Stimulation of Renal Organic Base Transport by Uranyl Nitrate

1972 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 533-538 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. H. Hirsch
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Uranyl Nitrate ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Organic Base ◽  
Body Weight Ratio ◽  
Kidney Weight ◽  
Nitrate Treatment ◽  
Cortical Slices ◽  
Stimulation Of

Administration of 6 mg/kg uranyl nitrate to adult male rats resulted in a significant enhancement of N-methylnicotinamide (NMN) uptake by renal cortical slices when measured 24 or 48 h after injection. The accumulation of another organic base, tetraethylammonium (TEA), by renal cortical slices was also significantly increased by uranyl nitrate treatment, but transport of the organic acid p-aminohippurate (PAH) was not altered in these experiments. The kidney weight to body weight ratio was increased in treated rats. Accumulation of NMN by renal cortical slices was significantly enhanced within 8 h after administration of 6 mg/kg uranyl nitrate. NMN uptake was also significantly enhanced 24 and 48 h after administration of 0.5 or 1.0 mg/kg uranyl nitrate to rats. The nephrotoxicity produced by uranyl nitrate was not directly related to its induction of organic base transport. The data support the hypothesis that the organic base transport system can be selectively induced by appropriate stimuli. Treatment of rats with potassium chloride did not enhance NMN uptake by renal cortical slices.

Kidney Weight and Recipient Body Weight Ratio Predict Long-Term Graft Outcome.

2014 ◽  
Vol 98 ◽  
pp. 612-613
Author(s):  
A. Akdur ◽  
M. Kirnap ◽  
E. Kolsarici ◽  
S. Yildirim ◽  
G. Moray ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Body Weight Ratio ◽  
Kidney Weight ◽  
Graft Outcome

scholarly journals Safety Evaluation of Aqueous Extract of Garcinia Kola Seeds in Male Wistar Rats

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-47
Author(s):  
Musa Toyin Yakubu ◽  
◽  
Ayodeji Luqman Quadri ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Safety Evaluation ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Organ Damage ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Gamma Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Body Weight Ratio ◽  
Garcinia Kola ◽  
Glutamyl Transferase

Background: Garcinia kola seed is consumed indiscriminately in Nigeria without recourse to its potential toxicity. Therefore, this study was aimed at assessing the toxicity of the aqueous extract of G. kola seeds on selected tissues of male rats. Methods: Thirty male rats (215.00 ± 18.58 g) were assigned into four groups: A, B, C and D which received 0.5 ml of distilled water, 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg body weight of the extract respectively, once daily for 7 days. Biochemical indices of organ damage and toxicity were determined using standard methods. Results: The extract significantly (P<0.05) increased the testes-body weight ratio, activities of testicular alkaline phosphatase (ALP), heart, testes and serum gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) activity, serum concentrations of uric acid, K+, creatinine and PO43-. The liver-body weight ratio, activities of kidney and serum ALP, liver, heart and serum alanine and aspartate aminotransferases (ALT and AST), serum and testicular acid phosphatase (ACP), concentrations of serum albumin, globulin, urea, Na+ , HCO3-, conjugated and total bilirubin were reduced. The heart- and kidney-body weight ratios and liver ALP were not significantly (P>0.05) altered. Conclusion: The treatment related alterations in the present study indicates that the aqueous extract of G. kola seeds at the doses of 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg body weight caused functional toxicity to the organs of the animals and thus not safe as an oral remedy.

Training and bradycardia in rats

1965 ◽  
Vol 209 (6) ◽  
pp. 1089-1094 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles M. Tipton
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Mature Male ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Heart Weight ◽  
Body Weight Ratio ◽  
Satisfactory Explanation ◽  
Heart Rates ◽  
Weight Percentage

Bradycardia produced by training was investigated in 228 mature male rats belonging to normal, vagotomized, diencephalon-lesioned, immunological sympathectomized, and hypophysectomized groups. During a 70-day experimental period, resting heart rates of trained unanesthetized rats were significantly lower than those of non-trained rats at approximately 40 days after the training program had been initiated. Resting heart rates were correlated with body weight, wet and dry heart weight, percentage of solids, and the heart weight/body weight ratio (heart ratio). Several coefficients were statistically significant but the majority of the coefficients were below ±0.60 and exhibited a low relationship between the various parameters. Heart ratios for the trained vagotomized, diencephalon-lesioned, and immunological sympathectomized were significantly lower than the ratios from normal trained animals. Similar trends were observed with the nontrained subgroups when these ratios were compared with normal nontrained animals. The only exercising group that exhibited statistical evidence for cardiac hypertrophy was the normal trained group. It was concluded that other aspects beside the weight of the heart must be considered in any satisfactory explanation for this form of bradycardia.

P6377Cardiopulmonary effects of nitric oxide supplementation in a model of chronic hypoxia pulmonary hypertension

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Reinero ◽  
M Beghetti ◽  
M Samaja ◽  
G Milano
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Wall Thickness ◽  
Chronic Hypoxia ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Medial Wall ◽  
Body Weight Ratio ◽  
Medial Wall Thickness ◽  
Pulmonary Remodeling

Abstract Objective We previously demonstrated that the inhibition of phosphodiesterase type-5, an enzyme that degrades cGMP into inactive 5'-GMP, attenuates pulmonary remodeling and right ventricular (RV) hypertrophy (RVH) during exposure to chronic hypoxia (CH). The nitric oxide (NO) pathway is thought to play a major role in these changes. In this study, we investigate whether L-Arginine (L-ARG), a substrate of endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) and molsidomine (MOL), a NO donor, might alleviate the cardiovascular and pulmonary dysfunction led by CH. Methods Male rats (n=80; 10/group) were maintained in normoxic (21% O2) or hypoxic chambers (10% O2) for 14 days. Hypoxic rats were subdivided in four groups: untreated control, treated with L-ARG (45 mg/kg), eNOS inhibitor N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME, 45 mg/kg) or MOL (15 mg/kg). Drugs were given daily in the drinking water. After sacrifice, we measured RV systolic pressure (RVSP), RV contractility (dP/dt), RVH, the lung/body weight ratio, the pulmonary vessels medial wall thickness, and the cardiac and pulmonary eNOS phosphorylation. Results Although CH increased RVSP, RV contractility and RVH, these increases were attenuated by L-ARG and MOL. Whereas L-ARG attenuated the RVH increase, MOL and L-NAME were ineffective. No treatment prevented the increase in lung/body weight ratio. Under all conditions, the lung tissue water content was unchanged, indicating no edema development. By contrast, CH rats developed a marked increase in medial wall thickness of small (0–100 mm) pulmonary arteries, while larger arteries were not affected. This increase was attenuated by L-ARG or MOL. Although CH decreased cardiac and pulmonary phosphorylated eNOS, L-ARG and MOL restored the normoxic level. Conclusions NO supplementation during CH attenuates RVSP, RVH and pulmonary remodeling, probably due to increased phosphorylation of eNOS. Despite normalizing RVSP, MOL does not influence RVH development.

Effect of taxifolin/dapagliflozin combination on colistin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats

2021 ◽  
pp. 096032712110109
Author(s):  
AM Kabel ◽  
SA Salama
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Nuclear Factor ◽  
Body Weight Ratio ◽  
Kidney Weight ◽  
Oxidative Stress Parameters ◽  
Tgf Β1 ◽  
Stress Parameters

Colistin is an antimicrobial agent that is used in resistant gram-negative infections. Its most common dose-limiting adverse effect is nephrotoxicity. The objective of our study was to explore the possible effects of each of taxifolin and dapagliflozin alone and in combination on colistin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Sixty male rats were randomized into six groups: Control; colistin; colistin + taxifolin; colistin + dapagliflozin; colistin + carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and colistin + taxifolin + dapagliflozin. Dapagliflozin, taxifolin, and CMC were given daily for 7 days, 4 hours before colistin injection. Kidney weight/body weight ratio and renal function tests were determined. Renal tissue nerve growth factor-β (NGF-β), transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1), proinflammatory cytokines, nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2), toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) p65, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), oxidative stress parameters, beclin-1 and c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) activities were measured. Kidneys were examined histopathologically and immunohistochemically. Taxifolin and/or dapagliflozin induced significant improvement in the renal functions and oxidative stress parameters with significant increase in tissue Nrf2, STAT3 and NGF-β accompanied with significant decrease in kidney weight/body weight ratio, tissue proinflammatory cytokines, TGF-β1, NF-κB (p65), TLR4, beclin-1 and JNK activities and improved the histopathological picture when compared to rats treated with colistin alone. This improvement was significant with taxifolin/dapagliflozin combination compared to rats treated with each of these agents alone. So, we concluded that the combined use of taxifolin and dapagliflozin may confer a therapeutic tool for attenuation of colistin-induced nephrotoxicity.

Effects of growth hormone and thyroxine on kidney insulin-like growth factor-I and renal growth in hypophysectomized rats

1993 ◽  
Vol 136 (3) ◽  
pp. 399-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Marshall ◽  
A. Flyvbjerg ◽  
K. D. Jørgensen ◽  
J. Weeke ◽  
H. Ørskov
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Body Weight Ratio ◽  
Kidney Weight ◽  
Renal Growth ◽  
Factor I ◽  
Igf I ◽  
Hypophysectomized Rats

ABSTRACT The effects of treatment for 11 days with human growth hormone (hGH; 140 μg/day), thyroxine (T4; 3 μg/day) and hGH + T4 on renal growth and content of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) in hypophysectomized rats have been compared with saline-treated hypophysectomized animals and intact control animals. Right kidney weight and kidney weight/body weight ratio remained low in the saline-treated group (313±9 vs 694±28 mg in controls on day 11, P<0·001 and 3·4±0·12 × 10−3 vs 4·2±0·10× 10−3, P< 0·005 respectively). In T4- and hGH-treated animals, kidney weight gain was similar (to 420 ± 14 and 450±22 mg on day 11 respectively, P>0·05), whilst the increase was greater in the group given hGH + T4 (to 572 ±34 mg, P< 0·001 compared with hGH- and T4-treated groups). The kidney weight/body weight ratio became normal in the T4- and hGH + T4-treated animals but remained low in the hGH-treated group. The renal content of IGF-I was low in the salinetreated animals throughout the study (92±10 ng/g on day 11 vs 219±8 ng/g in control animals, P< 0·001), but increased to a maximum of 88% above baseline on day 1 in the group given T4. In the hGH-and hGH + T4-treated groups, renal IGF-I concentration rose to a peak of 317% above baseline on days 2 to 4, then fell to the values seen in control animals on day 11 (hGH: 242±18 ng/g; hGH + T4: 320 ± 41 ng/g; controls: 219 ± 8 ng/g; P> 0·05 for all comparisons). Thus treatment with hGH or T4 results in similar kidney weight gain, despite a greater rise in the renal concentration of IGF-I in the hGH-treated animals. Treatment with both hGH + T4 leads to an increase in the renal concentration of IGF-I similar to that seen with hGH treatment alone, but a larger increase in kidney weight, suggesting that T4 does not stimulate renal growth via the IGF-I pathway and that growth promotion by hGH and T4 is additive. Journal of Endocrinology (1993) 136, 399–406

GROWTH, REPRODUCTION, DIGESTIBILITY, PROTEIN AND VITAMIN A RETENTION OF RATS FED SOLVENT-EXTRACTED RAPESEED MEAL OR SUPPLEMENTAL THIOURACIL

1966 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Bowland ◽  
J. F. Standish
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Food Utilization ◽  
Body Weight Ratio

Weanling rats were fed 19.4% protein diets containing either 13% soybean meal, soybean meal plus 0.05% thiouracil, or 15% solvent-extracted rapeseed meal to replace the soybean meal at an isonitrogenous level. Dietary rapeseed meal did not influence food intake, reduced rate of gain for 8 to 10 weeks, and resulted in poorer food/gain ratio for female rats for the 20-week period but for male rats for only 2 weeks. Rapeseed meal did not affect energy digestibility but increased protein digestibility and retention. Thiouracil reduced energy and protein digestibility but had no consistent influence on protein retention. Both rapeseed meal and thiouracil-supplemented rats had lower vitamin A fecal losses than soybean meal-supplemented rats.Thyroid hypertrophy occurred after 4 to 6 weeks for rapeseed meal rats and after 2 weeks for thiouracil-supplemented rats. After approximately 8 weeks the thyroid to body weight ratio reached an equilibrium. Liver to body weight ratio was increased for several weeks by feeding rapeseed meal or thiouracil to male rats. There was no close relationship between thyroid hypertrophy and rate of body weight gain, efficiency of food utilization, or energy and protein digestibility.Litter weight at birth averaged only 47 g for litters from females receiving rapeseed meal as compared with 69 g for litters from females receiving soybean meal although numbers of rats per litter were similar.

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