Partitioning of diving effort in foraging trips of northern gannets

2004 ◽  
Vol 82 (12) ◽  
pp. 1910-1916 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sue Lewis ◽  
Silvano Benvenuti ◽  
Francis Daunt ◽  
Sarah Wanless ◽  
Luigi Dall'Antonia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Foraging Behavior ◽  
Initial Rate ◽  
Trip Duration ◽  
Foraging Strategies ◽  
Foraging Activity ◽  
Trip Time

Many species of seabirds are known to undertake foraging trips that vary in duration, lasting from a few hours up to several days. However, the important question of how individuals allocate their time during foraging trips of different durations has received relatively little attention until recently. Using activity loggers, we examined the foraging behavior of chick-rearing northern gannets, Morus bassanus (L., 1758), during trips of different durations, and tested predictions concerning how foraging activity varies across trips. There was no evidence of a relationship between dive frequency during the first 3 h of a trip and trip duration, suggesting that the decision to continue on a longer trip was not affected by an adult's initial rate of encounter with prey. Flight constituted approximately 50% of total trip time, and the dive rate of birds per daylight hour was apparently unaffected by trip duration. Birds dived at similar rates on the outward and return sections of their foraging trips, which suggests that they may have been "topping up" on food on their return. Overall our results suggest that, unlike other pelagic seabirds, northern gannets at the Bass Rock do not adjust their individual foraging strategies among trips of different durations.

scholarly journals Foraging behavior of major insect pollinators on pumpkin, Cucurbita moschata (Duch.ex Lam)

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 1208-1213
Author(s):  
Lalita Lalita ◽  
Yogesh Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Honey Bee ◽  
Foraging Behavior ◽  
Activity Period ◽  
Field Crop ◽  
Cucurbita Moschata ◽  
Foraging Activity ◽  
Peak Period ◽  
Insect Pollinators ◽  
Foraging Rate ◽  
The Mean

Foraging activity period of different honey bee species on C. moschata (C-1076) flowers at different day hours during August-September (2013) revealed that A. dorsata, A. mellifera, A. cerana and A. florea initiated their activity early in the morning at 0530, 0615, 0625 and 0630 h, respectively and stopped their activity at 1030, 1020, 1025 and 1030 h of the day, respectively while on C. moschata (C-1106, A. dorsata, A. mellifera, A. cerana and A. florea initiated their activity early in the morning at 0535, 0615, 0620 and 0625 h, respectively and ceased their activity at 1045, 1025, 1015 and 1040 h of the day, respectively. The mean foraging speed (time spent per flower) in seconds on flowers of pumpkin (C-1106) was maximum of A. florea (181.72), followed by A. mellifera (7.15), A. cerana (6.05) and A. dorsata spent least time (5.83) and in pumpkin (C-1076), foraging speed was maximum in case of A. florea (178.71), followed by A. mellifera (7.63), A. cerana (6.24) and A. dorsata spent least time (6.06). The mean foraging rate (flowers visited per minute) on flowers of pumpkin (C-1106) was maximum in case of A. dorsata (5.13), followed by A. cerana (4.30), A. mellifera (4.16) and A. florea visited least flower (0.32) and in pumpkin (C-1076), foraging rate was maximum in case of A. dorsata (4.96), followed by A. cerana (4.19), A. mellifera (4.02) and A. florea visited least flower (0.33). Present study advises the farmers that they should not apply the pesticide when the activityof honey bee is on the peak period because pesticides application at the time of bee activity in the field crop causes mortality of bees.

scholarly journals Foraging behavior of major insect pollinators on Pumpkin, Cucurbitamoschata (Duch.ex Lam)

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 1603-1607
Author(s):  
Lalita Lalita ◽  
Yogesh Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Honey Bee ◽  
Foraging Behavior ◽  
Activity Period ◽  
Field Crop ◽  
Foraging Activity ◽  
Peak Period ◽  
Insect Pollinators ◽  
Foraging Rate ◽  
The Mean

Foraging activity period of different honey bee species on C. moschata (C-1076) flowers at different day hours during August-September (2013) revealed that A. dorsata, A. mellifera, A. cerana and A. florea initiated their activity early in the morning at 0530, 0615, 0625 and 0630 h, respectively and stopped their activity at 1030, 1020, 1025 and 1030 h of the day, respectively while on C. moschata (C-1106, A. dorsata, A. mellifera, A. cerana and A. florea initiated their activity early in the morning at 0535, 0615, 0620 and 0625 h, respectively and ceased their activity at 1045, 1025, 1015 and 1040 h of the day, respectively. The mean foraging speed (time spent per flower) in seconds on flowers of pumpkin (C-1106) was maximum of A. florea (181.72), followed by A. mellifera (7.15), A. cerana (6.05) and A. dorsata spent least time (5.83) and in pumpkin (C-1076), foraging speed was maximum in case of A. florea (178.71), followed by A. mellifera (7.63), A. cerana (6.24) and A. dorsata spent least time (6.06). The mean foraging rate (flowers visited per minute) on flowers of pumpkin (C-1106) was maximum in case of A. dorsata (5.13), followed by A. cerana (4.30), A. mellifera (4.16) and A. florea visited least flower (0.32) and in pumpkin (C-1076), foraging rate was maximum in case of A. dorsata (4.96), followed by A. cerana (4.19), A. mellifera (4.02) and A. florea visited least flower (0.33). Present study advises the farmers that they should not apply the pesticide when the activity of honey bee is on the peak period because pesticides application at the time of bee activity in the field crop causes mortality of bees.

Rhythms in Foraging Behavior and Expression Patterns of the Foraging Gene in Solenopsis invicta (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in relation to Photoperiod

2019 ◽  
Vol 112 (6) ◽  
pp. 2923-2930 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanyuan Lei ◽  
Yangyang Zhou ◽  
Lihua Lü ◽  
Yurong He
Keyword(s):  
Foraging Behavior ◽  
Solenopsis Invicta ◽  
Activity Rhythm ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Stable Phase ◽  
Red Imported Fire Ant ◽  
Foraging Activity ◽  
Reverse Transcription Quantitative Pcr ◽  
Foraging Gene ◽  
Solenopsis Invicta Buren

Abstract The foraging gene (for) is associated with foraging and other associated behaviors in social insect species. Photoperiod is known to entrain the rhythmic biological functions of ants; however, how photoperiod might influence the intensity and duration of foraging, and the expression of for, remains unexplored. This study determined the correlation between rhythm in foraging behavior and expression of the foraging gene (Sifor) mRNA in red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta Buren. Foragers were exposed to three photoperiod conditions (12:12 [L:D], 24:0 [L:D], and 0:24 [L:D]) in the laboratory and foraging activities were recorded using a video-computer recording system. Sifor expression in the foragers was tested using real-time reverse-transcription quantitative PCR. Results revealed that foraging activity rhythm and Sifor expression profile were unimodal under all three photoperiod conditions. Levels of foraging activity were associated with photoperiodic modification, a stable phase difference between the onset of activity and the onset of gene expression was discovered. Light-dark transients stimulated foraging activity in 12:12 (L:D). There were significant daily oscillations (amplitude of 0.21 ± 0.08 for 12:12 [L:D], 0.12 ± 0.02 for 24:0 [L:D], and 0.09 ± 0.01 for 0:24 [L:D]) in the expression of Sifor. A positive relationship (r = 0.5903, P < 0.01) was found between the expression level of Sifor and foraging activity, which indicated that Sifor is linked to some extent to foraging behavior. Our results demonstrated that foragers could adjust the rhythms in foraging behavior according to light–dark cycle and suggested that Sifor may play an important role in the response of S. invicta to photoperiod.

scholarly journals Patterns of foraging activity and fidelity in a southeast Asian flying fox

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elodie Schloesing ◽  
Rémi Chambon ◽  
Annelise Tran ◽  
Kinley Choden ◽  
Sébastien Ravon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Foraging Behavior ◽  
Animal Movement ◽  
Foraging Ecology ◽  
Nipah Virus ◽  
Food Resource ◽  
Habitat Type ◽  
Pathogen Transmission ◽  
Foraging Activity ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Fruit Bat

Abstract Background Improved understanding of the foraging ecology of bats in the face of ongoing habitat loss and modification worldwide is essential to their conservation and maintaining the substantial ecosystem services they provide. It is also fundamental to assessing potential transmission risks of zoonotic pathogens in human-wildlife interfaces. We evaluated the influence of environmental and behavioral variables on the foraging patterns of Pteropus lylei (a reservoir of Nipah virus) in a heterogeneous landscape in Cambodia. Methods We employed an approach based on animal-movement modeling, which comprised a path-segmentation method (hidden Markov model) to identify individual foraging-behavior sequences in GPS data generated by eight P. lylei. We characterized foraging localities, foraging activity, and probability of returning to a given foraging locality over consecutive nights. Generalized linear mixed models were also applied to assess the influence of several variables including proxies for energetic costs and quality of foraging areas. Results Bats performed few foraging bouts (area-restricted searches) during a given night, mainly in residential areas, and the duration of these decreased during the night. The probability of a bat revisiting a given foraging area within 48 h varied according to the duration previously spent there, its distance to the roost site, and the corresponding habitat type. We interpret these fine-scale patterns in relation to global habitat quality (including food-resource quality and predictability), habitat-familiarity and experience of each individual. Conclusions Our study provides evidence that heterogeneous human-made environments may promote complex patterns of foraging-behavior and short-term re-visitation in fruit bat species that occur in such landscapes. This highlights the need for similarly detailed studies to understand the processes that maintain biodiversity in these environments and assess the potential for pathogen transmission in human-wildlife interfaces.

scholarly journals Provisioning Rate and Attendance Patterns of Wandering Albatrosses at Bird Island, South Georgia

The Condor ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 103 (2) ◽  
pp. 230-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon D. Berrow ◽  
John P. Croxall
Keyword(s):  
Foraging Behavior ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Work Rate ◽  
Meal Size ◽  
Trip Duration ◽  
Foraging Patterns ◽  
South Georgia ◽  
Diomedea Exulans ◽  
Attendance Patterns ◽  
Provisioning Rate

Abstract We investigated foraging behavior of Wandering Albatrosses (Diomedea exulans) breeding at South Georgia to assess how sex and season-specific foraging patterns relate to provisioning performance. We estimated Wandering Albatross chicks require 60–65 kg of food over the chick-rearing period; males deliver 54% of this total. Meal size delivered by both sexes remained essentially constant throughout the post-brooding chick-rearing period, but foraging trip duration varied considerably. Females made consistently longer foraging trips and delivered smaller meals but transported an average load that was 20% heavier in proportion to their body mass than males. We suggest that chick-rearing places greater demands on females compared with males and Wandering Albatrosses work hard to deliver food during the first half of chick rearing (at the expense of their own condition), thereafter reduce their work rate, presumably so as not to compromise their survival.

scholarly journals Arithmetic-Like Reasoning in Wild Vervet Monkeys: A Demonstration of Cost-Benefit Calculation in Foraging

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sayaka Tsutsumi ◽  
Tomokazu Ushitani ◽  
Kazuo Fujita
Keyword(s):  
Foraging Behavior ◽  
Empirical Data ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Uniform Method ◽  
Foraging Strategies ◽  
Vervet Monkeys ◽  
Field Technique ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Different Levels

Arithmetic-like reasoning has been demonstrated in various animals in captive and seminatural environments, but it is unclear whether such competence is practiced in the wild. Using a hypothetical foraging paradigm, we demonstrate that wild vervet monkeys spontaneously adjust their “foraging behavior” deploying arithmetic-like reasoning. Presented with arithmetic-like problems in artificially controlled feeding conditions, all the monkeys tested attempted to retrieve “artificial prey” according to the quantity of the remainder when the task involved one subtraction only (i.e., “2−1”), while one monkey out of four did so when it was sequentially subtracted twice (i.e., “2−1−1”). This monkey also adjusted his “foraging behavior” according to the quantity of the reminder for a task requiring stepwise mental manipulation (i.e., “(2−1)−1”), though the results became less evident. This suggests that vervet monkeys are capable of spontaneously deploying mental manipulations of numerosity for cost-benefit calculation of foraging but that the extent of such capacity varies among individuals. Different foraging strategies might be deployed according to different levels of mental manipulation capacity in each individual in a given population. In addition to providing empirical data, the current study provides an easily adaptable field technique that would allow comparison across taxa and habitat using a uniform method.

Example Three: Temporal Patterns in Limpet Foraging

2020 ◽  
pp. 73-85
Keyword(s):  
Foraging Behavior ◽  
Time Scales ◽  
Intertidal Zone ◽  
Dynamic State ◽  
Foraging Activity ◽  
State Variable ◽  
Model Animal ◽  
Energy Assimilation ◽  
Slow Passage ◽  
Short Time

This chapter presents a third example application of state- and prediction-based theory (SPT), again involving a behavior originally modeled via dynamic state variable modeling (DSVM). This example also addresses animal foraging, this time a choice of foraging activity. In this case, physiology has more important and interesting effects on behavior: the model animal, like many herbivores, can consume food relatively rapidly but does not assimilate its energy until the food's rather slow passage through a long gut. This leads to uncoupling of foraging behavior and energy assimilation on short time scales. The example is based directly on the DSVM analysis by Santini et al. of foraging behavior in the limpet Cella grata, which feeds by scraping rocks in the intertidal zone.

A Motographic Analysis of Foraging Behaviour in Intertidal Chitons (Acanthopleura Spp.)

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 759-769 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Santini ◽  
P. Della Santina ◽  
G. Chelazzi
Keyword(s):  
Foraging Behaviour ◽  
Caribbean Sea ◽  
Western Indian Ocean ◽  
Temporal Organization ◽  
Foraging Strategies ◽  
Foraging Activity ◽  
Feeding Sites ◽  
Permanent Home ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Feeding Grounds

The behaviour of two intertidal chitons (Mollusca: Polyplacophora) from the western Indian Ocean (Acanthopleura gemmata and A. brevispinosa) and one from the Caribbean Sea (A. granulata) were analyzed in order to assess the spatial and temporal organization of their foraging activity. Individual paths were recorded in the field using a motographic method based on LED-tracking and the speed variation during each excursion used to reveal the places where the animals slowed down or stopped for the purpose of grazing. Foraging segments of each trajectory were selected according to a threshold speed which was individually calibrated. The three species of Acanthopleura exhibited graded foraging strategies of different spatial complexity. Acanthopleura gemmata focused its foraging on a few large feeding sites well separated from its permanent home. Acanthopleura brevispinosa exploited more subdivided feeding grounds not distinctly separated from its rest area. Acanthopleura granulata spreads its grazing activity over many small segments, throughout each excursion. Due to different tidal and diel constraints on their activity the three species allocated different absolute time to foraging, but the fraction of time spent foraging relative to the total excursion was similar in each.

scholarly journals Unravelling the foraging behavior of the southern stingray, Hypanus americanus (Myliobatiformes: Dasyatidae) in a Southwestern Atlantic MPA

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Renato H. A. Freitas ◽  
Aline A. Aguiar ◽  
Ana Karina C. H. A. Freitas ◽  
Sergio M. Q. Lima ◽  
Jean L. Valentin
Keyword(s):  
Foraging Behavior ◽  
Tidal Cycle ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Foraging Strategies ◽  
Ontogenetic Shift ◽  
Southwestern Atlantic ◽  
Environmental Stimulus ◽  
Management Plans ◽  
Fernando De Noronha

ABSTRACT Previous study suggested that the southern stingray (Hypanus americanus) displays a marked ontogenetic shift in its habitat use in the Fernando de Noronha Archipelago (FNA), an attractive touristic spot in Brazil, that could be associated with changes in its feeding habits and foraging strategies. Here, we conducted underwater visual surveys (~100 h a 3 years’ study) at this site to describe the foraging behavior of the same species in details and to assess diel patterns in activity. We observed that H. americanus is capable of several complex and highly plastic behaviors (we described more than 21 of them) while foraging. The foraging events’ timing appears to be related to the size (as well as sex) of the stingrays, environment and depth. In addition, our results support a segregation of habitat mediated by the size and sex of the stingrays, but it is able to modulate its foraging repertoire based mainly on environmental stimulus. Finally, we found that H. americanus forage intermittently throughout the day and tidal cycle, yet are less active during non-crepuscular periods and at flood and ebb tides. These results, coupled with the fact that the species uses both reef and beach environments, should be considered by decision makers in management plans.

scholarly journals Hunting by the Stroke: How Foraging Drives Diving Behavior and Locomotion of East-Greenland Narwhals (Monodon monoceros)

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Outi M. Tervo ◽  
Susanne Ditlevsen ◽  
Manh C. Ngô ◽  
Nynne H. Nielsen ◽  
Susanna B. Blackwell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Foraging Behavior ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Foraging Strategies ◽  
Diving Behavior ◽  
Breath Holding ◽  
Excess Oxygen ◽  
East Greenland ◽  
Deep Diving ◽  
Monodon Monoceros

Deep diving air-breathing species by necessity must balance submergence time and level of exercise during breath-holding: a low activity level preserves oxygen stores and allows longer duration submergence whereas high activity levels consume oxygen quickly and shorten submergence time. In this study, we combined high-resolution multi sensor animal-borne tag data to investigate diving behavior and locomotion styles of the narwhal (Monodon monoceros) (n = 13, mean record length 91 h)–a deep diving Arctic species. Narwhals in this study dove down to >800 m but despite the deep diving abilities, one-third of the dives (33%) were shallow (>100 m) and short in duration (<5 min). Narwhals utilized energy saving measures such as prolonged gliding during descent with increasing target depth but stroked actively throughout the ascent indicating excess oxygen storages. Foraging behavior, as detected by the presence of buzzes, was a key factor influencing dive depth and spinning behavior—the rolling movement of the animal along its longitudinal axes. Narwhals in East Greenland utilized two foraging strategies, while transiting and while stationary, with different target depths and buzzing rates. The first targeted deep-dwelling, possibly solitary prey items and the latter, more schooling prey closer to the surface. The buzzing rate during stationary foraging was on average twice as high as during transiting foraging. Spinning was an integrated part of narwhal swimming behavior but the amount of spinning was correlated with foraging behavior. The odds for spinning during all dive phases were 2–3 times higher during foraging than non-foraging. Due to the spinning behavior, stroking rate might be better suited for estimating energy consumption in narwhals than ODBA (overall dynamic body acceleration). The narwhal is considered as one of the most sensitive species to climate change–the results from this study can act as a baseline essential for evaluating changes in the behavior and energy usage of narwhals caused by stressors evolving in the Arctic.

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