A comparative morphological study of the Stutzzelle (support cell) in the phylum Acanthocephala

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 660-668 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randall J. Gee
Keyword(s):  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Morphological Study ◽  
Variable Number ◽  
Basic Pattern ◽  
Sense Organs ◽  
Dorsal Wall ◽  
Support Cell ◽  
Inner Surface ◽  
Moniliformis Moniliformis ◽  
Proboscis Receptacle

The location and structure of the Stutzzelle is reconstructed, using light microscopy, in 12 species representing the three classes of the phylum Acanthocephala, using serial transverse, sagittal, and longitudinal sections of adult worms. A basic pattern with three different variations, one for each class, is described along with family and generic variations in the Eoacanthocephala and Paleacanthocephala. The association of the Stutzzelle with the apical and neck sense organs in those species with these organs is described. Its absence from one species without neck and apical sense organs is discussed. The variable number of nuclei in the Stutzzelle in the three classes is described with the Eoacanthocephala having a binucleate, the Paleacanthocephala, a tri- or bi-nucleate, and the Archiacanthocepala, a pentanucleate Stutzzelle. The apical sense organs in the Archiacanthocephala, especially double apical sense organs in Moniliformis moniliformis, and the absence of apical sense organs in the Eoacanthocephala and Paleacanthocephala are described. The location of the Stutzzelle on the inner surface of the dorsal wall of the proboscis receptacle is described in the Eoacanthocephala and Paleacanthocephala. The location of the Stutzzelle in the Archiacanthocephala is redescribed as dorsal instead of ventral, making the location consistent in the phylum Acanthocephala.

scholarly journals Ultrastructure of the Developing Aleurone Cells of Wheat Grain

1963 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 768 ◽  
Author(s):  
MS Buttrose
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Osmium Tetroxide ◽  
Aleurone Layer ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Aleurone Cells ◽  
Wheat Kernel ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Inner Surface

The developing aleurone layer cells of the wheat kernel have been investigated by electron microscopy and the results compared with those of light microscopy. Two weeks after flowering vacuoles appear in the cells and deposits accumulate in these until maturity when the cells are filled 'with the resulting "vacuolar units" 2-3p. in diameter, corresponding to the aleurone grains of light microscopy. The wheat aleurone grain consists of a bounding membrane (of vacuole origin) enclosing a matrix in which are embedded spherical deposits. Some of these deposits are translucent and others opaque to electrons after potassium permanganate and osmium tetroxide fixation. At all stages examined the cytoplasm of aleurone cells contained large numbers of small unidentified bodies with irregular outline and dense contents. At first they are dispersed, but towards maturity are organized as a monolayer over the surface of each aleurone grain and the inner surface of the cell walls. The apparent specificity of these structures to aleurone cells is discussed in relation to future chemical and physiological studies of the tissue.

scholarly journals Morphological characterization of the gonads of bullfrog tadpoles (Lithobates catesbeianus)

2015 ◽  
Vol 32 (04) ◽  
pp. 245-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Rizzi ◽  
E. Silva-Zacarin ◽  
C. Oliveira ◽  
M. Costa ◽  
R. Salla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Acridine Orange ◽  
Morphological Study ◽  
Gonadal Development ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
Lithobates Catesbeianus ◽  
Secondary Spermatocyte ◽  
Gosner Stage

Abstract Introduction: This work describes various aspects of early gonadal development of female and male in pre-metamorphic tadpoles (Lithobates catesbeianus) at Gosner stage 25. Materials and Methods: Ovaries and testicles were prepared for routine light microscopy for morphological study and for acridine orange technique fluroescent microscopy for observation of RNA cytoplasm activity. Results: The results showed that female gonads at Gosner stage 25 predominated primary and secondary oogonias, as well as primary, secondary and tertiary oocytes. The developing testicle presented primary spermatogonia (I or A) and secondary spermatogonia (II or B), and as well as primary and secondary spermatocyte. All this cell phases were morphologically characterized and the cell sizes measured. In pre-metamorphic testes the somniferous duct are not developed and the vasa deferentia is opened. Conclusion: At this point, it was possible differentiate ovary from testes does not for the gonadal cells, but for the general anatomy of the organs, being the ovary a spheroid structure and the testicle an elongated tubule.

A morphological study of the sulfurisation of digenite to covellite using reflected polarised light microscopy

2017 ◽  
Vol 70 ◽  
pp. 74-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heidi Rask Møller Frøkiær ◽  
Terence E. Warner
Keyword(s):  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Morphological Study ◽  
Polarised Light

Morphological study of the proximal boundary of the flexor retinaculum and of its constituent parts

2011 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.-S. Won ◽  
S.-H. Han ◽  
C.-S. Oh ◽  
I.-H. Chung ◽  
J.-S. Suh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Serial Section ◽  
Morphological Study ◽  
Mr Images ◽  
Radiographic Images ◽  
Steel Wires ◽  
Flexor Retinaculum ◽  
Antebrachial Fascia

The proximal boundary of the flexor retinaculum is not readily demarcated, and previous reports of three distinct regions of the flexor retinaculum were not consistent with the authors’ experience. This study was undertaken to clarify the proximal boundary and the constituent parts of the flexor retinaculum. A total of 56 cadaveric wrists were used in the study. The proximal boundary of the flexor retinaculum was identified by a change in thickness and colour of the longitudinally sectioned surface of the continuous membranous sheet of the flexor retinaculum and antebrachial fascia. Steel wires were placed on the proximal and distal boundaries, and anteroposterior radiographic images were taken. MRI was carried out before dissection or serial section. The locations of the proximal and distal boundaries of the flexor retinaculum varied. The flexor retinaculum was comprised of two parts, which were distinguishable by thickness and transparency. These two parts were also identified on MR images and by light microscopy.

scholarly journals Morphological study of stabilization and carbonization of polyacrylonitrile/TiO2 nanofiber mats

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 155892501986224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lilia Sabantina ◽  
Robin Böttjer ◽  
Daria Wehlage ◽  
Timo Grothe ◽  
Michaela Klöcker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Fibers ◽  
Morphological Study ◽  
Smooth Surface ◽  
Carbon Nanofiber ◽  
Fiber Morphology ◽  
Tio2 Nanofiber ◽  
Upper Limit ◽  
Inner Surface ◽  
Nanofiber Mats ◽  
Morphology Changes

Polyacrylonitrile belongs to the most often used precursors for carbon fibers. Using electrospinning, polyacrylonitrile nanofiber mats can be prepared and afterwards stabilized and carbonized to prepare carbon nanofiber mats which, by adding other materials, will be useful for several applications. One of these materials is TiO2, which has photocatalytic properties and can thus be used as a photocatalyst for photodegradation of dyes. Here, we report on a detailed study of electrospinning, stabilization, and carbonization of electrospun polyacrylonitrile/TiO2 mats with varying TiO2 content. Depending on the amount of TiO2 in the nanofibers, the fiber morphology changes strongly, indicating an upper limit for the preparation of carbon/TiO2 nanofibers with smooth surface, but offering an even increased inner surface of the rougher carbon/TiO2 nanofibers with increased TiO2 content due to better maintenance of the fibrous structure during stabilization.

Cytochemistry and morphometry of rat sciatic nerve following laser and suture treatments

1986 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 128-129
Author(s):  
A. Shah ◽  
J. E. Bailes ◽  
V. Sahgal ◽  
L. J. Cerullo
Keyword(s):  
Sciatic Nerve ◽  
Horseradish Peroxidase ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Morphological Study ◽  
Wallerian Degeneration ◽  
Nerve Repair ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Relative Efficacy ◽  
Tracer Technique ◽  
Rat Sciatic Nerve

The success of nerve repair treatment can be measured by examining the factors (Wallerian degeneration) that prevent functional recovery, and determining the extent of regeneration of proximal axon sprouts in the endoneurial environment of the distal fascicles. In the present study, the neurosurgical alignment of fascicles was attempted by laser as well as suture microsurgery of transected rat sciatic nerve and the relative efficacy of the two procedures was evaluated after 6 and 12 weeks by Neurophysiological Study, Morphological Study with light microscopy, ultrastructure, and the permeability of blood-nerve barrier using horseradish peroxidase (HRP) tracer technique, and Morphometry of the nerve fibers.

CHARACTERIZATION OF INSECT SENSE ORGANS AND OPTICAL CLEARING OF WHOLE- MOUNT PREPARATIONS USING diI IN FIXED TISSUES

1993 ◽  
Vol 175 (1) ◽  
pp. 299-303
Author(s):  
S. N. Zill ◽  
S. F. Frazier ◽  
D. L. Macfarland ◽  
S. E. Fish
Keyword(s):  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Peripheral Nerves ◽  
Lipid Solubility ◽  
Sensory Receptors ◽  
Sense Organs ◽  
Neuronal Membranes ◽  
Carbocyanine Dye ◽  
Whole Mount ◽  
Conventional Light Microscopy

Studies of invertebrate sensory receptors have been greatly aided by the use of compounds, such as cobalt salts, which can diffuse or be transported in peripheral nerves, to characterize morphologically and to label identified exteroceptive and proprioceptive sense organs (Braunig et al. 1981). However, most of these methods require the maintenance of live preparations, which can be difficult when attempting to fill axons over long distances. We have mapped sense organs of the cockroach leg using the carbocyanine dye, diI. This lipid-soluble dye, recently developed for use in vertebrates (Honig and Hume, 1989), diffuses passively in neuronal membranes and can be used in fixed tissues. However, because of its lipid solubility, it has the disadvantage that it dissolves in standard organic clearing agents. We have developed methods of applying diI and clearing cockroach preparations that permit the visualization of both sensory neuron somata under fluorescent illumination and their associated cuticular specializations by conventional light microscopy. These experiments have confirmed the location of many receptors previously identified by serial sectioning and light microscopy (Dresden and Nijenhuis, 1958; Nijenhuis and Dresden, 1952, 1956). We have also mapped sense organs on the distal leg segments and demonstrated the widespread presence of multiply innervated, chemoreceptor-like sense organs on all segments of the cockroach mesothoracic and metathoracic legs.

A Comparative Morphological Study of the Tracheal System in Larval Diptera. Part I

1955 ◽  
Vol s3-96 (34) ◽  
pp. 257-278
Author(s):  
JOAN M. WHITTEN
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Morphological Study ◽  
The Other ◽  
Basic Pattern ◽  
Tracheal System ◽  
General Plan ◽  
Future Paper ◽  
Generalized Patterns ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Stability

The larval tracheal system of species representative of certain families in the Diptera Nematocera, Brachycera, and Cyclorrhapha is discussed. Detailed descriptions are given of the larval systems of members of the families Psychodidae, Trichoceridae, Anisopidae, Scatopsidae, Bibionidae, Phoridae, and Calliphoridae. Attention is drawn to the fact that the dissimilarity between the tracheal systems of the species from the selected families--more particularly between the Diptera Nematocera and Cyclorrhapha--is superficial. The differences overlie what is in fact a series of tracheal systems in which the number and distribution of the main elements is remarkably constant. The homologies of these main elements in all three suborders are demonstrated. Correlation between the form of the central nervous system and the distribution of the tracheae is also shown. Each described system is analysed into its main constituents and represented by a ‘larval tracheal pattern’. On close examination the patterns or plans of each system in the various families are shown to conform to a ‘general plan’ common to all the species described, and probably representative of a general larval plan for the whole order; it is suggested that it approaches what must be the primitive distribution of tracheae in the Diptera. It is also suggested that this pattern may prove of phylogenetic importance should it be possible to discover similar generalized patterns for the other insect orders. It is shown how the plan can be used in interpreting previous descriptions by other workers. The results presented illustrate the stability and remarkable constancy of the basic pattern of the tracheal system throughout the main sub-divisions of the order. No correlation is seen between the form of the internal tracheal system and the variations shown by the spiracles, the elements of the tracheal system remaining constant in number and origin in all the species described. In a future paper it is proposed to describe the systems of species from the remaining nematoceran families; considerable deviation from this general plan is to be seen, but the systems can be interpreted in the light of the present results.

Tissue reaction of Tagelus plebeius (Bivalvia: Psammobiidae) against larval digeneans in mixohaline habitats connected to the south-western Atlantic

2008 ◽  
Vol 89 (3) ◽  
pp. 569-577 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristián Ituarte ◽  
Florencia Cremonte ◽  
Agostina Scarano
Keyword(s):  
Outer Layer ◽  
Amorphous Material ◽  
Variable Number ◽  
Tissue Reaction ◽  
Dorsal Part ◽  
Intensity Of Infection ◽  
Visceral Mass ◽  
Western Atlantic ◽  
The Family ◽  
Inner Surface

This paper describes the organism–organism relationship between a bivalve host and larval digeneans. The studied population of the stout razor clam Tagelus plebeius from the mixohaline Mar Chiquita lagoon (37° 32′S 57° 19′W) showed 100% of prevalence of infection by a larval digenean (metacercaria) of the family Gymnophallidae. The larvae occupied the extrapallial space just below the hinge of the bivalve. The tissue reaction against larval digeneans by T. plebeius consisted of hyperplasia and metaplasia of the outer layer of the mantle epithelium adjacent to parasites, forming an invagination to generate a sac that surrounded gymnophallid larvae. According to the intensity of infection, each sac progressively enlarged to harbour a variable number of larvae. In highly infected clams, a great number of sacs are formed. Eventually, the older sacs containing larvae may become closed, losing their communication with the extrapallial space and sinking into the dorsal part of the visceral mass. Larvae within sacs grow and remain alive until they reach an appropriate definitive bird vertebrate host. Older lesions commonly showed remains of dead larvae which had undergone resorption. As a result, an orange to brownish amorphous material accumulated in the space once occupied by the larvae leaving conspicuous orange marks on the inner surface of the valves. In some cases, calcifications in the form of pearls or blisters were observed.

scholarly journals Note on the blood-vessel-system of the retina of the hedgehog (being a fourth contribution to the anatomy of the retina)

1869 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 357-358
Keyword(s):  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Blood Vessel ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Lamina Cribrosa ◽  
Variable Number ◽  
Deep Pit ◽  
Retinal Blood Vessels ◽  
Membrana Limitans Interna ◽  
Inner Surface ◽  
Arteries And Veins

The distribution of the retinal blood-vessels in this common British Insectivore is so remarkable that I deem it worthy of a separate notice— only capillaries enter the retina . The vasa centralia pierce the optic nerve in the sclerotic canal, and, passing forwards through the lamina cribrosa, divide, at the bottom of a relatively large and deep pit in the centre of the intraocular disk of the nerve, into a variable number of primary branches, from three to six. These primary divisions quickly subdivide, furnishing many large arteries and veins, which, radiating on all sides from the nerve-entrance towards the ora retinæ, appear to the observer’s unaided eye as strongly projecting ridges upon the inner surface of the retina. When vertical sections parallel to and across the direction of these ridges are examined with a quarter-inch objective, we immediately perceive that the arteries and veins lie, throughout their entire course, upon the inner surface of the membrana limitans interna retinæ, between this and the membrana hyaloidea of the vitreous humour, and that only capillaries penetrate the retina itself.

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