Precursor utilization of 5-hydroxytryptophan for 5-hydroxytryptamine biosynthesis in isolated and perfused rabbit and rat lungs

The present study was designed to investigate whether lungs can utilize 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP), formed elsewhere and transported, for the synthesis of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT). [14C]5-HTP uptake was 7.7 ± 1.1 and 3.9 ± 0.2% by rabbit and rat lungs, respectively, after 1 h of perfusion with 10 μM [14C]5-HTP. There was an increase in the lung uptake of [14C]5-HTP when the lungs were preperfused with 0.5 mM chlorphentermine (CP) and the uptake was low when the lungs were preperfused with 0.1 mM hydroxybenzylhydrazine dihydrochloride (HBH). The perfusate concentration of 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid (5-HIAA) increased significantly (3–4 μg/100 mL) during rabbit lung perfusion with 10 μM [14C]5-HTP and this did not change significantly when the lungs were preperfused with 0.5 mM CP. However, 5-HT increased with time in the perfusate, 5-HT, but not 5-HIAA, was detected in the perfusate and increased with time of perfusion when the rat lungs were perfused either with 10 μM 5-HTP or with 0.5 mM CP and 10 μM 5-HTP. However, no metabolites were detected in either the rabbit lung or rat lung perfusates when they were preperfused with 0.1 mM HBH. Lung contents of 5-HT and 5-HIAA were significantly higher in the rat lungs and only 5-HIAA increased in rabbit lungs after 1 h of perfusion with 10 μM 5-HTP. Preperfusion with 0.5 mM CP resulted in a greater increase in the 5-HT content of both rabbit and rat lungs. When the lungs were preperfused with 0.1 mM HBH, [14C]5-HT formation from [14C]5-HTP was obtunded. Homogenates of rabbit and rat lungs incubated with [14C]5-HTP (10 μM) resulted in the formation of substantial amounts of [14C]5-HT and [14C]5-HIAA. Incubations with CP (0.5 or 1 mM) resulted in significant increases of 5-HT levels and a corresponding significant reduction in 5-HIAA levels. On the other hand, incubations with HBH (0.1 mM) resulted in significant inhibition of 5-HT and 5-HIAA formation. 5-HT formation from 5-HTP by rat and rabbit lungs in in vitro incubations is in consonance with the perfusion experiments. These results provide evidence that lung can synthesize 5-HT from the circulating 5-HTP, and pulmonary contribution of 5-HT to the circulating levels is possible.

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ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY OF CURCUMIN AND CAPSAICIN AUGMENTED IN COMBINATION

International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.22159/ijpps.2017v9i6.18635 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (6) ◽

pp. 145

Author(s):

Thriveni Vasanth Kumar ◽

Manjunatha H. ◽

Rajesh Kp

Keyword(s):

Acetic Acid ◽

Protective Effect ◽

Vascular Permeability ◽

Diclofenac Sodium ◽

Significant Inhibition ◽

Inflammatory Activity ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

The Individual

Objective: Dietary curcumin and capsaicin are well known for their health beneficial potencies. The current study was done to assess the anti-inflammatory activity of curcumin, capsaicin and their combination by employing in vitro and in vivo models.Methods: We investigated the protective effect of curcumin, capsaicin and their combination using in vitro heat induced human red blood cell (HRBC) membrane stabilisation, in vivo 3% agar induced leukocyte mobilisation and acetic acid induced vascular permeability assay.Results: Curcumin, capsaicin and their combination exhibited concentration dependent protective effect against heat-induced HRBC membrane destabilisation, while combined curcumin and capsaicin restored 87.0±0.64 % membrane stability and it is found to be better than curcumin, capsaicin and diclofenac sodium (75.0±0.25. 72±0.9 and 80.0±0.31 %) protective effect. In agar suspension induced leukocyte mobilization assay, the combined curcumin and capsaicin had shown 39.5±1.58 % of inhibition compared to individual curcumin and capsaicin, which showed moderate inhibition of 16.0±3.14 and 21.6±2.17 % respectively. Besides, the combined curcumin and capsaicin had shown highly significant inhibition of acetic acid-induced vascular permeability in rats (62.0±3.14 %), whereas individual curcumin and capsaicin showed moderate inhibition of vascular permeability with 36.0±2.41 and 43.0±1.92 % respectively.Conclusion: This study demonstrates the significant anti-inflammatory property of combined curcumin and capsaicin at half of the individual concentration of curcumin and capsaicin.

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Effects of herbicides on growth and number of actinomycetes in soil and in vitro

Pesticidi i fitomedicina ◽

10.2298/pif1604121s ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 31 (3-4) ◽

pp. 121-128 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Ljiljana Santric ◽

Ljiljana Radivojevic ◽

Jelena Gajic-Umiljendic ◽

Marija Saric-Krsmanovic ◽

Rada Djurovic-Pejcev

Keyword(s):

Growth And Development ◽

Application Rate ◽

Significant Inhibition ◽

The Other ◽

Transient Effects ◽

Herbicide Application ◽

Laboratory Conditions

This study was conducted under laboratory conditions to investigate the effects of herbicides (nicosulfuron, metribuzin and glyphosate) on the number of actinomycetes in soil and growth of several isolates of actinomycetes in vitro. The lowest tested concentrations equalled the recommended rates (1X), while the other three were five-fold (5X), ten-fold (10X) and fifty-fold (50X). Samples were collected for analysis 3, 7, 14, 30 and 45 days after herbicide application. Treatment with the two highest concentrations of herbicides (10X and 50X) caused a significant inhibition of the number of actinomycetes in soil and growth of the isolates in vitro. The obtained data indicated that the effect depended on the type of herbicide, application rate, duration of activity and actinomycetes isolate. The study suggests that herbicide applications in soil caused transient effects on the growth and development on actinomycetes community in soil.

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Identification of natural products and their derivatives as promising inhibitors of protein glycation with non-toxic nature against mouse fibroblast 3T3 cells

International Journal of Phytomedicine ◽

10.5138/09750185.1924 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

pp. 533 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ghulam Abbas ◽

Ahmed Suliman Al-Harrasi ◽

Hidayat Hussain ◽

Samina Abdul Sattar ◽

M. Iqbal Choudhary

Keyword(s):

Acetic Acid ◽

Significant Inhibition ◽

Mouse Fibroblast ◽

Protein Glycation ◽

Fibroblast Cells ◽

Inhibition Activity ◽

3T3 Cells ◽

Gossypol Acetic Acid ◽

Deoxypeganine Hydrochloride

This study was performed to identify new inhibitors of protein glycation in vitro. Protein glycation is one of the major causes of late diabetic complications. In this study, terpenoids and alkaloids, isolated from different medicinal plants, along with their derivatives, were evaluated for their antiglycation activity in vitro, while MTT assay on mouse fibroblast 3T3 cells was used to assess their potential cytotoxicity. Among the tested compounds, gossypol (2,2′-bis-(formyl-1,6,7-trihydroxy-5-isopropyl-3-methylnaphthalene) (1), isolated from Gossypium herbaceum, and its derivatives, gossypol acetic acid (2), gossypolidene- 4-aminoantipyrine (4), and gazolidone (6), showed a potent antiglycation activity (IC50 < 16 µM), while gossypolidene-4-aminoantipyrine (5) showed a significant antiglycation activity with IC50 value 82.934±2.924 µM, in BSA-fluorescence assay. Alkaloid, noscapine (3S)-6,7-Dimethoxy-3-[(5R)-4-methoxy-6-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahy-dro-1,3-dioxolo[4,5-g]isoquinolin-5-yl] isobenzofuran-1(3H)-one (7), isolated from Papaver somniferum, N-nitrosoaphyllinic acid (9), a derivative of alkaloid aphylline, and 2H-quinolizine, octahydro salt (11), a salt of alkaloid lupinine, exhibited significant inhibition activity with IC50 values 152.662±5.432, 393.758 ±4.001 µM and 110.203±4.816µM, respectively. Similarly, compounds gossypolidene thiocarbamide (3), deoxypeganine hydrochloride (8), lupinine (10) and cytisine (12) showed moderate inhibition with IC50 values of 401.865 ±18.450, 863.322 ±6.415, 712.176±7.745, and 728.462±2.331 µM, respectively. The results were compared with the standard antiglycation agent, rutin (13) (IC50 =98.012±2.030 µM).Cellular cytotoxicity assay showed only gossypol acetic acid (2) and gossypolidene thiocarbamide (3) as somewhat toxic to 3T3 (mouse fibroblast) cells with IC50 values 2.07 ±0.61 and 5.00 ±1.89 µM, respectively. Cycloheximide was used as a standard in this assay with IC50 value 0.3 ± 0.089 μM

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Métabolisme de l'acide indolyl-3-acétique dans les cultures de cellules d'Acer pseudoplatanus cultivés in vitro

Canadian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1139/b77-288 ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 55 (19) ◽

pp. 2530-2534 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

F. Maillard ◽

J.-P. Zrÿd

Keyword(s):

Cell Wall ◽

Acetic Acid ◽

Culture Medium ◽

Degradation Products ◽

Cell Suspensions ◽

The Other ◽

Acer Pseudoplatanus ◽

Kinetics Of

Incubation of cell suspensions of sycamore (Acer pseudoplatanus) with β-indoyl-3-acetic acid (IAA) first led to the formation of IAA-glycosides, then to that of IAA-aspartate. Great differences are observed between the kinetics of IAA transformed by two distinct strains: one, auxin dependent (S), the other, auxin independent (MB). Other degradation products are only found in the culture medium. The localization of IAA-degrading systems in the cell wall is postulated. The auxin requirement of the S strain is discussed.

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Lysosomal-type PLA2and turnover of alveolar DPPC

AJP Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajplung.2001.280.4.l748 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 280 (4) ◽

pp. L748-L754 ◽

Cited By ~ 40

Author(s):

Aron B. Fisher ◽

Chandra Dodia

Keyword(s):

Degradation Products ◽

Specific Inhibitor ◽

Rat Lung ◽

Lamellar Bodies ◽

Lung Uptake ◽

Rat Lungs ◽

Choline Incorporation ◽

Total Tissue ◽

Intact Rats

This study evaluated the role of a lysosomal-type phospholipase A2(aiPLA2) in the degradation of internalized dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) and in phospholipid synthesis by the rat lung. Uptake and degradation of DPPC were measured in isolated perfused rat lungs over 3 h following endotracheal instillation of [3H]DPPC in mixed unilamellar liposomes plus or minus MJ33, a specific inhibitor of lung aiPLA2. Uptake of DPPC was calculated from total tissue-associated radiolabel, and degradation was calculated from the sum of radiolabel in degradation products. Both uptake and degradation were markedly stimulated by addition of 8-bromo-cAMP to the perfusate. MJ33 had no effect on DPPC uptake but decreased DPPC degradation at 3 h by ∼40–50%. The effect of MJ33 on lung synthesis of DPPC was evaluated with intact rats over a 12- to 24-h period following intravenous injection of radiolabeled palmitate and choline. MJ33 treatment decreased palmitate incorporation into disaturated phosphatidylcholine of lamellar bodies and surfactant by ∼65% at 24 h but had no effect on choline incorporation. This result is compatible with inhibition of the deacylation/reacylation pathway for DPPC synthesis. These results obtained with intact rat lungs indicate that aiPLA2is a major enzyme for degradation of internalized DPPC and also has an important role in DPPC synthesis.

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Hormone-injected leaf cutting, a new efficient in vivo multiplication protocol for two succulent plants

10.7287/peerj.preprints.2656 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Xiaodan Xu ◽

Wei Zheng

Keyword(s):

Acetic Acid ◽

Commercial Production ◽

The Other ◽

Naphthalene Acetic Acid ◽

Shoot Induction ◽

Induction Frequency ◽

Leaf Cutting ◽

Succulent Plants

This study aimed to establish a simple and efficient in vivo multiplication protocol by leaf cutting to satisfy the supply of young succulent ornamentals Pachyveria pachytoides and Sedum morganianum. The regenerability of leaves injected with 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) and α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) in vivo were tested with common leaf cutting as control. Results showed a 100% shoot induction frequency using hormone-injeceted methods for the two species. The number of shoots per leaf of 4.0 or 6.0 mg l −1 BAP and 0.1 mg l −1 NAA injected in vivo (5.08-5.14 in P. pachytoides, and 6.22-6.74 for S. morganianum) were significantly greater than that of the other treatments. Since the h ormone-injected leaf cutting needs no aseptic operation which is necessary for in vitro multiplication, it is simple for the commercial production of the two species. The new in vivo propagation method would be of great interest for growers and breeders of succulent plants.

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Fermentation in the Rumen of the Sheep

Journal of Experimental Biology ◽

10.1242/jeb.28.1.74 ◽

1951 ◽

Vol 28 (1) ◽

pp. 74-82

Author(s):

F. V. GRAY ◽

A. F. PILGRIM ◽

R. A. WELLER

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Acetic Acid ◽

Propionic Acid ◽

Butyric Acid ◽

Rumen Fluid ◽

Rumen Fermentation ◽

Natural Process ◽

The Other ◽

Rapid Absorption

1. When wheaten hay and lucerne hay were fermented by organisms from the rumen of the sheep it was necessary to employ a large inoculum of rumen fluid in order to reproduce the rumen fermentation in vitro. With a small inoculum the fermentation did not conform to the known characteristics of the natural process. 2. Products per kilogram of wheaten hay fermented in vitro were: fatty acids 200-250 g.--acetic acid 41%, propionic acid 43% and butyric acid 16% (by weight); methane 15 l. Products per kilogram of lucerne hay were: fatty acids 250-300 g.--acetic acid 53%, propionic acid 29% and butyric acid 18% (by weight); methane 20 l. 3. The findings support the view that, owing to the more rapid absorption of propionic than of the other acids from the rumen, the proportion of this acid remaining in the rumen fluid is considerably less than the proportion actually formed in the fermentation.

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Antifungal Activity of the Extract and the Active Substances of Endophytic Nigrospora sp. from the Traditional Chinese Medicinal Plant Stephania kwangsiensis

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x1701201219 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 12 (12) ◽

pp. 1934578X1701201 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Haiyu Luo ◽

Qiuyan Zhou ◽

Yecheng Deng ◽

Zhiyong Deng ◽

Zhen Qing ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Medicinal Plant ◽

Pathogenic Fungi ◽

Significant Inhibition ◽

The Other ◽

Plant Pathogenic Fungi ◽

Antifungal Activities ◽

Bioassay Guided Fractionation ◽

Ceratocystis Paradoxa ◽

Chinese Medicinal Plant

To exploit a new source from medical plants for finding bioactive products, endophytic fungi DBR-5 identified as Nigrospora sp., was isolated from the root tubers of the traditional Chinese medicinal plant Stephania kwangsiensis Lo. The antifungal activities of the extract from its fermentation liquids were determined. The ethyl acetate extract of DBR-5 exhibited high and broad antifungal activities against plant pathogenic fungi, and showed high toxicity to Exserohilum turcicum, Bipolaris maydis, Ceratocystis paradoxa, Alternaria oleracea and Cochliobolus miyabeanus with EC50 values respectively at 0.01 mg/mL, 0.02 mg/mL, 0.03 mg/mL, 0.03 mg/mL and 0.04 mg/mL. By a bioassay guided fractionation, three antifungal secondary metabolites were isolated from liquid culture of DBR-5, and identified as griseofulvin, deoxybostrycin and austrocortirubin on the basis of spectroscopic analysis. In vitro antifungal assay showed that griseofulvin displayed significant inhibition against the hypha growth of tested plant pathogenic fungi with EC50 values ranging from 0.0013 mg/mL to 0.0202 mg/mL, and showed the highest toxicity to E. turcicum and C. paradoxa with EC50 values both at 0.0013 mg/mL. Compared with the broad spectrum fungicide carbendazim, except that the toxicity of griseofulvin to Diaporthe citri and Pestalotiopsis theae was lower, the toxicity to the other eight pathogenic fungi was much higher. The inhibitory rates of griseofulvin against spore germination of A. olerace, C. paradoxa and P. theae were 100%, 100% and 94.39% respectively, at a concentration of 0.01 mg/mL. The other two compounds deoxybostrycin and austrocortirubin exhibited only weak antifungal activities. The results indicate the potential of Nigrospora sp. DBR-5 as a source of griseofulvin and also support that griseofulvin is a natural compound with high potential bioactivity against plant pathogenic fungi.

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Chemical Composition and Antioxidant, Analgesic, and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Methanolic Extract ofEuphorbia retusain Mice

Pain Research and Management ◽

10.1155/2018/4838413 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-11 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Jazia Sdayria ◽

Ilhem Rjeibi ◽

Anouar Feriani ◽

Sana Ncib ◽

Wided Bouguerra ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Acetic Acid ◽

Methanolic Extract ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Significant Inhibition ◽

Paw Edema ◽

Alternative Source ◽

Standard Drug ◽

Methanolic Extracts ◽

Anti Inflammatory

Plants provide an alternative source to manage different human disorders due to various metabolites. The aim of this study is to investigate the phytochemical constituents of the methanolic extracts ofEuphorbia retusaand to evaluate their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic activities. The phytochemical results obtained by HPLC and by chemical assay reactions have revealed the richness of the methanolic extract ofE. retusain active compounds, in particular polyphenols, flavonoids, and tannins. The methanolic extract shows significant antioxidant activitiesin vitro, in the DPPH and the FRAP assays. The antinociceptive activity was evaluated using acetic acid and hot-plate models of pain in mice. The anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated by carrageenan-induced paw edema. Oral pretreatment with the methanolic extract ofE. retusa(200 mg/kg) exhibited a significant inhibition of pain induced either by acetic acid or by the heating plate and in a manner comparable to the standard drug paracetamol.E. retusasignificantly reduced paw edema starting from the 3rd hour after carrageenan administration by increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, and GPx) in liver and paw tissues and decreasing the levels of MDA. These results may confirm the interesting potential of this plant as a treatment of various inflammatory and pain diseases.

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The production and absorption of volatile fatty acids from the rumen of the sheep

Australian Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.1071/ar9680791 ◽

1968 ◽

Vol 19 (5) ◽

pp. 791 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

GJ Faichney

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Acetic Acid ◽

Butyric Acid ◽

Volatile Fatty Acids ◽

Metabolizable Energy ◽

The Other ◽

In Vitro Fermentation ◽

The Mean ◽

The Difference

Experiments are reported in which sheep were given roughage diets or a high concentrate diet and the VFA absorbed from the rumen were estimated by an in vitro fermentation procedure. The VFA absorbed were compared with the digestible and metabolizable energy intakes of the sheep, determined in digestibility trials, for each diet. For a lucerne diet, a straw diet, and the high concentrate diet the proportions of the digested energy absorbed as VFA were 33.6, 42.4, and 33.2% respectively. On the lucerne diet, the difference between the mean molar proportions of the VFA absorbed and the mean molar proportions of the VFA in the rumen approached significance for acetic acid (P < 0.10) and was highly significant for butyric acid (P < 0.01). The differences were not significant for the other diets.

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