Monitoring respiration and activity in the spider Geolycosa domifex (Hancock) using time-lapse television and CO2 gas analysis

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 843-846 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. M. Culik ◽  
D. J. McQueen
Keyword(s):  
Surface Activity ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
Gas Analysis ◽  
Wolf Spiders ◽  
Co2 Gas ◽  
Respiration Rates ◽  
Field Activity ◽  
Vertical Activity ◽  
Burrow Activity

The activities of individual burrowing wolf spiders were continuously recorded with time-lapse television and respiration rates were simultaneously recorded. Five categories of activity and rest were differentiated and it was found that resting rates on the surface of the burrow and in the burrow were indistinguishable and similar to measures recorded in other studies. On average, in-burrow activity required 55% more energy than resting, surface activity required 220% more energy, and vertical activity (moving up the burrow) required 1780% more energy than resting. These data were analyzed with respect to the periodicity of activity patterns observed in the field and it was found that respiration rates that relate to periods of field activity are 40% higher than rates recorded for spiders assumed to be at rest.

Active respiration rates for the burrowing wolf spider Geolycosa domifex (Hancock)

1980 ◽  
Vol 58 (6) ◽  
pp. 1066-1074 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald J. McQueen
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Simple Model ◽  
Surface Activity ◽  
Wolf Spider ◽  
Wolf Spiders ◽  
Respiration Rates ◽  
Vertical Activity ◽  
Burrow Activity

The locomotion of individual burrowing wolf spiders, Geolycosa domifex (Hancock), was continuously monitored over 24-h periods and at the same lime respiration rates (microlitres CO2) were also continuously recorded. Five categories of activity and rest were identified: (1) in-burrow activity, (2) surface activity, (3) vertical activity, (4) in-burrow rest, and (5) surface rest. Respiration rates were determined for each category with respect to spider weight and temperature. The vertical activity rates were 10 times higher than resting rates, the surface activity rates were 4.5 times higher, and the in-burrow activity rates were 3.2 times higher. The activity–respiration rates were combined in a simple model which was tested against independently collected data and found to be in agreement. Scope for activity was calculated with respect to both weight and temperature, and it was found that the smallest animals at the lowest temperatures had the greatest scope for activity expressed as microlitres CO2 per gram body weight.

scholarly journals Night of the hunter: using cameras to quantify nocturnal activity in desert spiders

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e10684
Author(s):  
Tamara I. Potter ◽  
Aaron C. Greenville ◽  
Christopher R. Dickman
Keyword(s):  
Fire History ◽  
Sand Dunes ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
Camera Traps ◽  
Diel Activity ◽  
Wolf Spiders ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Burned Areas ◽  
Night Of The Hunter

Invertebrates dominate the animal world in terms of abundance, diversity and biomass, and play critical roles in maintaining ecosystem function. Despite their obvious importance, disproportionate research attention remains focused on vertebrates, with knowledge and understanding of invertebrate ecology still lacking. Due to their inherent advantages, usage of camera traps in ecology has risen dramatically over the last three decades, especially for research on mammals. However, few studies have used cameras to reliably detect fauna such as invertebrates or used cameras to examine specific aspects of invertebrate ecology. Previous research investigating the interaction between wolf spiders (Lycosidae: Lycosa spp.) and the lesser hairy-footed dunnart (Sminthopsis youngsoni) found that camera traps provide a viable method for examining temporal activity patterns and interactions between these species. Here, we re-examine lycosid activity to determine whether these patterns vary with different environmental conditions, specifically between burned and unburned habitats and the crests and bases of sand dunes, and whether cameras are able to detect other invertebrate fauna. Twenty-four cameras were deployed over a 3-month period in an arid region in central Australia, capturing 2,356 confirmed images of seven invertebrate taxa, including 155 time-lapse images of lycosids. Overall, there was no clear difference in temporal activity with respect to dune position or fire history, but twice as many lycosids were detected in unburned compared to burned areas. Despite some limitations, camera traps appear to have considerable utility as a tool for determining the diel activity patterns and habitat use of larger arthropods such as wolf spiders, and we recommend greater uptake in their usage in future.

scholarly journals Reconstruction scheme for excitatory and inhibitory dynamics with quenched disorder: application to zebrafish imaging

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorenzo Chicchi ◽  
Gloria Cecchini ◽  
Ihusan Adam ◽  
Giuseppe de Vito ◽  
Roberto Livi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Information ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Synthetic Data ◽  
Light Sheet ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
Inhibitory Neurons ◽  
Mean Field Approximation ◽  
Directed Network ◽  
Dynamical Regime ◽  
Power Law Distribution

AbstractAn inverse procedure is developed and tested to recover functional and structural information from global signals of brains activity. The method assumes a leaky-integrate and fire model with excitatory and inhibitory neurons, coupled via a directed network. Neurons are endowed with a heterogenous current value, which sets their associated dynamical regime. By making use of a heterogenous mean-field approximation, the method seeks to reconstructing from global activity patterns the distribution of in-coming degrees, for both excitatory and inhibitory neurons, as well as the distribution of the assigned currents. The proposed inverse scheme is first validated against synthetic data. Then, time-lapse acquisitions of a zebrafish larva recorded with a two-photon light sheet microscope are used as an input to the reconstruction algorithm. A power law distribution of the in-coming connectivity of the excitatory neurons is found. Local degree distributions are also computed by segmenting the whole brain in sub-regions traced from annotated atlas.

Activity rhythms of southern brown bandicoots Isoodon obesulus (Marsupialia: Peramelidae) in captivity.

2003 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 81 ◽  
Author(s):  
AN Larcombe
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Late Afternoon ◽  
Activity Rhythms ◽  
Natural Lighting ◽  
Infra Red ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
The Times

The temporal activity patterns of individually housed captive southern brown bandicoots (Isoodon obesulus) were recorded using time-lapse infra-red videorecording. Recordings were made over a period of four continuous days per animal under natural lighting and climatic conditions for Perth, Western Australia during March 2002. Analysis showed that all bandicoots were almost entirely nocturnal and spent ~71% (~17 hr day-1) of their time in their nests. The times of onset of activity were remarkably regular, and occurred both following feeding during the late afternoon and again after dusk (average 1841 hrs). Bandicoots were active for an average of ~7 hr night-1. Virtually all activity involved the bandicoots running around their enclosures (~6.5 hr day-1). This running was interspersed with shorter periods spent feeding (~25 min day-1), grooming (~8 min day-1) and drinking (~2 min day-1). No other behaviours were observed. There was a greater degree of variation in the time of cessation of activity between individuals. Time of cessation ranged from 0039 hrs ± 20 min to 0504 hrs ± 25 min. The average time of cessation of activity was 0315 hrs ± 61 min and was not related to either time of onset of activity or sunrise.

scholarly journals Direct and Fast Assessment of Antimicrobial Surface Activity Using Molecular Dynamics Simulation and Time-Lapse Imaging

2020 ◽  
Vol 92 (10) ◽  
pp. 6795-6800
Author(s):  
Rafaël Sibilo ◽  
Ilaria Mannelli ◽  
Ramon Reigada ◽  
Carlo Manzo ◽  
Mehmet A. Noyan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Dynamics ◽  
Molecular Dynamics Simulation ◽  
Surface Activity ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
Dynamics Simulation ◽  
Time Lapse Imaging

New techniques for ion-selective measurements of ionized calcium in serum after pH adjustment of aerobically handled sera.

1976 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 461-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
H D Schwartz
Keyword(s):  
Ph Value ◽  
Blood Gas Analysis ◽  
Electron System ◽  
Selectivity Coefficient ◽  
Gas Analysis ◽  
Ionized Calcium ◽  
Bicarbonate Concentration ◽  
Co2 Gas ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Acid Base Disturbance

Abstract I report further experience in measuring ionized calcium (Ca2+) with the AMT Electron System and its serum standards and solid-state, dip, calcium-selective electrodes. With this system, serum pH can be adjusted with CO2 gas and Ca2+ and pH simultaneously measured; when 5.2% CO2 (40 mm pco2) is used for sample equilibration, the standard bicarbonate concentration is also provided. I measured serum Ca2+ as a function of pH between pH 7.0 and 9.0 and found the relationship to be reproducible, with no evidence of irreversible complexing of Ca2+. When the pH of aerobically exposed, mailed sera was restored to the original values, their values for Ca2+ were the same as for the fresh sera. Measurement of Ca2+ in routinely (aerobically) handled sera after pH restoration with CO2 gas was therefore validated, both samples from within an institution and mailed specimens. Standardization to pH 7.40 is recommended for routine measurements, is generally more accurate than use of heparin or quasianaerobic techniques, and is a practical approach. In patients with possible uncompensated acid-base disturbance (which may be indicated by an abnormal standard bicarbonate concentration if not suspected clinically), patient pH should be measured independently as part of the usual strict, anaerobic blood-gas-analysis procedures. Abnormal patient pH must be considered in the interpretation of Ca2+ results determined at pH 7.40 which are borderline or slightly abnormal; most accurately, Ca2+ may be measured in the separated sera at the previously determined patient pH value. Studies of aqueous solutions with the currently used Ca2+ electrodes showed a selectivity coefficient (the constant which relates the activity of an interfering ion to the activity of calcium that would contribute the same emf) KNa=0.0031 +/- 0.0003 (SE) and KMg=0.046 +/- 0.004 (SE). At physiological concentrations of Ca2+, physiologically encountered variation in Na+ is of no significance in resulting Ca2+, but extreme variation in Mg2+ may cause an error of approximately 1%.

Surface activity patterns of macrofauna on pocket, tidal beaches: Insights into the role of wrack and artificial lighting

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 63-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucia Fanini ◽  
Lauren E. Hughes ◽  
Roger Springthorpe ◽  
Louise Tosetto ◽  
Jim K. Lowry
Keyword(s):  
Surface Activity ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Artificial Lighting

Locomotor Activity Patterns and Feeding Habits in the Prawn Palaemon Serratus (Pennant, 1777) (Decapoda, Palaemonidae) in the Alfacs Bay, Ebro Delta, Spain

Crustaceana ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Guerao ◽  
C. Ribera
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Video Recording ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
Maximum Activity ◽  
Ebro Delta ◽  
Diel Activity ◽  
Organic Debris ◽  
Endogenous Rhythmicity ◽  
Composition Changes

AbstractDiel activity rhythms of the prawn Palaemon serratus from Alfacs Bay, Ebro Delta, Spain, were studied under laboratory conditions by time-lapse video recording. The activity pattern showed endogenous rhythmicity of a circadian period with maximum activity at night. The feeding habits of P. serratus were studied using the frequency-of-occurrence method and the points method. The food of this species mainly consists of molluscs and crustaceans, and the remains of gastropods, amphipods, isopods, bivalves, mysids, copepods, and decapods were identified. The remaining items consisted of cnidarians, polychaetes, ophiuroids, plant material, sand, and unidentified organic debris. Results indicate that P. serratus is a predator of benthic invertebrates rather than a scavenger or detritus feeder. Diet composition changes with the size of the prawn.

Seasonal activity patterns and behaviour of juliform millipedes in south-eastern Botswana

1992 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 451-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Mark Dangerfield ◽  
Alice E. Milner ◽  
Reba Matthews
Keyword(s):  
Surface Activity ◽  
Feeding Behaviour ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Seasonal Patterns ◽  
Seasonal Activity ◽  
Rainfall Events ◽  
Mating Patterns ◽  
Weak Activity ◽  
Tree Leaf ◽  
Semi Arid

ABSTRACTThe seasonal patterns of surface activity and behaviour were recorded for three species of juliform millipede in a savanna habitat in south-east Botswana. Initially, surface activity followed rainfall events but this association weakened as the season progressed and, although significant, the correlation between the magnitude of rainfall events and activity was weak. Activity also occurred on moist, relatively cool and cloudy days, particularly in Alloporus uncinatus which was much larger than the other species. The onset and duration of surface activity varied between species. Observations of feeding behaviour suggested that millipedes in semi-arid savannas did not subsist exclusively on tree leaf litter but appeared to select a range of food types. Mobility is necessary to obtain these patchy resources but differences between the sexes in patterns of behaviour are more likely related to the mating patterns of these species.

Field and laboratory activity patterns in the burrowing wolf spider Geolycosa domifex (Hancock)

1981 ◽  
Vol 59 (7) ◽  
pp. 1263-1271 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. McQueen ◽  
B. Culik
Keyword(s):  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Wolf Spider ◽  
Diel Activity ◽  
Single Individual ◽  
Endogenous Rhythms ◽  
Laboratory Activity ◽  
Field Activity ◽  
Diel Activity Patterns ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
Influence Activity

The major objectives of this study were to determine the amount of time that the burrowing wolf spider Geolycosa domifex spends engaged in various types of activity in both the laboratory and field, and to test the hypothesis that these animals exhibit diel activity patterns. Seven types of activity were common. In the field, activity patterns were monitored using photocells, and in the laboratory, closed-circuit television was used. In both the field and laboratory, no statistically significant diel patterns were observed. Similar results were obtained from a single individual which was intensively studied during six time periods monitored over a 1-month period. The conclusion is that diel light patterns, sudden changes in light intensity, or endogenous rhythms do not influence activity patterns in G. domifex. The average time spent in each type of activity was (a) 3.2 min/h resting at the burrow mouth, (b) 21.3 min/h resting in the top 4 cm of the burrow, (c) 30.5 min/h below 5 cm, (d) 2.2 min/h outside the burrow, and (e) 2.8 min/h active in the top 4 cm of the burrow.

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