The role of season, habitat, host age, and sex on gill parasites of Lepomis gibbosus (L.)

1978 ◽  
Vol 56 (6) ◽  
pp. 1247-1250 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Hanek ◽  
C. H. Fernando
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Period ◽  
Parasite Load ◽  
Seasonal Effect ◽  
Lepomis Gibbosus ◽  
Host Age ◽  
West Lake ◽  
Prince Edward County ◽  
Host Sex ◽  
Gill Parasites ◽  
Age And Sex

One thousand and forty pumpkinseeds (Lepomis gibbosus (L.)) were collected from May 1970 through October 1972 from the Bay of Quinte, Ontario. Also, 1018 specimens of the same host were collected during the same sampling period from West Lake, Prince Edward County, Ontario.Data were collected on three groups of gill parasites, Monogenea (seven species), Copepoda (three species), and glochidia (one species). The data, treated synecologically, were analysed using a two-factor ANOVA and Duncan's multiple range test. The roles of season, habitat, host age, and sex on parasite load were analysed. Host sex was found to have no effect on the three groups of parasites. The abundance of parasites increased with host age (P < 0.001). A marked seasonal effect was noted for all three groups of parasites (P < 0.001), all three being most abundant during the summer period. A eutrophic habitat, West Lake, was found significantly more favourable (P < 0.001) for all three parasitic groups.

The role of season, habitat, host age, and sex on gill parasites of Ambloplites rupestris (Raf.)

1978 ◽  
Vol 56 (6) ◽  
pp. 1251-1253 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Hanek ◽  
C. H. Fernando
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Period ◽  
Parasite Load ◽  
Seasonal Effect ◽  
Host Age ◽  
West Lake ◽  
Prince Edward County ◽  
Gill Parasites ◽  
Ambloplites Rupestris ◽  
Age And Sex

One thousand and forty-five rock bass (Ambloplites rupestis (Raf.)) were collected from May 1970 through October 1972 from the Bay of Quinte, Ontario. During the same sampling period, 1043 specimens of the same host were collected from West Lake, Prince Edward County, Ontario.Data were collected on three groups of gill parasites, Monogenea (four species), Copepoda (three species), and glochidia (one species). The data, treated synecologically, were analysed using a two-factor ANOVA and Duncan's multiple range test. The roles of season, habitat, host age, and sex on parasite load were analysed.Host sex was found to have no effect on the three groups of parasites. The abundance of parasites increased with host age (P < 0.001). A marked seasonal effect was noted for all three groups of parasites (P < 0.001). A eutrophic habitat, West Lake, was found significantly more favourable (P < 0.001) for Monogenea, while an oligotrophic habitat, Glenora, was clearly more favourable (P < 0.001) for Copepoda.

Host location, survival and fecundity of the Oriental rat flea Xenopsylla cheopis (Siphonaptera: Pulicidae) in relation to black rat Rattus rattus (Rodentia: Muridae) host age and sex

2002 ◽  
Vol 92 (5) ◽  
pp. 375-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Mears ◽  
F. Clark ◽  
M. Greenwood ◽  
K.S. Larsen
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Rattus Rattus ◽  
Host Choice ◽  
Host Age ◽  
Xenopsylla Cheopis ◽  
Black Rat ◽  
Host Seeking ◽  
Host Sex ◽  
Host Behaviour ◽  
Age And Sex

AbstractHost choice and fecundity are two factors that may contribute to the variation in flea counts observed when assessing the potential risk of flea-borne transmission of pathogens from rodents to humans. Using the black rat, Rattus rattus Linnaeus, as host the effects of age and sex on host choice and fecundity of the Oriental rat flea, Xenopsylla cheopis Rothschild, were examined experimentally at 25°C and 80% rh. During the first two days of emergence from cocoons, female fleas dominated the sex ratio by 4:1 but from the third day onwards this switched to a male-dominated sex ratio of 4:1. The sex of the flea did not influence their host-seeking behaviour. Newly emerged fleas of both sexes were not influenced by the rat‘s presence and at seven days old both sexes demonstrated similar levels of attraction toward the rat host. The sex of the rat did not affect flea host-seeking behaviour. There was a 50–70% decline in the initial number of adult fleas during the first week after their release onto a rat host, and this decline was greatest on juvenile rats. Flea fecundity was also significantly lower on juvenile rat hosts but no differences due to the sex of the rat were observed. This experimental study supports the hypothesis that differences in flea count due to host sex, reported in field surveys, result from sexual differences in host behaviour and not from discriminatory host-seeking behaviour by X. cheopis. Differences in flea count due to host age may be affected by differences in X. cheopis fecundity, which may itself be mediated by host behaviour such as grooming.

Seasonal dynamics and spatial distribution of Urocleidus ferox Mueller 1934, a gill parasite of Lepomis gibbosus (L.)

1978 ◽  
Vol 56 (6) ◽  
pp. 1241-1243 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Hanek ◽  
C. H. Fernando
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Seasonal Dynamics ◽  
Sampling Period ◽  
Lepomis Gibbosus ◽  
West Lake ◽  
Gill Parasite ◽  
Anterior Side

Seasonal dynamics and spatial distribution were determined for Urocleidus ferox Mueller 1934, a gill parasite of Lepomis gibbosus (L.). Twenty-five specimens of L. gibbosus from eutrophic (West Lake) and 25 specimens from oligotrophic (Glenora) habitats were examined monthly between November 1971 and October 1972.The data were analysed using a two-factor ANOVA and Duncan's multiple range test.High abundance levels of U. ferox were recorded in both localities throughout the sampling period. The peak was reached in July 1972 and the lowest levels recorded in November 1971 in both localities. The eutrophic habitat, West Lake, was significantly (P < 0.001) more favourable for U. ferox than the oligotrophic one, viz. Glenora.The anterior side of hemibranchs and their medial sections were preferred sites of infection (P < 0.001); gill arches two and three were found to be preferred sites of infection (P < 0.001) for U. ferox.

Influence of the age and sex of human hosts on the distribution of Escherichia coli ECOR groups and virulence traits

Microbiology ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 151 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M. Gordon ◽  
Steven E. Stern ◽  
Peter J. Collignon
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Group Membership ◽  
Host Age ◽  
Significant Evidence ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Virulence Traits ◽  
Host Sex ◽  
Group A ◽  
Ecor Group ◽  
Age And Sex

Escherichia coli were isolated from the faeces of 266 individuals living in the Canberra region of Australia. The isolates were characterized for their ECOR group membership (A, B1, B2 or D) and for the presence of 29 virulence-associated traits. Overall, 19·5 % of the strains were members of group A, 12·4 % B1, 45·1 % B2 and 22·9 % D. The frequency with which strains belonging to the four ECOR groups were observed varied with the age and sex of the hosts from which they were isolated. In males, the probability of isolating A or D strains increased with host age, whilst the probability of detecting a group B2 strain declined. In females, the probability of recovering A or B2 strains increased with increasing host age and there was a concomitant decline in the likelihood of isolating B1 or D strains. Of the 29 virulence-associated traits examined, 24 were detected in more than one strain. The likelihood of detecting most traits varied with a strain's ECOR membership, with the exception of afa/draBC, astA, cvaC, eaeA, iss and iutA, for which there was no statistically significant evidence of an association with ECOR group. The frequency with which fimH, iha, eaeA, iroN, hlyD, iss, ompT and K1 were detected in a strain depended on the age or sex of the host from which the strain was isolated. In group B2 strains many of the virulence traits were non-randomly associated, with some co-occurring in a strain less often than expected by chance, whilst others were co-associated. In 17 cases, the extent to which two virulence traits were co-associated was found to depend on host sex and age. The results of this study suggest that the morphological, physiological and dietary differences that occur among human individuals of different sex or age may influence the distribution of E. coli genotypes.

scholarly journals Gastrointestinal digeneans (Platyhelminthes: Trematoda) of horseshoe and vesper bats (Chiroptera: Rhinolophidae and Vespertilionidae) in Serbia

2017 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ž. Horvat ◽  
B. Čabrilo ◽  
M. Paunović ◽  
B. Karapandža ◽  
J. Jovanović ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parasite Load ◽  
Host Age ◽  
Parasite Abundance ◽  
Rhinolophus Ferrumequinum ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Digenean Species ◽  
Host Sex ◽  
Quantitative Analyses ◽  
First Time ◽  
Nyctalus Noctula

Summary The qualitative and quantitative analyses of the digenean fauna of bats were conducted for the first time in Serbia. The sample comprised of 118 individuals of 12 bat species (Rhinolophus ferrumequinum, Myotis mystacinus, M. alcathoe, M. brandtii, M. oxygnathus, M. myotis, Hypsugo savii, Pipistrellus pipistrellus, P. nathusii, Plecotus auritus, P. austriacus and Nyctalus noctula) collected from 15 sites throughout Serbia. Six digenean species were identified: Lecithodendrium linstowi, Plagiorchis sp., Prosthodendrium longiforme, P. chilostomum, P. parvouterus and Mesotretes peregrinus. The helminths were recorded from 35 individual hosts (29.7 %). The species Lecithodendrium linstowi infected the highest percentage of hosts (19.5 %), with a mean abundance of 4.6. GLM analysis of exploratory factors showed that host species and host sex had a significant influence on parasite load, while locality and host age did not influence parasite abundance. No evidence of zoonotic species was found.

Abundance and Population Dynamics of Parasites Infecting Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) in Trout Brook, New Brunswick, Canada

1975 ◽  
Vol 32 (11) ◽  
pp. 2069-2074 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. M. Hare ◽  
M. D. B. Burt
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Seasonal Abundance ◽  
Host Age ◽  
Intensity Of Infection ◽  
Annual Cycles ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
Host Sex ◽  
Age And Sex

Ten species of parasites (8 helminth, 1 annelid, 1 mollusc) were collected from 375 juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in Trout Brook, N.B., during May–November 1970 and 1971. The most commonly occurring parasites were the monogenean Discocotyle sagittata (infecting 37.7% of the fish examined), the digenean Crepidostomum farionis (40.5%), the nematode Sterliadochona tenuissima (97.9%), and a glochidium (32.0%). Intensity of infection (mean number of parasites for all fish examined) of C. farionis and S. tenuissima was independent of host age and sex, and of D. sagittata was independent of age, but male salmon were more heavily infected than females. The intensity of infection of these parasites showed no interactions between host age and season nor between host sex and season. The abundance of the parasites showed marked seasonal changes: D. sagittata was most abundant in summer and autumn, C. farionis and S. tenuissima were most abundant in spring, and the glochidium was most abundant in autumn. Relationships between changes in parasite maturation and in seasonal abundance indicated annual cycles of infection.

Host behaviour, age and sex correlate with ectoparasite prevalence and intensity in a colonial mammal, the little brown bat

Behaviour ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 152 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quinn M.R. Webber ◽  
Liam P. McGuire ◽  
Steven B. Smith ◽  
Craig K.R. Willis
Keyword(s):  
Pathogen Transmission ◽  
Myotis Lucifugus ◽  
Physical Contact ◽  
Wildlife Diseases ◽  
Colonial Species ◽  
Host Seeking ◽  
Host Sex ◽  
Little Brown Bat ◽  
Host Behaviour ◽  
Age And Sex

The influence of behaviour on host-parasite dynamics has theoretical support but few empirical studies have examined this influence for wild-captured hosts, especially in colonial species, which are thought to face generally high risk of exposure. Behavioural tendencies of hosts in novel environments could mediate host exposure. We tested the hypothesis that behavioural tendencies of hosts, and host sex and age, correlate with prevalence and intensity of ectoparasites in a gregarious mammal, the little brown bat (Myotis lucifugus). We also tested whether relationships between host behaviour and parasite prevalence and intensity would vary between taxa of ectoparasites which differ in host-seeking behaviour. We predicted that individual hosts displaying active and explorative behaviours would have higher prevalence and intensity of parasites that depend on physical contact among hosts for transmission (mites) but that host behaviour would not influence prevalence and intensity of mobile ectoparasites with active host-seeking behaviour (fleas). We recorded behavioural responses of wild-captured bats in a novel-environment test and then sampled each individual for ectoparasites. After accounting for age and sex we found mixed support for our hypotheses in some but not all demographics. More active adult and young of the year (YOY) males were more likely to host mites while more active adult and YOY females were less likely to host fleas. Our results highlight possible differences in the influence of host and parasite behaviour on parasite transmission dynamics for colonial compared to non-colonial species and have conservation implications for understanding pathogen transmission in bat white-nose syndrome and other wildlife diseases.

scholarly journals The epidemiology of Sarcocystis spp. in cattle of Western Australia

1992 ◽  
Vol 108 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Savini ◽  
J. D. Dunsmore ◽  
I. D. Robertson ◽  
P. Seneviratna
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
Host Age ◽  
Semiarid Regions ◽  
Sex Influence ◽  
Sarcocystis Spp ◽  
Artificial Digestion ◽  
Management Factors ◽  
Arid And Semiarid ◽  
Age And Sex

SUMMARYOesophagus samples from 714 cattle from Western Australia were examined by artificial digestion to detect the presence of Sarcocystis spp. The overall prevalence of infection was 52%. The prevalence of infection increased with age and was highest in the entire males (92%). The prevalence was lower in cattle which originated from arid and semiarid regions (9 and 31% respectively) than those from tropical (87%) and temperate (60%) regions. possible reasons for these differences are discussed and it is concluded that environmental and management factors as well as host age and sex influence the prevalence of infection with Sarcocystis spp. in cattle.

Helminth parasites of Jamaican anoles (Reptilia: Iguanidae): variation in prevalence and intensity with host age and sex in a population of Anolis lineatopus

Parasitology ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 94 (2) ◽  
pp. 399-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Vogel ◽  
D. A. P. Bundy
Keyword(s):  
Direct Relationship ◽  
Helminth Parasite ◽  
Infection Prevalence ◽  
Helminth Parasites ◽  
Host Age ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Low Prevalence ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Age And Sex

SUMMARYThe Jamaican iguanid lizard Anolis lineatopus is the host of 4 species of helminth parasite: an acanthocephalan (Centrorhynchus spinosus), a digenean (Mesocoelium danforthi), and 2 nematodes (Cyrtosumum scelopori and Thelandros (?cubensis). Prevalance of C. spinosus was unrelated to host age but was considerably higher in males (43%) than in females (10%). The intensity increased with host age: (range: 1–23, median: 3). Prevalence of C. scelopori increased with host age in both sexes: juveniles (<3 months) were uninfected while infection occurred in almost all lizards older than 9 months. Intensity was higher in males (range: 1–403, median: 158) than in females (range: 1–297, median: 86). The infection patterns of C. spinosus and C. scelopori differed significantly from each other and were not consistent with a simplistic direct relationship between time of exposure and infection prevalence. Acanthocephalan and digenean infections occurred at low prevalence and intensity although prevalence in older, larger lizards tended to be higher than in younger, smaller ones.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii among sylvatic rodents in Poland

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maciej Grzybek ◽  
Daniela Antolová ◽  
Katarzyna Tołkacz ◽  
Mohammed Alsarraf ◽  
Jolanta Behnke-Borowczyk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Rodent Species ◽  
Myodes Glareolus ◽  
Host Age ◽  
Bank Voles ◽  
Vole Species ◽  
Age And Sex

ABSTRACTToxoplasma gondii is a significant pathogen affecting humans and animals. We conducted seromonitoring for T. gondii in four sylvatic rodent species in Poland. We report an overall seroprevalence of 5.5% (3.6% for Myodes glareolus and 20% for other vole species). Seroprevalence in bank voles varied significantly between host age and sex.

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