◽  
Salix Viminalis ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Daily Growth ◽  
Infradian Rhythms ◽  
Infradian Biorhythms ◽  
One Year ◽  
Nonlinear Components ◽  
Analysis Of Time Series

Abstract. The structure of seasonal dynamics of daily growth of shoots of basket willow (Salix viminalis) is described and analyzed. Object: model inbred-clone population of S. viminalis. Material: developing shoots on annual saplings from cuttings. Methods: comparative morphological, chronobiological, numerical analysis of time series. The formation of dimorphic root systems of one-year saplings from cuttings is described. It is established that the seasonal dynamics of daily increment of shoots is determined by the interaction of linear and nonlinear components. Linear components are approximated by regression equations, and nonlinear components are approximated by harmonic oscillation equations. The rhythmicity of seasonal dynamics of shoot growth is described. Four groups of biorhythms were identified: annual with a period of about 96 days, subannual with a period of 4064 days, and infradian with a period of 1924 days and infradian with a period of 1016 days. The alternation of peaks and dips in the seasonal dynamics of shoot increment is determined by infradian biorhythms with a period of 19...24 days. Infradian biorhythms with different periods are synchronized with each other. The probable reason is the existence of a pulse synchronizer of biorhythms. Interclonal differences in the seasonal dynamics of the daily growth of shoots were not revealed. The probable cause of intraclonal differences is the ontogenetic heterogeneity of vegetative buds, from which annual shoots have developed. To verify this hypothesis, we plan to observe the development of seedlings grown from cuttings harvested from different parts of the uterine shoots. The results obtained are recommended to be taken into account when planning agroforestry measures for crop of S. viminalis.

scholarly journals Infradian rhythms of increment dynamics of shoots in clones of almond willow (Salix triandra, Salicaceae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 205 (02) ◽  
pp. 2-11
Author(s):  
Aleksey Afonin
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Dynamics ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Daily Growth ◽  
Daily Increment ◽  
Nonlinear Components ◽  
Salix Triandra ◽  
And Control

Abstract. Purpose of research – harmonic analysis of the structure of seasonal dynamics of daily increment of shoots in almond willow (Salix triandra) clones. Research methodology and methods. Object is a model population created by cuttings of sibs-seedlings from the same family obtained by regular inbreeding over three generations. Material – growing long shoots. Experimental group: seven clones of one-year saplings from cuttings; 6-fold repetition. Control group – seedlings from the same family on their own roots of the fourth year of life. Methods: comparative morphological, chronobiological, numerical analysis of time series. Observations were made during the growing season of 2020. Results. The beginning of the growth of shoots – the end of the first decade of May. The maximum daily increase is in early summer (06.06…14.06). Further, the daily growth decreased unevenly until the end of August. Seasonal dynamics of daily increment is determined by the interaction of linear and nonlinear components. Linear components determine the seasonal trend of daily increment dynamics. They are approximated by the corresponding regression equations with different reliability. Nonlinear components determine the cyclical nature of the seasonal dynamics of daily increment. They are approximated by sums of harmonics with an oscillation period of 9–144 days with very high reliability. Scientific novelty. The cyclical nature of the seasonal dynamics of daily increment is determined by the interaction of biorhythms with different periods. Subannual biorhythms with a period of more than 48 days correct seasonal trends of daily increment. Infradian biorhythms with a period of 9...36 days determine the alternation of peaks and dips in the seasonal dynamics of daily increment. Biorhythms with a period of 29...36 days were synchronized in the experimental and control groups, but shifted in phase when comparing the experiment and control. Biorhythms with a period of 21...24 days are synchronized on all the researched shoots. Biorhythms with a period of 9…18 days are not synchronized, but their resulting fluctuations affect the dynamics of daily increment at the beginning and end of the growing season.

scholarly journals Polyvariance of Shoot Morphogenesis in Clones of Salix triandra (Salicaceae) Against the Background of the Periodicity of Rainstorms

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-32
Author(s):  
A. Afonin
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Dynamics ◽  
Growth Processes ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Daily Growth ◽  
Shoot Morphogenesis ◽  
The Third ◽  
Single Shoot ◽  
One Year ◽  
Salix Triandra ◽  
High Degree

The article substantiates the need to study the development of one-year saplings from cuttings of almond willow (Salix triandra). Purpose of research: identification and analysis of seasonal dynamics of daily growth of shoots in S. triandra clones against the background of excessive atmospheric moisture in the form of three showers in 2020. Material and methods. Research methods: selection, structural-morphological, chronobiological. Object of research: model inbred-clone one-year population of S. triandra. The number of clones is 7; the recurrence is 6-fold. Material: growing annual shoots on one-year saplings; each sapling was formed into a single shoot. Results. Under experimental conditions, the rooting capacity of cuttings was 100%. Dimorphic root systems were formed on the mother cuttings of the excavated seedlings. The annual growth of the strongest shoots was 175 ... 215 cm. The daily growth in shoots reached peak values by June 10: the average daily growth was 3.6 cm/day, the maximum — 4.4 ... 4.9 cm/day. After June 10, the daily growth rate decreased unevenly until the end of the growing season. Some shoots completed growth before the beginning of August, and some continued growth until the middle of August. The cyclical nature of the seasonal dynamics of daily growth in the form of three peaks separated by two dips is established. The third peak is formed after the third rainstorm. Discussion and conclusions. Cyclical seasonal dynamics of daily growth of shoots is characterized by a high degree of synchronization of growth processes. Probably, all the shoots are affected by some powerful pulse synchronizer of unknown nature. It is possible that periodic showers may have a modifying effect on the mechanisms that regulate growth processes. The temporal discreteness of shoot morphogenesis is due to the full or partial realization of the seasonal cycle of shoot development. The duration of growth is due to interclonal and intraclonal differences. Probably, the duration of morphogenesis is controlled by both genetic and epigenetic factors.

Seasonal Dynamics of Internode Length of Salix triandra L. (Salicaceae) Against the Background of Short-Term Atmospheric Drought

2021 ◽  
pp. 104-112
Author(s):  
Alexey A. Afonin
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Dynamics ◽  
Internode Length ◽  
Summer Drought ◽  
Sharp Change ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Endogenous Rhythms ◽  
Seasonal Trends ◽  
Rainy Weather ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Salix Triandra

Almond willow (Salix triandra L.) is a valuable basket species that is used to create plantings for various purposes. He occupies a special place in the system of the genus Salix. He can be used as a model object to identify patterns of morphogenesis of shoots. Object of research: model inbred population of almond willow in culture. Subject of research: seasonal dynamics of internode length on annual shoots of three-year-old seedlings willow of almond willow. The purpose of the research: to identify the seasonal dynamics of the length of internodes on annual shoots of almond willow against the background of a sharp change in early summer drought by cold rainy weather. Empirical methods for obtaining initial data: comparative-morphological. The obtained data were processed using the methods of analysis of dynamics series. It is found that seasonal trends in the dynamics of internode length are described by second-order regression equations with varying reliability. The configuration and topology of nonlinear seasonal trends are determined by individual differences between seedlings. The dynamics of deviations of internode length from seasonal trends correlates with the dynamics of hydrothermic conditions. Deviations in the length of internodes from seasonal trends are cyclical. The empirical series of deviations of the internode length from seasonal trends with high reliability are approximated by the sums of harmonic oscillations. The maximum contribution to the cyclical deviations of the internode length from seasonal trends is made by the rhythm with a period of fluctuations of 54 days. On most shoots, the influence of rhythms with a period of fluctuations of 36 and 27 days can be traced. Short-period rhythms detected on different shoots are irregular. In most observations, the specific rhythms of seasonal dynamics of internode length are determined by differences between shoots. The identified rhythms do not depend on hydrothermic conditions, on the length of shoots, on the length of internodes, or on seasonal trends in the dynamics of internode length. The hypothesis that the relationship between the dynamics of deviations in the length of internodes from seasonal trends and the dynamics of hydrothermic conditions is random is substantiated. Cyclicity deviations of internode length from seasonal trends are determined by endogenous rhythms of development.

scholarly journals Productivity and chemical composition of wood tissues of short rotation willow coppice cultivated on arable land

2011 ◽  
Vol 48 (No. 9) ◽  
pp. 413-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Szczukowski ◽  
J. Tworkowski ◽  
A. Klasa ◽  
M. Stolarski
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Field Trial ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
High Heat ◽  
Salix Viminalis ◽  
Short Rotation ◽  
Cutting Frequency ◽  
Heat Value ◽  
One Year

In the period 1996–1999 field trial was performed in Obory near Kwidzyn on heavy textured Fluvisols. The experiment was aimed to determine yield, chemical composition, heat value of wood of six genotypes of willow coppice in relation to cutting frequency and on determining the costs and profitability of willow production on arable land for purposes of energy generation. Yield of wood dry matter in one-year cutting cycle amounted to 14.09 t/ha/year 1 and significantly increased to 16.05 and 21.55 t/ha/year when harvesting was performed in two and three years cycle, respectively. The highest yield was found for Salix viminalis 082 form cut in three years cycle and it amounted to 26.44 t/ha/year 1. Stems of Salix sp. cut every three years showed the lowest water content (46.05%), high heat value 19.56 MJ/kg dry matter and the highest content of cellulose (55.94%), lignins (13.79%) and hemicelluloses (13.96%). High yielding potential of Salix sp. and high content of cellulose and lignin in wood make this crop very prosperous as a feedstock for bioenergy production. The highest profit from the willow plantation was obtained in case of harvest every three years at 578.76 EUR/ha/year.

scholarly journals Can Panel Data Methodologies Determine the Impact of Climate Change on Economic Growth?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard A. Rosen ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Economic Growth ◽  
Panel Data ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Annual Variations ◽  
Omitted Variable Bias ◽  
The World ◽  
Variable Bias ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Impact

Several major papers have been published over the last ten years claiming to have detected the impact of either annual variations in weather or climate change on the GDPs of most countries in the world using panel data-based statistical methodologies. These papers rely on various multivariate regression equations which include the annual average temperatures for most countries in the world as one or more of the independent variables, where the usual dependent variable is the change in annual GDP for each country from one year to the next year over 30-50 year time periods. Unfortunately, the quantitative estimates derived in these papers are misleading because the equations from which they are calculated are wrong. The major reason the resulting regression equations are wrong is because they do not include any of the appropriate and usual economic factors or variables which are likely to be able to explain changes in GDP/economic growth whether or not climate change has already impacted each country’s economy. These equations, in short, exhibit suffer from “omitted variable bias,” to use statistical terminology.

scholarly journals Post-Issue Operating Performance Of Nasdaq IPOs

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arvin Ghosh
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Operating Performance ◽  
Securities Markets ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Equity Issues ◽  
Closing Price ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Fair Sample ◽  
One Year ◽  
The U.S

In the ’90s bullish stock markets, it was the IPO which created the bubble of ‘excessive exuberance’, particularly in the technology-heavy NASDAQ market.  In our study we have taken a fair sample of NASDAQ IPOs issued during 1990-2000 in order to examine the post-issue operating performance of these IPOs.  We have found that during 1990-1995, the mean post-issue one-month return was 1.67%, the mean six-month return was 4.28%, and the mean one-year return was 5.23%, respectively.  This could be compared with the results for the 1996-2000 period when the mean one-month return was 3.29%, mean six-month return was 16.96%, and the mean one-year return was 19.97%, respectively.  As for the debt/asset and debt/equity ratios for the same two periods, the former was 11.98% and 15.23% for the two periods, and the latter ratio was 5.38% in 1990-1995 and 3.13% in 1996-2000.  This clearly shows that the NASDAQ bubble was mainly created by the equity issues, not by the issuance of debt securities.  Using the multiple regression equations, we also have found that only the first-day closing price was consistently and negatively associated with annual returns.  Obviously, the phenomenon of initial underpricing played a big role in determining the annual return of the NASDAQ IPOs during the last decade in the U.S. securities markets.

Toxic Megacolon of Ulcerative Colitis in Infancy

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 57 (6) ◽  
pp. 962-966
Author(s):  
Manouchehr Karjoo ◽  
Brian McCarthy
Keyword(s):  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Toxic Megacolon ◽  
White Male ◽  
Male Infant ◽  
Initial Study ◽  
Daily Growth ◽  
Toxic Dilatation ◽  
Medical Observation ◽  
One Year

A 12-week-old white male infant with ulcerative colitis and toxic megacolon is described. His diarrhea and rectal bleeding responded to prednisone. He subsequently developed toxic dilatation of the transverse colon while on salicylazosulfapyridine and one week after discontinuation of prednisone. His toxic megacolon disappeared during close medical observation, readministration of prednisone, and avoidance of repeated abdominal examinations. One year later sigmoidoscopy showed only friable mucosa and the barium enema showed the presence of ulcerative colitis but with improvement from the initial study. Currently he is taking 375 mg of salicylazosulfapyridine daily. Growth and development are normal and he is asymptomatic.

Seasonal dynamics of Bythonomus lemani and Bothrioneurum vejdovskyanum (Oligochaeta, Annelida) in relation to environmental variables

Biologia ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 61 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jana Schenková ◽  
Jan Helešic ◽  
Jiří Jarkovský
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Dynamics ◽  
Environmental Variables ◽  
Habitat Preferences ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Reproduction Cycle ◽  
Influence Of Water ◽  
One Year ◽  
First Time

AbstractThe seasonal dynamics of Bythonomus lemani (Lumbriculidae) were studied for the first time and the knowledge of Bothrioneurum vejdovskyanum (Tubificidae) was extended based on four quantitative samples of oligochaetes taken monthly in the Rokytná River (Czech Republic) during a two-year study (April 1999–April 2001). The influence of water temperature, velocity, depth, discharge, pH, conductivity, dissolved oxygen amount and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) on their life cycles was evaluated. Habitat preferences of the juvenile and adult stages were recorded. Time series analysis was used to determine the worm densities, seasonality and trends. For Byth. lemani one distinct reproduction cycle per year was found and this was regulated by temperature, while Both. vejdovskyanum showed a one-year cycle not significantly dependent on measured environmental variables. The overall trend was an increase in density for Byth. lemani and a decrease in density for Both. vejdovskyanum. Byth. lemani showed a significant negative correlation between the trend of its density and BOD concentration.

scholarly journals Seasonal Dynamics of Internodes Length of the Shoots of Salix dasyclados Wimm. (Salicaceae Mirb.) Against the Background of Early Summer Drought Stress

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (9) ◽  
pp. 18-36
Author(s):  
A. Afonin
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Seasonal Dynamics ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Internode Length ◽  
Summer Drought ◽  
Harmonic Oscillations ◽  
Rainy Weather ◽  
Infradian Biorhythms ◽  
Linear Trends

The article substantiates the need to study the influence of hydrothermic conditions on the linear growth of shoots of woolly-stemmed willow. Purpose of research: identification and analysis structure of seasonal dynamics of internodes length of the shoots of S. dasyclados against the background of short atmospheric drought. Object of research: model inbred-clone population of S. dasyclados. Material: growing and matured annual shoots on two-year-old roots. Research methods: empirical methods of experimental botany, computer technologies of data analysis. Results. Against the background of the change of the early summer drought by cool rainy weather, the annual growth of the strongest shoots was 1.3 ... 2.5 m. The average length of internodes on the shoot varied from 23 to 31 mm. Seasonal dynamics of internode length can be approximated by linear trends in the first approximation. The deviations of the internode length from linear trends are nonlinear and are approximated by the equations of harmonic oscillations with a period of 96 ... 192 days. The strength of the influence of these harmonics on the seasonal dynamics of deviations of the internode length from linear trends is 2 ... 54%. The cyclicity of seasonal dynamics of deviations of internode length from linear trends is established. The revealed cyclicity is determined by the interaction of endogenous subannual and infradian biorhythms. Subannual biorhythms are approximated by harmonic oscillations with a period of 48 (64) days. The contribution of these biorhythms to the overall cyclicity is 23 ... 76%. Multi-day, or infradian biorhythms are approximated by harmonic oscillations with a period of 19 … 24 (32) days. The contribution of these biorhythms to the overall cyclicity is 3 ... 35%. High-frequency oscillations with a period of 12 ... 16 days are disordered. Differences between series of seasonal dynamics of internode length are determined by differences between shoots of a single ramet, between different ramets, and between different clones. The influence of from early summer drought stress on the seasonal dynamics of internode length has not been established.

scholarly journals Diversity and seasonal dynamics of airborne <i>Archaea</i>

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 6945-6983
Author(s):  
J. Fröhlich-Nowoisky ◽  
C. Ruzene Nespoli ◽  
D. A. Pickersgill ◽  
P. E. Galand ◽  
I. Müller-Germann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Waters ◽  
Seasonal Dynamics ◽  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Sampling Site ◽  
Air Particulate ◽  
Group I ◽  
Marine Surface ◽  
Abundance And Diversity ◽  
One Year

Abstract. Archaea are widespread and abundant in many terrestrial and aquatic environments, accounting for up to ∼10% of the prokaryotes. Compared to Bacteria and other microorganisms, however, very little is known about the abundance, diversity, and dispersal of Archaea in the atmosphere. By DNA analysis targeting the 16S rRNA and amoA genes in samples of air particulate matter collected over one year at a continental sampling site in Germany, we obtained first insights into the seasonal dynamics of airborne Archaea. The detected Archaea were identified as Thaumarchaeota or Euryarchaeota, with soil Thaumarchaeota (group I.1b) being present in all samples. The normalized species richness of Thaumarchaeota correlated positively with relative humidity and negatively with temperature. This together with an increase of bare agricultural soil surfaces may explain the diversity peaks observed in fall and winter. The detected Euryarchaeota were mainly methanogens with a low relative frequency of occurrence. A slight increase in their frequency during spring may be linked to fertilization processes in the surrounding agricultural fields. Comparison with samples from the Cape Verde islands and from other coastal and continental sites indicates that the proportions of Euryarchaeota are enhanced in coastal air, which is consistent with their suggested abundance in marine surface waters. We conclude that air transport may play an important role for the dispersal of Archaea, including ammonia-oxidizing Thaumarchaeota and methanogens. Also, anthropogenic activities might influence the atmospheric abundance and diversity of Archaea.

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