scholarly journals Antifungal Activity of the Extract and the Active Substances of Endophytic Nigrospora sp. from the Traditional Chinese Medicinal Plant Stephania kwangsiensis

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1701201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haiyu Luo ◽  
Qiuyan Zhou ◽  
Yecheng Deng ◽  
Zhiyong Deng ◽  
Zhen Qing ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Significant Inhibition ◽  
The Other ◽  
Plant Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Antifungal Activities ◽  
Bioassay Guided Fractionation ◽  
Ceratocystis Paradoxa ◽  
Chinese Medicinal Plant

To exploit a new source from medical plants for finding bioactive products, endophytic fungi DBR-5 identified as Nigrospora sp., was isolated from the root tubers of the traditional Chinese medicinal plant Stephania kwangsiensis Lo. The antifungal activities of the extract from its fermentation liquids were determined. The ethyl acetate extract of DBR-5 exhibited high and broad antifungal activities against plant pathogenic fungi, and showed high toxicity to Exserohilum turcicum, Bipolaris maydis, Ceratocystis paradoxa, Alternaria oleracea and Cochliobolus miyabeanus with EC50 values respectively at 0.01 mg/mL, 0.02 mg/mL, 0.03 mg/mL, 0.03 mg/mL and 0.04 mg/mL. By a bioassay guided fractionation, three antifungal secondary metabolites were isolated from liquid culture of DBR-5, and identified as griseofulvin, deoxybostrycin and austrocortirubin on the basis of spectroscopic analysis. In vitro antifungal assay showed that griseofulvin displayed significant inhibition against the hypha growth of tested plant pathogenic fungi with EC50 values ranging from 0.0013 mg/mL to 0.0202 mg/mL, and showed the highest toxicity to E. turcicum and C. paradoxa with EC50 values both at 0.0013 mg/mL. Compared with the broad spectrum fungicide carbendazim, except that the toxicity of griseofulvin to Diaporthe citri and Pestalotiopsis theae was lower, the toxicity to the other eight pathogenic fungi was much higher. The inhibitory rates of griseofulvin against spore germination of A. olerace, C. paradoxa and P. theae were 100%, 100% and 94.39% respectively, at a concentration of 0.01 mg/mL. The other two compounds deoxybostrycin and austrocortirubin exhibited only weak antifungal activities. The results indicate the potential of Nigrospora sp. DBR-5 as a source of griseofulvin and also support that griseofulvin is a natural compound with high potential bioactivity against plant pathogenic fungi.

scholarly journals Two Polyketides Produced by Endophytic Penicillium citrinum DBR-9 From Medicinal Plant Stephania kwangsiensis and Their Antifungal Activity Against Plant Pathogenic Fungi

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1984679 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haiyu Luo ◽  
Zhen Qing ◽  
Yecheng Deng ◽  
Zhiyong Deng ◽  
Xia’an Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Significant Inhibition ◽  
Penicillium Citrinum ◽  
Plant Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Fungal Cell ◽  
Cell Membrane Integrity ◽  
Chinese Medicinal Plant

Endophytic fungi, especially those found in medicinal plants, are widely studied as producers of secondary metabolites of biotechnological interest. In this study, on the basis of an activity-directed isolation method and spectroscopic analysis, two active polyketides, citrinin (1) and emodin (2), were isolated and identified from the fermentation of the endophytic fungus Penicillium citrinum DBR-9. This fungus was isolated from the root tubers of the traditional Chinese medicinal plant Stephania kwangsiensis. In vitro antifungal assay showed that the two polyketides displayed significant inhibition on hypha growth of tested plant pathogenic fungi with IC50 values ranging from 3.1 to 123.1 μg/mL and 3.0 to 141.0 μg/mL, respectively. In addition, the mechanism of the effects of emodin (2) on the pathogen revealed it could affect the colony morphology, destroy cell membrane integrity, and influence the protein synthesis of the tested fungal cell. This work is the first report of two polyketides-producing endophytic P. citrinum DBR-9 from the medicinal plant S. kwangsiensis. Our results present new opportunities to deeply understand the potential of these two polyketides as natural antifungal agents to control phytopathogens in agriculture.

Activity of Armillarisin B in vitro against Plant Pathogenic Fungi

2009 ◽  
Vol 64 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 790-792 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin-Wen Shen ◽  
Bing-Ji Ma ◽  
Wen Li ◽  
Hai-You Yu ◽  
Ting-Ting Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
2D Nmr ◽  
Spectroscopic Studies ◽  
Gibberella Zeae ◽  
Plant Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Fruiting Bodies ◽  
Bioassay Guided Fractionation

The methanolic extract of the fruiting bodies of the mushroom Armillariella tabescens was found to show antifungal activity against Gibberella zeae. The active compound was isolated from the fruiting bodies of A. tabescens by bioassay-guided fractionation of the extract and identifi ed as armillarisin B. Armillarisin B eventually corresponds to 2-hydroxy-2- phenylpropanediamide and its structure was confi rmed on the basis of spectroscopic studies including 2D NMR experiments.

Activity in vitro and in vivo against Plant Pathogenic Fungi of Grifolin Isolated from the Basidiomycete Albatrellus dispansus

2005 ◽  
Vol 60 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 50-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Du-Qiang Luo ◽  
Hong-Jun Shao ◽  
Hua-Jie Zhu ◽  
Ji-Kai Liu
Keyword(s):  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Plant Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Fruiting Bodies ◽  
Mass Spectral ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Bioassay Guided Fractionation ◽  
C Nmr

In the course of screening for novel naturally occurring fungicides from mushrooms in Yunnan province, China, the ethanol extract of the fruiting bodies of Albatrellus dispansus was found to show antifungal activity against plant pathogenic fungi. The active compound was isolated from the fruiting bodies of A. dispansus by bioassay-guided fractionation of the extract and identified as grifolin by IR, 1H and 13C NMR and mass spectral analysis. Its antifungal activities were evaluated in vitro against 9 plant pathogenic fungi and in vivo against the plant disease of Erysiphe graminis. In vitro, Sclerotinina sclerotiorum and Fusarium graminearum were the most sensitive fungi to grifolin, and their mycelial growth inhibition were 86.4 and 80.9% at 304.9 μᴍ, respectively. Spore germination of F. graminearum, Gloeosporium fructigenum and Pyricularia oryzae was almost completely inhibited by 38.1 μᴍ grifolin. In vivo, the curative effect of grifolin against E. graminis was 65.5% at 304.9 μᴍ after 8 days.

scholarly journals Effects of herbicides on growth and number of actinomycetes in soil and in vitro

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 121-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ljiljana Santric ◽  
Ljiljana Radivojevic ◽  
Jelena Gajic-Umiljendic ◽  
Marija Saric-Krsmanovic ◽  
Rada Djurovic-Pejcev
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Significant Inhibition ◽  
The Other ◽  
Transient Effects ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Laboratory Conditions

This study was conducted under laboratory conditions to investigate the effects of herbicides (nicosulfuron, metribuzin and glyphosate) on the number of actinomycetes in soil and growth of several isolates of actinomycetes in vitro. The lowest tested concentrations equalled the recommended rates (1X), while the other three were five-fold (5X), ten-fold (10X) and fifty-fold (50X). Samples were collected for analysis 3, 7, 14, 30 and 45 days after herbicide application. Treatment with the two highest concentrations of herbicides (10X and 50X) caused a significant inhibition of the number of actinomycetes in soil and growth of the isolates in vitro. The obtained data indicated that the effect depended on the type of herbicide, application rate, duration of activity and actinomycetes isolate. The study suggests that herbicide applications in soil caused transient effects on the growth and development on actinomycetes community in soil.

Precursor utilization of 5-hydroxytryptophan for 5-hydroxytryptamine biosynthesis in isolated and perfused rabbit and rat lungs

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (10) ◽  
pp. 2117-2123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kodavanti S. Prasada Rao ◽  
Harihara M. Mehendale
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Lung Perfusion ◽  
Significant Inhibition ◽  
The Other ◽  
Rat Lung ◽  
Lung Uptake ◽  
Rabbit Lung ◽  
Rat Lungs ◽  
Circulating Levels

The present study was designed to investigate whether lungs can utilize 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP), formed elsewhere and transported, for the synthesis of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT). [14C]5-HTP uptake was 7.7 ± 1.1 and 3.9 ± 0.2% by rabbit and rat lungs, respectively, after 1 h of perfusion with 10 μM [14C]5-HTP. There was an increase in the lung uptake of [14C]5-HTP when the lungs were preperfused with 0.5 mM chlorphentermine (CP) and the uptake was low when the lungs were preperfused with 0.1 mM hydroxybenzylhydrazine dihydrochloride (HBH). The perfusate concentration of 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid (5-HIAA) increased significantly (3–4 μg/100 mL) during rabbit lung perfusion with 10 μM [14C]5-HTP and this did not change significantly when the lungs were preperfused with 0.5 mM CP. However, 5-HT increased with time in the perfusate, 5-HT, but not 5-HIAA, was detected in the perfusate and increased with time of perfusion when the rat lungs were perfused either with 10 μM 5-HTP or with 0.5 mM CP and 10 μM 5-HTP. However, no metabolites were detected in either the rabbit lung or rat lung perfusates when they were preperfused with 0.1 mM HBH. Lung contents of 5-HT and 5-HIAA were significantly higher in the rat lungs and only 5-HIAA increased in rabbit lungs after 1 h of perfusion with 10 μM 5-HTP. Preperfusion with 0.5 mM CP resulted in a greater increase in the 5-HT content of both rabbit and rat lungs. When the lungs were preperfused with 0.1 mM HBH, [14C]5-HT formation from [14C]5-HTP was obtunded. Homogenates of rabbit and rat lungs incubated with [14C]5-HTP (10 μM) resulted in the formation of substantial amounts of [14C]5-HT and [14C]5-HIAA. Incubations with CP (0.5 or 1 mM) resulted in significant increases of 5-HT levels and a corresponding significant reduction in 5-HIAA levels. On the other hand, incubations with HBH (0.1 mM) resulted in significant inhibition of 5-HT and 5-HIAA formation. 5-HT formation from 5-HTP by rat and rabbit lungs in in vitro incubations is in consonance with the perfusion experiments. These results provide evidence that lung can synthesize 5-HT from the circulating 5-HTP, and pulmonary contribution of 5-HT to the circulating levels is possible.

scholarly journals Hevein-Like Antimicrobial Peptides Wamps: Structure–Function Relationship in Antifungal Activity and Sensitization of Plant Pathogenic Fungi to Tebuconazole by WAMP-2-Derived Peptides

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (21) ◽  
pp. 7912 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatyana Odintsova ◽  
Larisa Shcherbakova ◽  
Marina Slezina ◽  
Tatyana Pasechnik ◽  
Bakhyt Kartabaeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Antimicrobial Peptides ◽  
Structure Function ◽  
Spore Germination ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Plant Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Fungal Cell ◽  
Structure Function Relationship ◽  
Function Relationship

Hevein-like antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) comprise a family of plant AMPs with antifungal activity, which harbor a chitin-binding site involved in interactions with chitin of fungal cell walls. However, the mode of action of hevein-like AMPs remains poorly understood. This work reports the structure–function relationship in WAMPs—hevein-like AMPs found in wheat (Triticum kiharae Dorof. et Migush.) and later in other Poaceae species. The effect of WAMP homologues differing at position 34 and the antifungal activity of peptide fragments derived from the central, N- and C-terminal regions of one of the WAMPs, namely WAMP-2, on spore germination of different plant pathogenic fungi were studied. Additionally, the ability of WAMP-2-derived peptides to potentiate the fungicidal effect of tebuconazole, one of the triazole fungicides, towards five cereal-damaging fungi was explored in vitro by co-application of WAMP-2 fragments with Folicur® EC 250 (25% tebuconazole). The antifungal activity of WAMP homologues and WAMP-2-derived peptides varied depending on the fungus, suggesting multiple modes of action for WAMPs against diverse pathogens. Folicur® combined with the WAMP-2 fragments inhibited the spore germination at a much greater level than the fungicide alone, and the type of interactions was either synergistic or additive, depending on the target fungus and concentration combinations of the compounds. The combinations, which resulted in synergism and drastically enhanced the sensitivity to tebuconazole, were revealed for all five fungi by a checkerboard assay. The ability to synergistically interact with a fungicide and exacerbate the sensitivity of plant pathogenic fungi to a commercial antifungal agent is a novel and previously uninvestigated property of hevein-like AMPs.

Antifungal activity in vitro of propolis solutions from Argentina against two plant pathogenic fungi: Didymella bryoniae and Rhizotocnia solani

2014 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 438-440
Author(s):  
Liliana Gallez ◽  
Mirta Kiehr ◽  
Leticia Fernández ◽  
Rolf Delhey ◽  
Débora Stikar
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Plant Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Didymella Bryoniae

scholarly journals Antifungal Activity of Silver Ions and Nanoparticles on Phytopathogenic Fungi

Plant Disease ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 93 (10) ◽  
pp. 1037-1043 ◽  
Author(s):  
Young-Ki Jo ◽  
Byung H. Kim ◽  
Geunhwa Jung
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Colony Formation ◽  
Magnaporthe Grisea ◽  
Silver Ions ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Chloride Ions ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Plant Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
In Planta

Silver in ionic or nanoparticle forms has a high antimicrobial activity and is therefore widely used for various sterilization purposes including materials of medical devices and water sanitization. There have been relatively few studies on the applicability of silver to control plant diseases. Various forms of silver ions and nanoparticles were tested in the current study to examine the antifungal activity on two plant-pathogenic fungi, Bipolaris sorokiniana and Magnaporthe grisea. In vitro petri dish assays indicated that silver ions and nanoparticles had a significant effect on the colony formation of these two pathogens. Effective concentrations of the silver compounds inhibiting colony formation by 50% (EC50) were higher for B. sorokiniana than for M. grisea. The inhibitory effect on colony formation significantly diminished after silver cations were neutralized with chloride ions. Growth chamber inoculation assays further confirmed that both ionic and nanoparticle silver significantly reduced these two fungal diseases on perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne). Particularly, silver ions and nanoparticles effectively reduced disease severity with an application at 3 h before spore inoculation, but their efficacy significantly diminished when applied at 24 h after inoculation. The in vitro and in planta evaluations of silver indicated that both silver ions and nanoparticles influence colony formation of spores and disease progress of plant-pathogenic fungi. In planta efficacy of silver ions and nanoparticles is much greater with preventative application, which may promote the direct contact of silver with spores and germ tubes, and inhibit their viability.

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