Seasonal decline in health status of Great Tit (Parus major) nestlings

2001 ◽  
Vol 79 (10) ◽  
pp. 1829-1833 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Dubiec ◽  
Mariusz Cichoñ
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Parus Major ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Great Tit ◽  
Hatching Date ◽  
Offspring Survival ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Seasonal Decline ◽  
The Relationship

Seasonal variation in offspring survival and recruitment rates in birds may be mediated by immune function, as it defines the ability of individuals to protect themselves against parasites and infectious diseases. To investigate the relationship between hatching date and health status of Great Tit (Parus major) nestlings, two blood parameters (leukocyte level and haematocrit) were estimated. Leukocyte level decreased as the season progressed within first but not second broods, while haematocrit showed no seasonal variation within either brood type. However, nestlings from first broods had both higher leukocyte levels and higher haematocrit than nestlings from second broods. Nestling body condition (defined as the residual of body mass on tarsus length calculated from linear regression) was not related to hatching date within brood type, while a significant difference between brood types was found. We suggest that the commonly observed decline in juvenile survival rate as the season progresses may be at least partly attributed to seasonal changes in health status.

Seasonal decline in health status of Great Tit (Parus major) nestlings

2001 ◽  
Vol 79 (10) ◽  
pp. 1829-1833 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Dubiec ◽  
Mariusz Cichoñ
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Parus Major ◽  
Great Tit ◽  
Seasonal Decline

scholarly journals An Inline Reticulorumen pH as Biomarker of Cow’s Reproduction and Health Status

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramūnas Antanaitis ◽  
Vida Juozaitiene ◽  
Dovilė Malašauskienė ◽  
Mindaugas Televičius
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Blood Gas ◽  
Protein Ratio ◽  
Time Body Weight ◽  
Blood Gas Parameters ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Blood Gas Analyzer

We hypothesized possibility that inline registered reticulorumen pH can be as biomarker of cows reproduction and health status. Aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship of reticulorumen pH with biomarkers from automatic milking system (AMS) and some blood parameters and determinate reticulorumen pH as biomarker of cows reproduction and health status. According to cows reproductive status the cows were classified as belonging to the following four groups: 15-30 d. postpartum; 1-34 d. after insemination; 35 d. after insemination (non-pregnant); 35 d. after insemination (pregnant). According reticulorumen pH assay experimental animals were divided into four classes: 1) pH<6.22 (5.3% of cows), 2) pH - 6.22-6.42 (42.1% of cows), 3) pH - 6.42-6.62 (21.1% of cows), 4) pH >6.62 (10.5% of cows). Rumination time, body weight, milk yield, milk fat – protein ratio, milk lactose, milk somatic cell count (SCC), milk electrical conductivity of all quarters of udder were registered with the help of Lely Astronaut® A3 milking robots. The pH, temperature of the contents of cow reticulorumens and cow activity were measured using specific smaX-tec boluses. Blood gas parameters were analyzed using a blood gas analyzer (EPOC, Canada). We found that pregnant cows has higher reticulorumen pH during insemination time, comparing with non-pregnant. Cows with lower reticulorumen pH has lowest milk fat – protein ratio, and lactose concentration, and highest SCC. Cows with lowest reticulorumen pH has lowest blood pH. With increase reticulorumen pH, increases blood potasium and hematocrit, decreases CO2, saturation and sodium.

scholarly journals Blood parameters and measurements of weight in the rehabilitation of Magellanic penguins (Spheniscus magellanicus, Foster 1781)

2015 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.M. Martins ◽  
R.P. Silva Filho ◽  
M.O. Xavier ◽  
M.C.A. Meireles ◽  
R.B. Robaldo
Keyword(s):  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Prognostic Indicator ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Magellanic Penguin ◽  
Rehabilitation Process ◽  
Spheniscus Magellanicus ◽  
Magellanic Penguins ◽  
Total Plasma Protein ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Relationship

During the austral winter the appearance of the Magellanic penguin (Spheniscus magellanicus) is common on the southern coast of Brazil. The oil pollution constitutes a major cause of death of these birds. The monitoring of the weight and blood variables is important to make decisions during the rehabilitation and release of these animals. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the penguins' survival during rehabilitation and the values of hematocrit (Hct), total plasma protein (TPP) and body weight (BW) of the birds received at Centro de Recuperação de Animais Marinhos (Recovery Centre for Sea Animals) between 2006 and 2009. The analysis took place weekly, and penguins were classified according to the outcome of the rehabilitation process, when 101 specimens were rehabilitated and released, and 67 died. Released animals showed a decrease in the Hct in the second and third weeks (41±6% and 40±5% respectively) followed by recovery of the values in the fourth and fifth week (41±4% and 43±4% respectively). TPP levels increased steadily over the collections, stabilizing at 7.3±0.8g/dL in the fourth week. On the other hand, animals that died, although following the same response for TPP, showed no significant difference in Hct between collections, and showed a tendency for loss of BW in the last weeks of rehabilitation. The curves of BW and Hct during rehabilitation were considered a potential prognostic indicator of penguins in rehabilitation. Animals that arrived at the recovery centre with BW, Hct and TPP above 2.700g, 45% and 5.6 g / dL, respectively, have a greater chance of recovery, making these parameters crucial points in decision making regarding the treatment to be conducted during rehabilitation.

Effect of Experimentally Altered Brood Size on Frequency and Timing of Second Clutches in the Great Tit

The Auk ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 104 (4) ◽  
pp. 700-706 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henrik G. Smith ◽  
Hans Källander ◽  
Jan-Åke Nilsson
Keyword(s):  
Brood Size ◽  
Parus Major ◽  
Reproductive Development ◽  
Great Tit ◽  
Lower Probability ◽  
Hatching Date ◽  
Fledgling Survival ◽  
First Clutch ◽  
Second Clutch ◽  
Food Depletion

Abstract Brood size in the Great Tit (Parus major) was manipulated (increased, decreased, or unchanged) when nestlings were 5 days old. Both the frequency of second clutches and the interbrood interval were affected. The number of nestlings and hatching date, but not nestling and female mass, differed between first broods followed and not followed by second clutches. Hatching date and the number of nestlings in the first brood explained most of the variation in interbrood interval, whereas female mass did not contribute. Feeding first-brood nestlings and fledglings is an energy-demanding process, and the female may have to allocate resources to brood-feeding at the expense of reproductive development. Furthermore, a larger brood requires a longer period of feeding than a smaller brood. These circumstances probably explain why the size of the first brood affects the timing of the second clutch. Female condition and food depletion of the territory do not seem to be important. Because late second clutches have a lower probability of fledgling survival than do earlier ones-and consequently are of lower value from the female's standpoint-a large first clutch may delay laying to the point that a second clutch is not worthwhile. We conclude that a female's decision whether to lay a second clutch is a strategic one based on the value of the second clutch; a female that "decides" to lay a second clutch starts as quickly as possible.

Seasonal decline in nestling cellular immunocompetence results from environmental factors — an experimental study

2005 ◽  
Vol 83 (7) ◽  
pp. 920-925 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Dubiec ◽  
Mariusz Cichoń
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Immune Function ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Parus Major ◽  
Experimental Manipulation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Hatching Date ◽  
Seasonal Environment ◽  
Cell Mediated Immune Response ◽  
Seasonal Decline

In a seasonal environment, immune function in bird nestlings has been reported to decline with hatching date. Two groups of factors are expected to contribute to this decline: (1) seasonal deterioration of environmental conditions, e.g., food availability, and (2) differences in individual quality between parents breeding early and late in the season. To distinguish between these effects, an experimental manipulation of hatching date in great tits (Parus major L., 1758) was conducted. Whole clutches were swapped between pairs of nests with a 6-day difference in expected hatching date, while some nests remained nonmanipulated, constituting a control group. Nestling T-cell-mediated immune response to phytohaemagglutinin was negatively related to hatching date both within nonmanipulated control broods and all broods pulled together. Experimental change in hatching date produced changes in nestling immune response, as predicted from the seasonal trend observed in the control nests. Male and female nestlings did not differ in the level of immune response and the seasonal decline in immune response did not differ between sexes. Our results indicate that the seasonal decline in nestling immune function may be driven by date-dependent environmental conditions rather than differences in parental quality.

scholarly journals Seasonal Decline in Leukocyte Concentrations and Reproductive Output in Female Great Tits (Parus Major)

The Auk ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 122 (3) ◽  
pp. 829-834 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Dubiec ◽  
Magdalena Witek ◽  
Mariusz Cichoń
Keyword(s):  
Breeding Season ◽  
Reproductive Output ◽  
Reproductive Effort ◽  
Parus Major ◽  
Breeding Parameters ◽  
High Reproductive Effort ◽  
Leukocyte Counts ◽  
Seasonal Decline ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Leukocyte Concentration

Abstract We studied the relationship between breeding parameters and leukocyte counts (number of cells in 1 mm3 of blood) in Great Tit (Parus major) females. To exclude potential effects on leukocyte concentration of high reproductive effort related to nestling provisioning, we collected blood samples from females at the end of their incubation period. Early-breeding females had greater blood counts of total leukocytes, lymphocytes, and heterophils than birds starting their clutches late in the season. Reproductive success, measured as the number of successfully fledged young, declined over the breeding season and showed no association with total leukocyte concentration. Number of leukocytes was not related to female condition measured as residuals from the regression of body weight on tarsus length. Moreover, the concentration of leukocytes did not predict the probability that a female would survive to the following breeding season. Disminución Estacional en las Concentraciones de Leucocitos y en el Rendimiento Reproductivo en Parus major

Variation of adult Great Tit Parus major body condition and blood parameters in relation to sex, age, year and season

2009 ◽  
Vol 150 (3) ◽  
pp. 651-660 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. C. Norte ◽  
J. A. Ramos ◽  
J. P. Sousa ◽  
B. C. Sheldon
Keyword(s):  
Body Condition ◽  
Parus Major ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Great Tit

Relationship between Thyroglobulin and Tumor Detectabilily with Thallium-201 in Differentiated Thyroid Cancer

2000 ◽  
Vol 39 (01) ◽  
pp. 10-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. P. Müller ◽  
Ch. Reiners ◽  
A. Bockisch ◽  
Katja Brandt-Mainz
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Differentiated Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Roc Analysis ◽  
Tsh Suppression ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Test Specificity ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Tumor Scintigraphy ◽  
Tsh Stimulation

Summary Aim: Tumor scintigraphy with 201-TICI is an established diagnostic method in the follow-up of differentiated thyroid cancer. We investigated the relationship between thyroglobulin (Tg) level and tumor detectability. Subject and methods: We analyzed the scans of 122 patients (66 patients with proven tumor). The patient population was divided into groups with Tg above (N = 33) and below (N = 33) 5 ng/ml under TSH suppression or above (N = 33) and below (N = 33) 50 ng/ml under TSH stimulation. Tumor detectability was compared by ROC-analysis (True-Positive-Fraction test, specificity 90%). Results: There was no significant difference (sensitivity 75% versus 64%; p = 0.55) for patients above and below 5 ng/ml under TSH suppression and a just significant difference (sensitivity 80% versus 58%; p = 0.04) for patients above and below 50 ng/ml under TSH stimulation. In 18 patients from our sample with tumor, Tg under TSH suppression was negative, but 201-TICI-scan was able to detect tumor in 12 patients. Conclusion: Our results demonstrate only a moderate dependence of tumor detectability on Tg level, probably without significant clinical relevance. Even in patients with slight Tg elevation 201-TICI scintigraphy is justified.

Parent’s Experiences from the Treatment of their Children at the Physic Children’s Surgery Clinic in Skopje.

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Trajchevska ◽  
A. Lleshi ◽  
S. Gjoshev ◽  
A. Trajchevski
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Independent Predictor ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Parental Satisfaction ◽  
Pediatric Care ◽  
Simple Random Sample ◽  
Significant Independent Predictor ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: The respect of the needs and wishes of the patients is in the focus of the human health system. The experience of the parents in terms of child’s health care may be used as an indicator of quality of the health care. Material and methods: The research is a quantitative analytical cross-sectional study. In accordance with the inclusion and exclusion criteria, simple random sample of 207 parents / guardians is covered, whose children in the period of three months, had been hospitalized in the hospital department JZUU Pediatric Surgery Clinic in Skopje.It was used a two parted questionnaire. The first part is a standardized questionnaire (Parent Experience of Pediatric Care - PECP), and the second part concerns the general socio-demographic data of the parent/guardian. Statistical evaluation was performed using appropriate statistical programs (Statistics for Windows 7,0 and SPSS 17.0). Results: In accordance with the age of the parents, the survey respondents were divided into two groups: a) age ≤ 33 years - 107 (51.69%) and b) age> 33 years - 100 (48.31%).Significant independent predictor of parental satisfaction from the receipt of their child to the clinic research confirms the age of the parent under / over 33 years due to 4.1% of the change in satisfaction (R2 = 0,041). Parents generally believe that their children's room of the clinic is "good", without significant difference between parental satisfaction from both age groups (Mann-Whitney U Test Z = -0,9613 p = 0,3364). Significant independent predictor of parental satisfaction from the room of their child improves the health status after treatment due to 6% of the change in satisfaction (R2 = 0,060). Parents generally believe that testing and treatment of their children in the clinic was "very good" and an independent significant predictor is to improve the health status after the treatment - 7,8% (R2 = 0,078). Conclusions: Regardless of the generally good parental satisfaction about health care for their children, it is necessary to continuously monitor the status of the clinic in order to consider the possible deficiencies and needs of intervention.

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