Circadian activity of the white sucker, Catostomus commersoni: comparison of individual and shoaling fish

1980 ◽  
Vol 58 (8) ◽  
pp. 1399-1403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Kavaliers
Keyword(s):  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Circadian Rhythms ◽  
Social Organization ◽  
Constant Darkness ◽  
White Sucker ◽  
Circadian Period ◽  
Circadian Activity ◽  
Catostomus Commersoni ◽  
Free Running ◽  
Precise Version

Individual and shoaling white suckers, Catostomus commersoni, displayed free running circadian rhythms of locomotor activity under conditions of constant darkness and temperature. The circadian activity of shoals was different from that of single fish. The activity of single fish was rhythmic initially with a period of less than 24 h, but became arrhythmic after 15–30 days. Shoals of white suckers had a less variable circadian period that was greater than 24 h, and showed no evidence of arrhythmicity. The circadian activity of shoals is determined by its behavioural and social organization; it is not simply a more precise version of the activity of single fish.

Behavioral and neurochemical sources of variability of circadian period and phase: studies of circadian rhythms of npy−/− mice

2007 ◽  
Vol 292 (3) ◽  
pp. R1306-R1314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Harrington ◽  
Penny Molyneux ◽  
Stephanie Soscia ◽  
Cheruba Prabakar ◽  
Judy McKinley-Brewer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Circadian Rhythms ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Circadian Period ◽  
Running Wheel ◽  
Clock Period ◽  
A Value ◽  
Free Running ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Delayed Phase

The cycle length or period of the free-running rhythm is a key characteristic of circadian rhythms. In this study we verify prior reports that locomotor activity patterns and running wheel access can alter the circadian period, and we report that these treatments also increase variability of the circadian period between animals. We demonstrate that the loss of a neurochemical, neuropeptide Y (NPY), abolishes these influences and reduces the interindividual variability in clock period. These behavioral and environmental influences, from daily distribution of peak locomotor activity and from access to a running wheel, both act to push the mean circadian period to a value < 24 h. Magnitude of light-induced resetting is altered as well. When photoperiod was abruptly changed from a 18:6-h light-dark cycle (LD18:6) to LD6:18, mice deficient in NPY were slower to respond to the change in photoperiod by redistribution of their activity within the prolonged dark and eventually adopted a delayed phase angle of entrainment compared with controls. These results support the hypothesis that nonphotic influences on circadian period serve a useful function when animals must respond to abruptly changing photoperiods and point to the NPYergic pathway from the intergeniculate leaflet innervating the suprachiasmatic nucleus as a circuit mediating these effects.

Effects of daily melatonin injections on activity rhythms of rats in constant light

1987 ◽  
Vol 253 (1) ◽  
pp. R101-R107 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Chesworth ◽  
V. M. Cassone ◽  
S. M. Armstrong
Keyword(s):  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Saline Solution ◽  
Constant Light ◽  
Constant Darkness ◽  
Circadian Activity ◽  
Activity Rhythms ◽  
Melatonin Administration ◽  
Free Running ◽  
Circadian Patterns ◽  
Phase Relationships

Although from pinealectomy studies the pineal body does not appear to participate in the generation of circadian rhythms of mammals, daily injections of the pineal hormone melatonin entrain free-running locomotor activity rhythms of rats in constant darkness. The aim of the present study was to determine whether rats whose circadian activity and drinking rhythms were disrupted in constant light (LL) could be synchronized by daily melatonin administration. Rats were subjected to a regime of gradually increasing photoperiod until they were maintained in LL. Rats whose rhythms became disrupted or showed intact free-running rhythms were injected daily with either melatonin (1 mg/kg) or vehicle (ethanol-saline) solution. Daily melatonin injections either synchronized or partly synchronized disrupted circadian patterns of activity. In contrast to previous findings from experiments conducted in constant darkness, melatonin did not entrain but only partly synchronized intact free-running rhythms. Results are interpreted in terms of melatonin acting on the coupling or phase relationships between oscillators generating circadian locomotor activity rhythms.

A circadian rhythm in the locomotive behaviour of the giant garden slug Limax maximus

1977 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-64
Author(s):  
P. G. Sokolove ◽  
C. M. Beiswanger ◽  
D. J. Prior ◽  
A. Gelperin
Keyword(s):  
Circadian Rhythm ◽  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Phase Angle ◽  
Circadian Rhythmicity ◽  
Constant Darkness ◽  
Light Cycle ◽  
Circadian Activity ◽  
Locomotor Rhythm ◽  
Activity Peak ◽  
Limax Maximus

The locomotor activity of the garden slug Limax maximus was examined for components of circadian rhythmicity. Behavioural (running wheel) studies clearly demonstrated that the activity satisfies the principal criteria of circadian rhythmicity. In constant darkness at a constant temperature, the locomotor activity freeran with a period of about 24 h (range 23-6-24-6 h). The rhythm was also expressed in constant light with a period for individual slugs that tended to be shorter in LL than in DD. The period of the rhythm was temperature compensated (11–5-21-5 degrees C) with a Q10 approximately equal to 1–00. The locomotor rhythm could be entrained to 24 h LD cycles such that the circadian activity peak occurred during the dark. The phase angle between the onset of activity and lights-off was not fixed, but was a function of the photoperiod of the entraining light cycle.

Organization of rat circadian rhythms during daily infusion of melatonin or S20098, a melatonin agonist

1999 ◽  
Vol 277 (3) ◽  
pp. R812-R828 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Pitrosky ◽  
R. Kirsch ◽  
A. Malan ◽  
E. Mocaer ◽  
P. Pevet
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Circadian Rhythms ◽  
Phase Response Curve ◽  
Constant Darkness ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
General Activity ◽  
Activity Peak ◽  
Free Running ◽  
Wheel Activity ◽  
Free Running Period

Daily administration of melatonin or S20098, a melatonin agonist, is known to entrain the free-running circadian rhythms of rats. The effects of the duration of administration on entrainment were studied. The animals demonstrated free-running circadian rhythms (running-wheel activity, body temperature, general activity) in constant darkness. Daily infusions of melatonin or S20098 for 1, 8, or 16 h entrained the circadian rhythms to 24 h. Two daily infusions of 1 h (separated by 8 h) entrained the activity peak within the shorter time interval. The entraining properties of melatonin and S20098 were similar and were affected neither by pinealectomy nor by infusion of 1- or 8-h duration. However, with 16-h infusion, less than half of the animals became entrained. Once entrained, the phase angle between the onset of infusion and the rhythms (onset of activity or acrophase of body temperature) increased with the duration of infusion. Before entrainment, the free-running period increased with the duration of infusion, an effect that was not predictable from the phase response curve.

Photic Response Parameters of Circadian Rhythms in The Spinifex Hopping Mouse, Notomys alexis.

1996 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
A.J.P. Francis ◽  
G.J. Coleman
Keyword(s):  
Circadian Rhythms ◽  
Phase Relations ◽  
Constant Light ◽  
Constant Darkness ◽  
Biological Clocks ◽  
Circadian Activity ◽  
Activity Rhythms ◽  
Controlled Conditions ◽  
Australian Native Rodent ◽  
Photic Response

Circadian rhythms are generated endogenously by biological clocks or &apos;pacemakers&apos;, which are responsive to significant environmental stimuli termed zeitgebers. Interactions between pacemakers and zeitgebers provide the basis for synchronisation by light-dark (LD) cycles, and the characteristics of each of these elements determines the phase-relations maintained between an animal&apos;s circadian activity rhythms and the natural temporal environment. We report here the basic photic response parameters for an Australian native rodent, Notomys alexis. Under controlled conditions of constant darkness or constant light, N. alexis were found to &apos;free-run&apos;, and with periods different from 24 hours. Under LD cycles N. alexis were strictly nocturnal although, compared to other rodents, entrainment to LD cycles was relatively unstable. This may indicate that N. alexis are not strongly dependent on the LD cycle as a zeitgeber.

scholarly journals Free-running circadian breathing rhythms are eliminated by suprachiasmatic nucleus lesion

2020 ◽  
Vol 129 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-57
Author(s):  
Benton S. Purnell ◽  
Gordon F. Buchanan
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Circadian Rhythms ◽  
Suprachiasmatic Nucleus ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Sudden Unexpected Death ◽  
Constant Darkness ◽  
Unexpected Death ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Free Running

It has long been appreciated that breathing is altered by time of day. This study demonstrates that rhythmicity in breathing persists in constant darkness but is dependent on the suprachiasmatic nucleus in the hypothalamus. Understanding circadian rhythms in breathing may be important for the treatment and prevention of diseases such as sleep apnea and sudden unexpected death in epilepsy.

scholarly journals Identification of Genes Contributing to a Long Circadian Period in Drosophila Melanogaster

2020 ◽  
pp. 074873042097594
Author(s):  
Shailesh Kumar ◽  
Ilker Tunc ◽  
Terry R. Tansey ◽  
Mehdi Pirooznia ◽  
Susan T. Harbison
Keyword(s):  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Genome Wide Association Study ◽  
Clock Genes ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Constant Darkness ◽  
Circadian Period ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Genetic Rescue ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Activity Behavior

The endogenous circadian period of animals and humans is typically very close to 24 h. Individuals with much longer circadian periods have been observed, however, and in the case of humans, these deviations have health implications. Previously, we observed a line of Drosophila with a very long average period of 31.3 h for locomotor activity behavior. Preliminary mapping indicated that the long period did not map to known canonical clock genes but instead mapped to multiple chromosomes. Using RNA-Seq, we surveyed the whole transcriptome of fly heads from this line across time and compared it with a wild-type control. A three-way generalized linear model revealed that approximately two-thirds of the genes were expressed differentially among the two genotypes, while only one quarter of the genes varied across time. Using these results, we applied algorithms to search for genes that oscillated over 24 h, identifying genes not previously known to cycle. We identified 166 differentially expressed genes that overlapped with a previous Genome-wide Association Study (GWAS) of circadian behavior, strongly implicating them in the long-period phenotype. We tested mutations in 45 of these genes for their effect on the circadian period. Mutations in Alk, alph, CG10089, CG42540, CG6034, Kairos ( CG6123), CG8768, klg, Lar, sick, and tinc had significant effects on the circadian period, with seven of these mutations increasing the circadian period of locomotor activity behavior. Genetic rescue of mutant Kairos restored the circadian period to wild-type levels, suggesting it has a critical role in determining period length in constant darkness.

Maternal-fetal communication of circadian phase in a precocious rodent, the spiny mouse

1987 ◽  
Vol 253 (4) ◽  
pp. E401-E409
Author(s):  
D. R. Weaver ◽  
S. M. Reppert
Keyword(s):  
Circadian Rhythms ◽  
Postnatal Period ◽  
Spiny Mouse ◽  
Constant Darkness ◽  
Suprachiasmatic Nuclei ◽  
Maternal Influences ◽  
Circadian Phase ◽  
Environmental Light ◽  
Running Activity ◽  
Free Running

The development of circadian rhythms was examined in a precocious rodent species, the spiny mouse. Spiny mouse pups born and reared in constant darkness expressed robust circadian rhythms in locomotor activity as early as day 5 of life. Free-running activity rhythms of pups born and reared in constant darkness were coordinated with the dam on the day of birth. Postnatal maternal influences on pup rhythmicity are minimal in this species, as pups fostered on the day of birth to dams whose circadian phases were opposite to the pups' original dams were coordinated with their original dams on the day of birth. Studies using 2-deoxy-D-[1-14C]-glucose autoradiography showed that there were synchronous (coordinated) rhythms in metabolic activity in the maternal and fetal suprachiasmatic nuclei, directly demonstrating prenatal coordination of maternal and fetal rhythmicity. Maternal-fetal coordination of circadian phase was not the result of direct entrainment of the fetuses to the environmental light-dark cycle. These results demonstrate that there is prenatal communication of circadian phase in this precocious species, without demonstrable postnatal maternal influences on pup circadian rhythmicity. Spiny mice therefore represent an important animal model in which circadian rhythms in the postnatal period can be used to precisely assess prenatal influences on circadian phase.

Internal synchronization among several circadian rhythms in rats under constant light

1978 ◽  
Vol 235 (5) ◽  
pp. R243-R249 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. I. Honma ◽  
T. Hiroshige
Keyword(s):  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Circadian Rhythms ◽  
Continuous Light ◽  
Biological Rhythms ◽  
Plasma Corticosterone ◽  
Dark Cycle ◽  
Internal Oscillator ◽  
Free Running ◽  
Phase Angles

Three biological rhythms (locomotor activity, body temperature, and plasma corticosterone) were measured simultaneously in individual rats under light-dark cycles and continuous light. Spontaneous locomotor activity was recorded on an Animex and body temperature was telemetrically monitored throughout the experiments. Blood samples were obtained serially at 2-h intervals on the experimental days. Phase angles of these rhythms were calculated by a least-squares spectrum analysis. Under light-dark cycles, the acrophases of locomotor activity, body temperature, and plasma corticosterone were found at 0029, 0106, and 1940 h, respectively. When rats were exposed to 200 lx continuous light, locomotor activity and body temperature showed free-running rhythms with a period of 25.2 h on the average. Plasma corticosterone levels determined at 12 days after exposure to continuous light exhibited a circadian rhythm with the acrophase shifted to 0720. The acrophases of locomotor activity and body temperature, determined simultaneously on the same day, were found to be located at 1303 and 1358 h, respectively. Phase-angle differences among the three rhythms on the 12th day of continuous light were essentially the same with those under the light-dark cycle. These results suggest that circadian rhythms of locomotor activity, body temperature, and plasma corticosterone are most probably coupled to a common internal oscillator in the rat.

scholarly journals Neuron-specific knockouts indicate the importance of network communication to Drosophila rhythmicity

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Schlichting ◽  
MM Diaz ◽  
J Xin ◽  
M Rosbash
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Circadian Rhythms ◽  
Intercellular Communication ◽  
Clock Gene ◽  
Feedback Loops ◽  
Neuronal Firing ◽  
Network Communication ◽  
Constant Darkness ◽  
Circadian Period ◽  
Clock Gene Expression

AbstractAnimal circadian rhythms persist in constant darkness and are driven by intracellular transcription-translation feedback loops. Although these cellular oscillators communicate, isolated mammalian cellular clocks continue to tick away in darkness without intercellular communication. To investigate these issues in Drosophila, we assayed behavior as well as molecular rhythms within individual brain clock neurons while blocking communication within the ca. 150 neuron clock network. We also generated CRISPR-mediated neuron-specific circadian clock knockouts. The results point to two key clock neuron groups: loss of the clock within both regions but neither one alone has a strong behavioral phenotype in darkness; communication between these regions also contributes to circadian period determination. Under these dark conditions, the clock within one region persists without network communication. The clock within the famous PDF-expressing s-LNv neurons however was strongly dependent on network communication, likely because clock gene expression within these vulnerable sLNvs depends on neuronal firing or light.

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