Intraclutch egg-weight apportionment and chick survival in Caspian terns

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (10) ◽  
pp. 2116-2122 ◽  
Author(s):  
James S. Quinn ◽  
Ralph D. Morris
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Great Lakes ◽  
Potential Benefit ◽  
Brood Reduction ◽  
Chick Survival ◽  
Egg Weight ◽  
Parental Response ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Caspian Terns ◽  
Negative Effect

Egg-weight apportionment patterns and chick survival were investigated in two-egg clutches of Caspian terns(Sterna caspia) in the Great Lakes. First-laid eggs (A eggs) were typically heavier than second-laid eggs (B eggs) and hatched an average of 1.8 days earlier. The A-egg fraction of total clutch weight increased with total clutch weight. Increased egg weight did not increase the probability of hatching, but did increase the fledging success of A chicks: specifically, A eggs that produced fledglings were significantly heavier than those whose chicks did not fledge. No such relationship held for B eggs. The main effect of B-egg weight was in prolonging life: excluding those few that fledged, egg weight was correlated significantly with age at mortality. Chick mortality appeared to be due mainly to starvation and gull predation. We suspect that greater body size and (or) behaviour associated with body size helps chicks escape risk from gape-limited predators. The hatching of A eggs had a negative effect on the survival of B chicks, but the reverse was not true. B offspring may act as insurance against the loss of A siblings. The potential benefit to parents of investing more in B eggs appears to be constrained by sibling competition with A chicks, which often results in brood reduction. The pattern of egg-weight apportionment in eggs is interpreted as a parental response to the differences in the reproductive values of asynchronously hatching chicks.

Great Lakes Caspian Terns: Egg Contaminants and Biological Implications

1985 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 142 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Struger ◽  
D. Vaughn Weseloh
Keyword(s):  
Great Lakes ◽  
Caspian Terns

Seasonal Distribution and Site Fidelity in Great Lakes Caspian Terns

1988 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louis L'Arrivee ◽  
Hans Blokpoel
Keyword(s):  
Great Lakes ◽  
Site Fidelity ◽  
Seasonal Distribution ◽  
Caspian Terns

Investigation of the lake-effect on the local thunderstorm activity around the Lake Fertő, Hungary

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gayane Karapetyan ◽  
Veronika Barta
Keyword(s):  
Great Lakes ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Thunderstorm Activity ◽  
Lightning Activity ◽  
Lower Atmosphere ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Impact

<p>Natural and artificial lakes are able to change the climate of their surroundings. These modifications are collectively known as lake effects and range from microscale to synoptic scale. The presence of the lake can cause negative effect on the local thunderstorm activity in summertime decreasing the convection and precipitation over lakes due to the greater stability created by the lower atmosphere and the colder surfaces of the lake [1, 2]. However, it also can have a positive impact on thundercloud generation when the temperature difference between air in 850 mb height and near earth's surface is more than 13 C causing instability in the atmosphere [3].</p><p> </p><p>The main objective of the present study is to investigate the impact of Lake Fertő (Neusiedler See, located in Hungary and Austria) on local thunderstorm activity by applying statistical analysis on meteorological and lightning data and event studies. Data of the Blitzortung lightning location network, local meteorological data (temperature, precipitation) measured at stations around the lake, water temperature measured at Fertőrákos and temperature measured at 850 mb in Vienna station were used for the analysis. The local thunderstorm activity was investigated during summertime (May - September) in 2015, 2016 and 2017. Lightning distribution maps above and around the lake for the investigated period have been determined based on the Blitzortung data.</p><p> </p><p>According to the lightning distribution maps we can not observe any positive impact of the lake on the lightning activity when water temperature was higher than the air temperature around the lake. Furthermore, we can not conclude that there is a clear negative effect of the lake on the lightning activity based on the lightning distribution maps when the air temperature is higher than the water temperature. Nevertheless, there are some months when it seems a clear border between the lightning activity measured above the lake and at the coast (e. g. in June and July 2015, June 2016). The negative effect also seems to appear in some cases of the investigated local individual thunderstorms, namely the thunderstorm activity is larger above the surrounding surface than directly above the lake. This seems to strengthen the hypothesis that "Deep convection is not often formed in summer above the lakes, and existing storms dissipate significantly when moving above the lakes due to the greater stability created by the lower atmosphere and the colder surfaces of the lake" [1].</p><p> </p><p>[1] Lyons, W. A., Some effects of Lake Michigan upon sqall lines and summertime convention. Proc. 9th Conf. Great Lakes Research, Great Lakes Res. Div. Publ. No. 15, University of Michigan, 259–273, 1966</p><p>[2] Scott, R. W., & Huff, F. A. . Impacts of the Great Lakes on Regional Climate Conditions. Journal of Great Lakes Research, 22(4), 845–863., 1996</p><p>[3] Wilson, J. W. : Effect of Lake Ontario on precipitation. Mon. Wea. Rev. 105, 207–214., 1977</p>

scholarly journals Organochlorine-Associated Immunosuppression in Prefledgling Caspian Terns and Herring Gulls from the Great Lakes: An Ecoepidemiological Study

1996 ◽  
Vol 104 ◽  
pp. 829 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith A. Grasman ◽  
Glen A. Fox ◽  
Patrick F. Scanlon ◽  
James P. Ludwig
Keyword(s):  
Great Lakes ◽  
Herring Gulls ◽  
Caspian Terns

Embryonic abnormalities and organochlorine contamination in double-crested cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus) and Caspian terns (Hydroprogne caspia) from the upper Great Lakes in 1988

1993 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nobuyoshi Yamashita ◽  
Shinsuke Tanabe ◽  
James P. Ludwig ◽  
Hiroko Kurita ◽  
Matthew E. Ludwig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Great Lakes ◽  
Phalacrocorax Auritus ◽  
Upper Great Lakes ◽  
Caspian Terns

Distribution and abundance of nesting common and Caspian terns on the North American Great Lakes, 1976 to 1999

2010 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralph D. Morris ◽  
D. Vaughn Weseloh ◽  
Francesca J. Cuthbert ◽  
Cynthia Pekarik ◽  
Linda R. Wires ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Great Lakes ◽  
North American ◽  
The North ◽  
North American Great Lakes ◽  
Caspian Terns

scholarly journals Seasonal Egg-Mass Variation and Laying Sequence in a Bird With Facultative Brood Reduction

The Auk ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 124 (2) ◽  
pp. 643-652 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liliana D'Alba ◽  
Roxana Torres
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Output ◽  
Brood Reduction ◽  
Laying Date ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Chick Survival ◽  
Mass Variation ◽  
Embryo Survival ◽  
Sula Nebouxii ◽  
Laying Order ◽  
Laying Sequence

Abstract Females may maximize their lifetime reproductive output by adjusting their investment in each breeding event to the perceived likelihood of success. The Blue-footed Booby (Sula nebouxii) is a long-lived seabird with facultative siblicide. We examined whether there is differential resource allocation to eggs with laying order and whether greater egg mass increases hatching probability, chick survival, hatching interval, and mass and size at hatching. We found that the relative investment in first and second eggs decreased as the season advanced: second eggs were slightly (1.5%) heavier than first eggs in early clutches; by contrast, first eggs were 2% heavier than second eggs in late clutches. Accordingly, hatching probability increased with laying date for first eggs and decreased for second eggs. The mass of the egg increased hatching probability, and no effect on chick survival was detected. Laying interval increased after a heavier egg was laid, and heavier eggs produced heavier hatchlings. Hatching intervals were positively related to laying intervals, but egg mass was unrelated to the length of the incubation period and the hatching interval. Our results suggest that egg mass influences embryo survival and that Blue-footed Booby females may adaptively allocate resources to eggs of different laying order according to breeding conditions. Variación del Peso de los Huevos y Secuencia de Postura en un Ave con Reducción Facultativa de la Nidada

Role of spawning condition in the determination of the reproductive traits of spring- and autumn-spawning Atlantic herring from the southern Gulf of St. Lawrence

1993 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 309-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodney G. Bradford
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
Gonad Maturation ◽  
Maturation Period ◽  
Egg Weight ◽  
Storage Lipids ◽  
Length Relationship ◽  
Group Spawning ◽  
Storage Energy

Mature spring-spawning (May–June) and autumn-spawning (August–September) herring differ in total weight. Autumn herring have both heavier gonads and higher somatic weights at length. Both the residual levels of storage lipids and somatic weight at length, corrected for storage lipid, are higher in autumn than in spring. Within spawning seasons, males and females deplete the same amount of storage energy. Percent somatic lipid content is positively correlated with body size during spring but shows no relationship to body size in autumn. These patterns indicate that the relative allocation of storage energy to reproduction differs with spawning season. Spring spawners (lengthy gonad maturation period) allocate proportionally more storage energy to routine and active metabolism than autumn spawners (brief gonad maturation period). The low intercept and steep slope of the gonad weight – length relationship for spring spawners reflect the interaction between decreasing metabolic rate with body size and increasing storage energy capacity with body size. Egg weight is unrelated to the parent's somatic lipid content for either spawning group. Spawning history (recruit versus repeat spawning) has only a minor influence on egg weight.

scholarly journals A steroid hormone regulates growth in response to oxygen availability

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Goerge Kapali ◽  
Viviane Callier ◽  
Hailey Broeker ◽  
Parth Tank ◽  
Samuel Gascoigne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Steroid Hormone ◽  
Insulin Binding ◽  
Growth Suppression ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Physiological Mechanisms ◽  
Hypoxic Conditions ◽  
Drosophila Larvae ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Almost All

In almost all animals, physiologically low oxygen (hypoxia) during development slows growth and reduces adult body size. The developmental mechanisms that determine growth under hypoxic conditions are, however, poorly understood. One hypothesis is that the effect of hypoxia on growth and final body size is a non-adaptive consequence of the cell-autonomous effects of hypoxia on cellular metabolism. Alternatively, the effect may be an adaptive coordinated response mediated through systemic physiological mechanisms. Here we show that the growth and body size response to moderate hypoxia (10% O2) in Drosophila melanogaster is systemically regulated via the steroid hormone ecdysone, acting partially through the insulin-binding protein Imp-L2. Ecdysone is necessary to reduce growth in response to hypoxia: hypoxic growth suppression is ameliorated when ecdysone synthesis is inhibited. This hypoxia-suppression of growth is mediated by the insulin/IGF-signaling (IIS) pathway. Hypoxia reduces systemic IIS activity and the hypoxic growth-response is eliminated in larvae with suppressed IIS. Further, loss of Imp-L2, an ecdysone-response gene that suppresses systemic IIS, significantly reduces the negative effect of hypoxia on final body size. Collectively, these data indicate that growth suppression in hypoxic Drosophila larvae is accomplished by systemic endocrine mechanisms rather than direct suppression of tissue aerobic metabolism.

Inter- and intraspecific vigilance patterns of two sympatric Tibetan ungulates

2019 ◽  
Vol 101 (2) ◽  
pp. 498-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunchao Luo ◽  
Lin Wang ◽  
Le Yang ◽  
Xinxin Wang ◽  
Ming Tan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Group Size ◽  
Sexually Dimorphic ◽  
Small Animals ◽  
Wild Ungulates ◽  
Small Female ◽  
Social Monitoring ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Large Groups

Abstract Vigilance is an important antipredation technique that can be affected by many factors, such as body size and group size. Small animals are more vulnerable than large ones, so the former are expected to behave more vigilantly than the latter. This effect of body size on vigilance may occur inter- or intraspecifically. We studied the vigilance behavior of two sympatric wild ungulates, Tibetan antelopes (Pantholops hodgsonii) and Tibetan gazelles (Procapra picticaudata). Tibetan antelopes, with a body size of 33 kg are much larger than Tibetan gazelles, with a body size of approximately 14 kg. Tibetan antelopes are sexually and body-size dimorphic; that is, males are much heavier than females. Alternately, Tibetan gazelles are sexually dimorphic but the sexes do not differ in weight. Tibetan gazelles scanned their environment more frequently than Tibetan antelopes did. Small female Tibetan antelopes scanned their environment more frequently than males did, whereas male Tibetan gazelles scanned their environment more frequently than females did. Group size did not affect the vigilance of Tibetan gazelle, but its negative effect on the vigilance of male Tibetan antelopes was marginally significant. In female Tibetan antelopes, vigilance in large groups was high probably because of scramble competition and social monitoring. Our results suggested that body mass and group size play an important role in shaping the vigilance of these two rare Tibetan ungulates.

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