scholarly journals HISTOLOGICAL AND SEROLOGICAL SEQUENCES IN EXPERIMENTAL HYPERSENSITIVITY

1947 ◽  
Vol 85 (6) ◽  
pp. 571-590 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clinton Van Zandt Hawn ◽  
Charles A. Janeway
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Serum Albumin ◽  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Bovine Serum ◽  
Gamma Globulin ◽  
Horse Serum ◽  
Protein Solutions ◽  
Pathological Lesions ◽  
Intravenous Injections ◽  
Foreign Proteins ◽  
Antigen Antibody

1. Groups of normal rabbits were given, single intravenous injections of foreign proteins in doses of 1 gm. per kilo, bled at regular intervals for serologic studies, and sacrificed after varying lengths of time for pathological studies. The protein solutions used were of crystallized bovine serum albumin, bovine serum gamma globulin, and bovine serum. The experiments were planned, first, to correlate the sequence of pathological and immunological changes, and second, to compare the responses to two chemically and immunologically distinct plasma protein fractions and to the whole serum of the same species. 2. (a) The principal pathological lesions in rabbits given bovine serum were similar to those which have been previously observed following, the injection of horse serum and were characterized by widely dispersed but segmental acute inflammatory lesions of the arteries. These lesions were at their height 2 weeks after injection and showed marked repair at 4 weeks. (b) Crystallized bovine serum albumin produced lesions almost exclusively confined to the arteries which were at their height at 2 weeks, were healing at 3, and healed by 4 weeks. The lesions were less numerous and less intense than in animals given whole serum and were only found in some of the animals. (c) Bovine serum gamma globulin elicited quite different histologic sequences. The most striking lesions involved the glomeruli of the kidneys, and to a lesser degree, the heart. Lesions in the liver and joints were present but less conspicuous, and arterial lesions were rare and slight in degree. The lesions not only differed from those in rabbits given albumin in distribution but in timing, since they were most widespread and acute at 1 week and were healing at 2 weeks after injection. Moreover, lesions were observed in almost every animal. 3. Results of immunological studies were consistent with the interpretation that the pathological lesions were due to an antigen-antibody reaction in the tissues, as shown by the following: (a) Acute lesions were only observed when antigen was present and before antibody appeared in the circulation. (b) Healing of lesions was only observed (with one exception) when antigen had almost or completely disappeared from the circulation, usually with the appearance of antibody. (c) There was a correlation between the rapidity of evolution of the lesions and the rapidity with which the antigen disappeared from the circulation. (d) There was a rough correlation between the proportion of animals showing lesions and the proportion developing antibodies after the injection of a particular protein solution.

ANTI-BOVINE SERUM ALBUMIN AND ANTI-ALPHA LACTALBUMIN IN THE SERUM OF CHILDREN AND ADULTS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1965 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 571-588
Author(s):  
Richard M. Rothberg ◽  
Richard S. Farr
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Serum Albumin ◽  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Bovine Serum ◽  
Gamma Globulin ◽  
Age Distribution ◽  
Skin Tests ◽  
Positive Skin ◽  
Antigen Antibody ◽  
Alpha Lactalbumin

1. Because precipitin, hemagglutination, and complement-fixation tests measure secondary manifestations of antigen-antibody interactions and are sometimes negative even after a primary antigen-antibody reaction has occurred in vitro, the incidence and amount of anti-bovine serum albumin (BSA) was evaluated in the sera from 900 children and adults by means of precipitating I131-labeled BSA-antibody complexes with 50% saturated ammonium sulfate. A similar study using I131-labeled alpha lactalbumin (ALA) was performed on 718 of this same group of sera. 2. Antibody to BSA was detected more frequently among children (75%) than among young adults 16 to 40 years of age (25%), or among older age groups (8%). 3. The incidence of detectable antibody to ALA had the same age distribution, but only half the frequency as anti-BSA. 4. In contrast to the near absence of antibody in the cord serum as measured by hemagglutination titers using red cells coated with milk proteins, most of the antibody detected in maternal sera in the present study was able to cross the placental barrier and was present in the cord sera. 5. The incidence of both anti-BSA or anti-ALA was the same in males and females. 6. If a given sera bound both IBSA and IALA, the anti-BSA activity was usually, but not always, greater than the anti-ALA activity. 7. No shared antigenicity was detected between IBSA and ovalbumin, insulin, protamine, diptheria, and tetanus toxoid, pertussis vaccine, poliomyelitis vaccine, and influenza vaccine. The apparent inhibiting effects of unlabeled bovine gamma-globulin and ALA on IBSA binding were probably due to trace amounts of BSA in these protein preparations. 8. BSA, ovalbumin, and bovine gamma-globulin had no detectable shared anti-genicity with IALA. 9. Positive skin tests to milk or BSA did not correlate with the anti-BSA levels measured in the serum. 10. The incidence of persons with anti-BSA and anti-ALA was comparable among the "patient" and "well" populations. Ten of the 31 sera with the greatest capacity to bind IBSA were from the "well" population, the remaining 21 sera were from children with a variety of disease states.

scholarly journals THE NATURE OF ANTIGEN-ANTIBODY COMPLEXES FORMED IN RABBITS DURING AN IMMUNE RESPONSE TO BOVINE SERUM ALBUMIN

1958 ◽  
Vol 107 (5) ◽  
pp. 653-663 ◽  
Author(s):  
William O. Weigle
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Bovine Serum Albumin ◽  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Ammonium Sulfate ◽  
Bovine Serum ◽  
Ammonium Sulfate Precipitation ◽  
Antibody Synthesis ◽  
Circulating Antigen ◽  
Antigen Antibody

The immune elimination of soluble BSA, following an intravenous injection, is accompanied by the appearance of circulating antigen-antibody complexes. The pattern of the appearance of circulating antigen-antibody complexes and the immune elimination of antigen probably depends on the amount of antigen injected, the rate of antibody synthesis, and perhaps, the quality of antibody produced. There is no relationship between the I* antigen-antibody complexes detected during the immune response in rabbits by ammonium sulfate precipitation and the material precipitated from immune sera as a result of treatment with alkali. Alkali-precipitable material present in the serum of rabbits at a time when I* antigen is also present contain at most only traces of the antigen.

STUDIES ON THE IMMUNOLOGICAL SPECIFICITY OF AUTOLOGOUS GAMMA-GLOBULIN IN THE GLOMERULI OF RABBITS WITH EXPERIMENTALLY INDUCED GLOMERULONEPHRITIS

1963 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 897-904
Author(s):  
A. L. Sherwin ◽  
A. Leznoff ◽  
M. Richter ◽  
B. Rose
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Serum Albumin ◽  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Specific Antibody ◽  
Bovine Serum ◽  
Gamma Globulin ◽  
High Titer ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody Technique ◽  
Antibody Technique ◽  
Immunological Specificity

Experimental glomerulonephritis was induced in rabbits by the intravenous administration of chicken antirabbit glomerulus serum (nephrotoxic serum). These rabbits were simultaneously immunized, either actively or passively, with bovine serum albumin or ovalbumin. Autologous gamma-globulin was identified in the glomeruli of these nephritic rabbits by means of the fluorescent antibody technique. It was not possible to demonstrate the presence of an anti-BSA or anti-OA component in the gamma-globulin even though these antibodies were present in high titer in the blood. This suggests that the autologous gamma-globulin present in the lesions is entirely specific antibody rather than an accumulation of serum gamma-globulin.

On the equilibrium surface tension of aqueous protein solutions – bovine serum albumin

2021 ◽  
pp. 118305
Author(s):  
Thu Thi-Yen Le ◽  
Siam Hussain ◽  
Ruey-Yug Tsay ◽  
Boris A. Noskov ◽  
Alexander Akentiev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Bovine Serum Albumin ◽  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Bovine Serum ◽  
Protein Solutions ◽  
Equilibrium Surface ◽  
Equilibrium Surface Tension

Passage of bovine serum albumin from the mother to rabbit blastocysts

Development ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 459-469
Author(s):  
Floy L. Crutchfield ◽  
Abraham C. Kulangara
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Serum Albumin ◽  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Bovine Serum ◽  
Double Diffusion ◽  
Early Gestation ◽  
Uterine Lumen ◽  
Intravenous Injections ◽  
Uterine Fluid ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Permeability Rate

Dutch belted rabbits were given single intravenous injections of 100 or 200 mg/kg doses of bovine serum albumin (BSA). BSA in serum and uterine fluid at various times after injection was estimated by a quantitative radial immunodiffusion test, which could measure a minimum of 40 ng. The presence of BSA in uterine fluid was confirmed by immunoelectrophoresis and double diffusion in agar. BSA passes readily into uterine fluid of non-pregnant rabbits, reaching a peak at 12 h after injection, when its concentration is 7–15% of that in serum. About 72 h seems to be required for equilibration of BSA between serum and uterine fluid, at which time the concentration in the former is about 5 times that in the latter. The kinetics of the process is discussed. Compared to the above, passage of BSA into uterine fluid of pregnant rabbits (5–7 days post coitum) is restricted in the following ways. Significant amounts of BSA appear in the fluid only after a maternal dose of 200 mg/kg. BSA in uterine fluid reaches a peak at 24 h after injection, when it is only 4·5% of the serum level. The permeability rate seems to decrease with early gestation. Approximate rates of entry of BSA into uterine lumen of non-pregnant and pregnant rabbits are 0·4 and 0·25 μg/h. BSA seems to be treated like rabbit albumin in its passage across the uterine epithelium. There is no evidence of selection between these proteins.

STUDIES ON THE IMMUNOLOGICAL SPECIFICITY OF AUTOLOGOUS GAMMA-GLOBULIN IN THE GLOMERULI OF RABBITS WITH EXPERIMENTALLY INDUCED GLOMERULONEPHRITIS

1963 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 897-904
Author(s):  
A. L. Sherwin ◽  
A. Leznoff ◽  
M. Richter ◽  
B. Rose
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Serum Albumin ◽  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Specific Antibody ◽  
Bovine Serum ◽  
Gamma Globulin ◽  
High Titer ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody Technique ◽  
Antibody Technique ◽  
Immunological Specificity

Experimental glomerulonephritis was induced in rabbits by the intravenous administration of chicken antirabbit glomerulus serum (nephrotoxic serum). These rabbits were simultaneously immunized, either actively or passively, with bovine serum albumin or ovalbumin. Autologous gamma-globulin was identified in the glomeruli of these nephritic rabbits by means of the fluorescent antibody technique. It was not possible to demonstrate the presence of an anti-BSA or anti-OA component in the gamma-globulin even though these antibodies were present in high titer in the blood. This suggests that the autologous gamma-globulin present in the lesions is entirely specific antibody rather than an accumulation of serum gamma-globulin.

scholarly journals Erythrocyte-mediated microinjection, a technique to study protein degradation in muscle cells

1983 ◽  
Vol 216 (3) ◽  
pp. 559-566 ◽  
Author(s):  
M A McElligott ◽  
J F Dice
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Serum Albumin ◽  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Protein Degradation ◽  
Bovine Serum ◽  
Horse Serum ◽  
Muscle Cells ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Ribonuclease A ◽  
Decay Kinetics ◽  
Poly Ethylene

The technique of erythrocyte-mediated microinjection has been successfully adapted for use with cultured muscle cells. Erythrocytes were fused with primary chick myotube cultures with poly(ethylene glycol), and fluorescent antibodies to haemoglobin demonstrated that this protein was injected into the sarcoplasm of myotubes. The microinjection treatment did not significantly alter protein metabolism in the muscle cells as monitored by rates of synthesis and degradation of muscle proteins. 125I-labelled ribonuclease A and bovine serum albumin were degraded with the expected exponential decay kinetics after microinjection into muscle cells, and the half-life of ribonuclease A (40 h) was approximately twice that of bovine serum albumin (17 h). The degradation of ribonuclease A in the muscle cells was enhanced 1.6-fold in the absence of horse serum and chick-embryo extract, whereas the degradation of bovine serum albumin was not altered during deprivation. These results are characteristic of the breakdown of microinjected ribonuclease A and bovine serum albumin in other cell types. Therefore, our experiments indicate the erythrocyte-mediated microinjection is a valid technique to study protein degradation in primary chick muscle cultures.

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