Effects of contrast media on erythrocyte aggregation during sedimentation

2003 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 397-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuequn Huang ◽  
Akio Yoshikoshi ◽  
Kunihiro Hirano ◽  
Akio Sakanishi
Keyword(s):  
Contrast Media ◽  
Stationary Phase ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Erythrocyte Aggregation ◽  
Collision Rate ◽  
Autologous Plasma ◽  
Erythrocyte Sedimentation ◽  
Rbc Aggregation ◽  
In Cells

To evaluate the effects of contrast media (CMs) on erythrocyte aggregation, we measured the erythrocyte sedimentation with Westergren method at 25°C. CMs were diatrizoate (Urografin® 76%) for ionic CM and iopamidol (Iopamiron® 370) for nonionic CM. Swine red blood cells (RBCs) were suspended in autologous plasma containing diatrizoate (URO), iopamidol (IOP), and saline (SAL) at 6.7% w/w, as well as in plasma alone (PLA), at 40% of the hematocrit. Sigmoid sedimentation curves were fitted to the Puccini et al. (1977) equation, and the average number of RBCs per aggregate m was calculated by Stokes' law against the time t. According to the Murata–Secomb (1988) theory we estimated the collision rate K between two aggregates from dm/dt in the stationary phase during sedimentation. Corresponding to the maximal ESR, the dm/dt (in cells/s) was 0.52 in PLA, 0.09 in SAL, 0.06 in URO and 0.03 in IOP, so that K also decreased in proportion to dm/dt from 145 fL/s in PLA to 8 fL/s in IOP. Both the ionic and nonionic CMs tend to inhibit the RBC aggregation more than that in SAL; the latter iopamidol appears to be inhibitory more than the former diatrizoate in autologous plasma.Key words: erythrocyte sedimentation, RBC aggregation, contrast media, diatrizoate, iopamidol.

scholarly journals Effects of trypsin on aggregation, disaggregation and aggregate morphology of red blood cells in autologous plasma and serum

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yury Aleksandrovich Sheremet'ev
Keyword(s):  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Surface Charge ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Cell Aggregates ◽  
Trypsin Treatment ◽  
Autologous Plasma ◽  
Erythrocyte Surface ◽  
Rbc Aggregation ◽  
Aggregate Morphology ◽  
Serum Trypsin

We study the influence of trypsin on aggregation, disaggregation, and aggregate morphology of RBCs in autologous plasma and serum. The effect of trypsin on the surface charge of red blood cells and the aggregation of glutaraldehyde fixed cells after treatment with the enzyme was also studied. RBC aggregation was studied by means of an aggregometer and microscopic observations. The results obtained in this study indicate that trypsin treatment increases RBCs aggregation in autologous plasma and serum. The disaggregation of erythrocytes after trypsin treatment considerably decreased in autologous plasma and serum. Increase in the strength of red blood cell aggregates was observed in autologous plasma and serum. The microscopic images of RBCs aggregates indicate the formation of globular (pathologic) structures of aggregates in autologous plasma and serum. Trypsin decrease the surface charge of RBCs. In autologous plasma and serum, the cup shapes of RBCs appear. The control RBCs fixed with glutaraldehyde were not aggregated after their placement in autologous plasma. At the same time, red blood cells pretreated with trypsin and fixed with glutaraldehyde interact with each other in autologous plasma. The physiological significance of glycoproteins of erythrocyte surface for RBCs aggregation was discussed.

F181. Evaluation of the contrast media on the rheological properties of the red blood cells

Biorheology ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 32 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 324-324
Author(s):  
K AMOUSSOUGUENOU ◽  
J DEPRESSEUX ◽  
J JUG ◽  
M VOUTAY ◽  
P RUSCH ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contrast Media ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Blood Cells

scholarly journals Necrotic and apoptotic volume changes of red blood cells investigated by low-angle light scattering technique

2007 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Igor V. Mindukshev ◽  
Vladimir V. Krivoshlyk ◽  
Elena E. Ermolaeva ◽  
Irina A. Dobrylko ◽  
Evgeniy V. Senchenkov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Light Scattering ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Platelets ◽  
Calcium Ionophore ◽  
Scattering Technique ◽  
Rbc Aggregation ◽  
Ammonia Medium ◽  
Very High ◽  
Light Scattering Technique

A low-angle light scattering technique, which has been applied previously to studies of blood platelets and Ehrlich ascite tumor cells, revealed differences in the dynamics of necrotic and apoptotic red blood cell death. Under hypotonic loading or in ammonia medium, red blood cells (RBC) swelled to a critical size (diameter approximately 13μm) prior to hemolysis (necrosis). Under acidic loading, hemolysis occurred with less pronounced swelling of cells (diameter approximately 10μm). Apoptosis induced by a calcium ionophore resulted in initial formation of echinocytes, followed by development of rounded red blood cells with uneven membrane, capable of agglomeration. In such a way, RBC aggregation can precede the final stages of the RBC apoptosis when small cellular fragments are generated. On the basis of erythrograms of the cells hemolysing in ammonia medium, the echinocytic (preapoptotic) and stomatocytic (prenecrotic) RBC were discerned due to the very high resistance of apoptotic RBC to osmotic (ammonia) loading.

scholarly journals Micro-Rheological Changes of Red Blood Cells in the Presence of an Arterio-Venous Fistula or a Loop-Shaped Venous Graft in the Rat

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Balazs Szabo ◽  
Bence Tanczos ◽  
Adam Varga ◽  
Barbara Barath ◽  
Souleiman Ghanem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Loop Group ◽  
Erythrocyte Aggregation ◽  
Rheological Parameters ◽  
Loop Groups ◽  
Access Methods ◽  
Minimal Impact ◽  
Hind Limbs ◽  
Venous Fistula

Introduction: In case of kidney failure, hemodialysis is the primary kidney replacement technique. Several vascular access methods used for the therapy, one of which is the arterio-venous fistula (AVF). In the AVF, the blood flow is altered, which can elevate the mechanical stress on the red blood cells (RBCs). This can affect the RBC hemorheological properties, and it can further cause systemic changes. To lower the turbulence and shear stress, we performed a loop-shaped arterio-arterial venous interposition graft (loop-shaped graft) to compare its effect to the conventional AVF.Materials and Methods: Thirty male Wistar were used (permission registration Nr.: 25/2016/UDCAW). The animals were randomly divided into sham-operated, AVF, and loop groups (n = 10/each). The superficial inferior epigastric vein (SIEV) was used to create the AVF and the loop-shaped graft. Blood samples were taken before/after the surgery and at the 1st, 3rd, and 5th postoperative weeks. We measured hemorhelogical, hematological, and blood gas parameters. The microcirculation of the hind limbs was also monitored using Laser Doppler fluxmetry.Results: Hematocrit, RBC count, and hemoglobin decreased by the 1st postoperative week. The erythrocyte aggregation values significantly increased in the fistula group by the 5th week (6.43 ± 2.31 vs. 13.60; p < 0.0001; vs. before operation). At the postoperative 1st week in the loop group, the values showed a significant decrease in RBC deformability. During the maturation period, dominantly at the 5th week, all values were normalized. The operated hind limb’s skin microcirculation significantly increased in the sham and loop group by the 1st week (39 ± 10.57 vs. 73.93 ± 1.97 BFU, p < 0.01). This increase wasn’t observed in the fistula group probably due to a steal-effect.Conclusion: Unlike in the loop group, in the presence of the fistula, several rheological parameters have changed. The loop-shaped graft had only minimal impact on micro-rheological parameters.

Effect of Radiologic Contrast Media on Cell Volume Regulatory Mechanisms in Human Red Blood Cells

2002 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 878-885 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hilde Kanli Galtung ◽  
Vibeke Sørlundsengen ◽  
Kjell S. Sakariassen ◽  
Haakon B. Benestad
Keyword(s):  
Contrast Media ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Cell Volume ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Regulatory Mechanisms ◽  
Human Red Blood Cells

scholarly journals Changes in the morphology of erythrocytes after in vitro exposure of blood to carbon monoxide

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (7) ◽  
pp. 669-678
Author(s):  
E. K. Kozlova ◽  
V. A. Sergunova ◽  
A. P. Kozlov ◽  
E. A. Sherstyukova ◽  
O. E. Gudkova
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Structural Damage ◽  
Test Tube ◽  
Erythrocyte Aggregation ◽  
Erythrocyte Membranes ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Cell Diameter

Background: One of the pathological effects of carbon monoxide (CO) on blood is the formation of carboxyhemoglobin. Carboxyhemoglobin completely blocks oxygen transfer; therefore, there is a net decrease in oxygen transport by red blood cells potentially resulting in tissue hypoxia. The effects of CO on blood can also damage cell membranes. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) has been recognized as effective for investigation into the mechanisms of structural damage in erythrocyte membranes. Aim: By means of AFM, to identify characteristics of changes in morphology and aggregation of erythrocytes exposed to CO in vitro.Materials and methods: All experiments were performed in vitro. We studied the morphology of erythrocytes and their aggregates with AFM. Blood sampling (150 μl) in microvettes with EDTA (Sarstedt AG & Co., Germany) was carried out during a prophylactic work-up of 5 volunteers. To obtain CO in a test tube, formic acid was mixed with sulfuric acid 1:1. Blood levels of carboxyhemoglobin were measured by spectrophotometry. A nonlinear fitting method of the experimental spectra was used to calculate the concentrations of hemoglobin derivatives in blood. Statistical analysis was done with the Origin software (OriginLab Corporation, Northampton, MA, USA).Results: After CO exposure, a shift in peaks was observed. At exposure time t₂=320 s, the percentage of carboxyhemoglobin (CHbCO) was 88±2%. As a result of blood exposure to CO, at t₁=160 s 10% of the cells differed in their shape from discocytes, whereas at t₂=320 s their proportion was 38%. With increasing duration of exposure to CO, erythrocyte aggregation occurred with formation of their large conglomerates up to 30 μm in size. In the control smear, the proportion of discocytes was 96±2%, and the remaining 4±1% of the cells had the form of echinocytes. The cell diameter (Dcont) was in the range 7.5±0.8 μm. After blood exposure to CO at t₁=160 s in the monolayer, 28±5% of cells had a diameter less than<5.7 μm. After CO exposure at t₂=320 s, the proportion of cells with a diameter of less than<5.7 μm increased to 72±11%.Conclusion: The experiments have shown that blood exposure to CO changed the morphology of erythrocytes. The formation of interconnected structures made of red blood cells was observed. With increased time of exposure, erythrocytes demonstrated aggregation with conglomerate formation.

scholarly journals Effects of gadolinium-based magnetic resonance imaging contrast media on red blood cells and K562 cancer cells

2020 ◽  
Vol 62 ◽  
pp. 126640
Author(s):  
Benjamaporn Supawat ◽  
Phattharawadi Moungthong ◽  
Chananchida Chanloi ◽  
Natchaporn Jindachai ◽  
Singkome Tima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Contrast Media ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Contrast

Stimulation of K-C1 cotransport in rat red cells by a hemolytic anemia-producing metabolite of dapsone

1989 ◽  
Vol 256 (2) ◽  
pp. C265-C272 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Haas ◽  
J. H. Harrison
Keyword(s):  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Hemolytic Anemia ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Pneumocystis Carinii ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Sh Groups ◽  
Splenic Uptake ◽  
Stimulation Of ◽  
In Cells

Dapsone, a sulfone compound used in the treatment of leprosy and, more recently, Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, produces as a major side effect a hemolytic anemia. This anemia is characterized by oxidation of hemoglobin to methemoglobin and increased splenic uptake of red blood cells. Using a rat model, Grossman and Jollow (J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 244: 118-125, 1988) found that dapsone hydroxylamine (DDS-NOH), a dapsone metabolite, is responsible for its hemolytic effect in vivo. DDS-NOH also promotes hemoglobin binding to SH groups on rat red cell membrane proteins (Budinsky et al., FASEB J. 2: A801, 1988). Since the binding of hemoglobin and other reagents (e.g., N-ethylmaleimide) to membrane SH groups has been associated with increased K transport in red blood cells, we examined the effect of DDS-NOH on K efflux from rat red blood cells in vitro. Cells shrink when exposed to DDS-NOH (100 microM) in media with plasma-like ionic composition. This shrinkage is prevented if extracellular K is raised to 110 mM or if intra- and extracellular Cl are replaced by methylsulfate (MeSO4), suggesting involvement of a K-Cl cotransport pathway. Indeed, 100 microM DDS-NOH produces a 4- to 5-fold increase in K efflux in cells containing Cl but less than a 2-fold increase in cells containing MeSO4. This stimulatory effect is specific for K; Na efflux is slightly inhibited by 100 microM DDS-NOH. The concentrations of DDS-NOH required for half-maximal stimulation of Cl-dependent K efflux (53 microM) is similar to its half-maximal hemolytic concentration in rats (approximately 100 microM). Furthermore, the stimulation of Cl-dependent K efflux by DDS-NOH is greater than 80% reversed by subsequent treatment of the cells with dithiothreitol, suggesting involvement of SH groups. Our results indicate that DDS-NOH exposure stimulates an apparent K-Cl cotransport in rat red blood cells, resulting in cell shrinkage under physiological ionic conditions. Since shrinkage of red blood cells renders them less deformable (Mohandas et al., J. Clin. Invest. 66: 563-573, 1980), this suggests a pathophysiological mechanism whereby DDS-NOH exposure in vivo could promote increased splenic uptake of red blood cells and hemolytic anemia.

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