Mitochondrial DNA and isozyme electrophoretic analyses of the endangered Acadian whitefish, Coregonus huntsmani Scott, 1987

1991 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 311-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Bernatchez ◽  
T. A. Edge ◽  
J. J. Dodson ◽  
S. U. Qadri
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Genetic Model ◽  
Restriction Analysis ◽  
Restriction Enzymes ◽  
Electrophoretic Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Lake Whitefish ◽  
Mitochondrial Genotype ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Mtdna Restriction Analysis

Electrophoretic analysis of isozymes and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) restriction analysis were used to study the genetic divergence between the Acadian whitefish, Coregonus huntsmani, and members of the subgenera Coregonus (lake whitefish, C. clupeaformis) and Leucichthys (Arctic cisco, C. autumnalis, and lake cisco, C. artedii). Results obtained from both studies demonstrated that the Acadian whitefish is genetically highly distinct from the other coregonines examined. mtDNA restriction analysis revealed that the Acadian whitefish possesses a unique mitochondrial genotype which is divergent from that of the two cisco species or lake whitefish. Twelve of 13 restriction enzymes used were informative in distinguishing the Acadian whitefish from the other species, and species-specific fragment patterns were observed for 10 enzymes. In isozyme analysis of five loci, the Acadian whitefish was monomorphic at two loci for alleles not found in lake whitefish. Acadian whitefish also possessed an additional isozyme at another locus that was not found in lake whitefish and Arctic cisco specimens. This isozyme is unknown from the genetic model for lake whitefish at this locus. These results provided useful genetic markers to identify the Acadian whitefish. They emphasize that the extinction of the species would represent a major loss of both genetic diversity and potential information concerning the contentious phylogeny of coregonine fishes.

scholarly journals Identification and differentiation among chicken’s, duck’s, quail’s, rabbit’s and turkey's meat using PCR-RFLP technique

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.M. Abdel-Rahman ◽  
A.M. Elmaghraby ◽  
A.S. Haggag
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Cytochrome B ◽  
Fragment Length ◽  
Restriction Analysis ◽  
Restriction Enzymes ◽  
Pcr Product ◽  
Pcr Rflp ◽  
Pcr Products ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Rflp Assay

PCR-RFLP technique was developed for identification and differentiation among chicken?s, duck?s, quail?s, rabbit?s and turkey's meat. DNA from small amount of muscles (0.05 g) was extracted and a region of mitochondrial DNA (cytochrome-b gene) in chicken, duck, quail, rabbit and turkey was amplified by PCR. Fragment length of the PCR product was 371 bp in chicken, 374 bp in duck and rabbit and 377 bp in both quail and turkey. Six nucleotides different makes it difficult to differentiate among these five species-specific meat. For differentiation, three different restriction enzymes (DdeI, MspI and TaqI) were used to digest the PCR products. Restriction analysis showed difference among chicken?s, duck?s, quail?s, rabbit?s and turkey's meat. Where, DdeI yielded two fragments (291 and 83 bp) only in rabbit?s meat. MspI yielded three fragments (221, 85 and 65 bp) in chicken?s meat and two fragments (290 and 87 bp) in both quail?s and turkey's meat. TaqI yielded three fragments (146, 134 and 94 bp) in duck?s meat and two fragments (226 and 151 bp) in quail?s meat. The use of Cytb- PCR-RFLP assay allowed a direct and fast authentication and differentiation among chicken?s, duck?s, quail?s, rabbit?s and turkey's meat.

PCR-based genetic identification of marlin and other billfish

1998 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 383 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. H. Innes ◽  
P. M. Grewe ◽  
R. D. Ward
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Genetic Test ◽  
Rflp Analysis ◽  
Restriction Enzymes ◽  
Genetic Identification ◽  
Dna Molecule ◽  
Pcr Rflp ◽  
D Loop ◽  
Specific Variation ◽  
Species Specific

A genetic test was developed for the identification of the six species of billfish found in Australian waters (black marlin, Indo–Pacific blue marlin, striped marlin, Indo–Pacific sailfish, shortbill spearfish and broadbill swordfish). The test was based on the PCR–RFLP analysis of a 1400 bp region of the mitochondrial DNA molecule, the d-loop, using four restriction enzymes (Hinf I, Rsa I and Sau3A I andTaq I). A total of 33 composite haplotypes were observed among 160 fish; all were species-specific. Three of the species—black marlin, striped marlin and broadbill swordfish—showed sufficient intra-specific variation to be useful in population structure analyses.

scholarly journals Interspecific mitochondrial DNA transfer and the colonization of Scandinavia by mice

1987 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulf Gyllensten ◽  
Allan C. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Hybrid Zone ◽  
Restriction Enzymes ◽  
Electrophoretic Analysis ◽  
Nuclear Genes ◽  
Mouse Population ◽  
Apparent Lack ◽  
North Germany ◽  
Founder Event ◽  
The Baltic

SummaryRestriction enzymes were used to search for genetic variability at 162 cleavage sites in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) purified from 22 mice caught at seven Swedish localities. Although all of these mice bear the nuclear genes of Mus musculus, they bear the mtDNA of M. domesticus exclusively. Yet, some of the Swedish localities are 750 km away from the hybrid zone between these two species. Furthermore, only one type of mtDNA was found at the seven Swedish localities; this type was found before at an eighth locality in Sweden as well as in Jutland north of the hybrid zone. The apparent lack of mtDNA divergence in the mouse population of Sweden contrasts with the extensive divergence usually found within other geographic areas in Europe, Africa and North America. Electrophoretic analysis of proteins encoded by nuclear genes indicates that the Swedish mice have lower average heterozygosity than Danish and Central European populations of musculus mice. These findings lead us to suggest that the source of the commensal mouse population in Sweden was a small propagule that originated from a population situated only a few kilometres to the east of the point at which the hybrid zone on the European mainland meets the Baltic Sea, namely on East Holstein. Such a founder event may have been associated with the spread of farming from north Germany into Sweden about 4000 years ago.

Mitochondrial DNA variation in Drosophila pseudoobscura and related species in Pacific Northwest populations

1985 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 357-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence R. Hale ◽  
Andrew T. Beckenbach
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Restriction Enzymes ◽  
The Other ◽  
Drosophila Pseudoobscura ◽  
Rich Region ◽  
Dna Variation ◽  
Restriction Sites ◽  
Dna Restriction ◽  
Tandem Duplications

We have analysed mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) from Pacific Northwest populations of Drosophila pseudoobscura, D. persimilis, and D. miranda using six restriction enzymes. We find that HpaII restriction sites are hypervariable compared to the other enzymes used. This hypervariability allows construction of a maximum parsimony map linking each mtDNA genotype. Small insertions, possibly tandem duplications, appear to have arisen concomitantly with, or subsequent to, speciation events, perhaps within the A + T rich region. Convergence of mtDNA genotypes is also evident. Unlike findings for other populations of these species, we find little evidence of mitochondrial introgression between D. pseudoobscura and D. persimilis, despite their ability to produce fertile hybrid females.Key words: mitochondrial DNA, restriction endonucleases, Drosophila, evolution.

scholarly journals EVOLUTIONARY RELATIONSHIPS AMONG FIVE SUBSPECIES OF MUS MUSCULUS BASED ON RESTRICTION ENZYME CLEAVAGE PATTERNS OF MITOCHONDRIAL DNA

Genetics ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 98 (4) ◽  
pp. 801-816
Author(s):  
Hiromichi Yonekawa ◽  
Kazuo Moriwaki ◽  
Osamu Gotoh ◽  
Jun-Ichi Hayashi ◽  
Junko Watanabe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Nucleotide Sequence ◽  
Restriction Enzyme ◽  
Mus Musculus ◽  
Sequence Divergence ◽  
Restriction Enzymes ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
The Other ◽  
Enzyme Cleavage ◽  
The Times

ABSTRACT The intra- and intersubspecific genetic distances between five subspecies of Mus musculus were estimated from restriction enzyme cleavage patterns or maps of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). The European subspecies, M. m. domesticus and Asian subspecies, M. m. bactrianus, M. m. castaneus, M. m. molossinus and M. m. urbanus were examined. For each subspecies, except M. m. urbanus, at least two local races from widely separated localities were examined. Intrasubspecific heterogeneity was found in the mtDNA cleavage patterns of M. m. bactrianus and M. m. castaneus. M. m. molossinus and M. m. domesticus, however, revealed no intrasubspecific heterogeneity. Four of the subspecies had distinct cleavage patterns. The fifth, M. m. urbanus, had cleavage patterns identical to those of M. m. castaneus with several enzymes. Estimates of genetic distances between the various races and subspecies were obtained by comparing cleavage maps of the mtDNAs with various restriction enzymes. Nucleotide sequence divergences of mtDNA between local races were estimated to be less than 0.4% in M. m. bactrianus and less than 0.3% in M. m. castaneus. The times of divergence of both subspecies were calculated to be 0.1-0.2 × 106 years. These values suggest that the intrasubspecific divergence began some 0.1-0.2 × 106 years ago. On the other hand, nucleotide sequence divergences between European subspecies M. m. domesticus and Asian subspecies M. m. bactrianus and M. m. castaneus were 7.1% and 5.8%, respectively. The times of divergence were calculated to be 2.1-2.6 × 106 years. Further, the nucleotide sequence divergence and time of divergence between M. m. molossinus and the other two Asian subspecies were comparable to those between M. m. molossinus and M. m. domesticus (about 3% and 1 × 106 years, respectively). These results suggest that M. m. molossinus is situated in a unique evolutionary position among Asian subspecies.

Mitochondrial DNA Variation among Anadromous Populations of Cisco (Coregonus artedii) as revealed by Restriction Analysis

1990 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 533-543 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louis Bernatchez ◽  
Julian J. Dodson
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Life History ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Restriction Analysis ◽  
Restriction Enzymes ◽  
Population Subdivision ◽  
Hudson Bay ◽  
Distribution Analysis ◽  
Genetic Structuring ◽  
Coregonus Artedii

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) restriction analyses were done to test the hypothesis that river populations of anadromous cisco from James-Hudson Bays that exhibit life-history variations are reproductively isolated. MtDNA variation among 141 cisco (Coregonus artedii) from eight rivers was studied with eight hexameric, four multihexameric and one multipentameric restriction enzymes which generated a mean of 78 fragments per fish. Pair-wise sequence divergence estimates among the 19 mtDNA clones resolved were generally low but highly variable (mean: 0.52%, range: 0.08 to 1.03%). UPGMA and Wagner parsimony analysis revealed two major clonal groups which differed in diversity and geographic distribution; the more diversified (nucleon diversity index; 0.70) and less diversified (0.31) groups were twice as abundant in James and Hudson Bays, respectively. This suggests that cisco of James-Hudson Bays are derived from two glacial refugia and that they recolonized the area by two major postglacial routes. The frequency distribution analysis of all defined clones revealed significant stock discreteness among Hudson Bay populations and a lack of population subdivision in James Bay. The genetic structuring and diversity of anadromous cisco in James-Hudson Bay is discussed in relation to historical biogeographical events and to interactions of various life-history stages with the physical oceanographic environment.

Mitochondrial and ribosomal DNA variation among members of the Anopheles quadrimaculatus (Diptera: Culicidae) species complex

Genome ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 939-950 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharon E. Mitchell ◽  
Sudhir K. Narang ◽  
Andrew F. Cockburn ◽  
J. A. Seawright ◽  
Michael Goldenthal
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Ribosomal Dna ◽  
Sibling Species ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Restriction Enzymes ◽  
Dna Variation ◽  
Restriction Patterns ◽  
Genetic Structure Of Populations ◽  
Anopheles Quadrimaculatus ◽  
Species Specific

The extent of intra- and inter-specific variation in mitochondrial DNA and nuclear ribosomal RNA gene restriction sites was determined for the four sibling species of the Anopheles quadrimaculatus complex. Individual mosquitoes were identified by allozyme analysis according to previously published keys, and the total genomic DNA of these same individuals was then cleaved with restriction enzymes. Restriction maps of mitochondrial DNA, including the positions of variable sites, were constructed for each species. No evidence for interspecific hybridization was found in the populations surveyed. There was little variation in restriction patterns within any given species, but differences occurred among the four. Three restriction enzymes (AvaI, HindIII, and PvuII) yielded species-specific DNA restriction patterns for the mitochondrial DNA, while AvaI and HindIII produced diagnostic patterns for the ribosomal DNA. Thus, restriction patterns were very useful for detecting cryptic species but less appropriate than isozymes for studying genetic structure of populations within species.Key words: mtDNA, rDNA, Anopheles quadrimaculatus, species complex, sibling species.

scholarly journals A mitochondrial DNA PCR–RFLP marker for population studies of the black scabbardfish (Aphanopus carbo)

2004 ◽  
Vol 61 (5) ◽  
pp. 864-867 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Quinta ◽  
Laurentina Gomes ◽  
Ana Teia dos Santos
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Population Studies ◽  
Restriction Enzymes ◽  
Extensive Study ◽  
The Other ◽  
Dna Variation ◽  
Madeira Archipelago ◽  
Pcr Rflp ◽  
Dna Pcr

Abstract Black scabbardfish (Aphanopus carbo), a commercially valuable marine fish off Portugal and the Madeira Archipelago, was surveyed for mitochondrial DNA variation of part of the cytochrome b gene. In all, 51 fish from three Northeast Atlantic localities were examined using ten restriction enzymes. Overall nucleon diversity was 0.180. Genetic differentiation (θ=0.25) was significant; the Madeira Archipelago sample was distinguishable from samples from the other two localities. The approach should be useful for a more extensive study of black scabbardfish populations.

scholarly journals Muscle biopsy technique for electrophoresis analysis of fish from the genus Brycon

1999 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 547-550 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre Hilsdorf ◽  
Danilo Caneppele ◽  
José Eduardo Krieger
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Muscle Biopsy ◽  
Restriction Enzymes ◽  
Electrophoretic Analysis ◽  
Stock Identification ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Biopsy ◽  
Present Technique ◽  
Total Dna ◽  
The Individual

Protein and mitochondrial DNA have been used as molecular markers to assess variability in stock identification studies of fishes. Protein and mtDNA used for electrophoretic analysis are extracted from tissues, which often leads to death of the individuals. In this study, we present a skeletal muscle biopsy procedure to extract mitochondrial DNA that does not require specimen sacrifice. Eighty pirapitinga-do-sul (Brycon opalinus) were biopsied by the present technique, with no mortalities recorded. Total DNA was extracted from muscle and digested by restriction enzymes ApaI and HpaI. The mtDNA fragment patterns were hybridized with 32P-labeled pirapitinga-do-sul mtDNA probes. The described technique is simple and may be useful in protocols requiring tissue extraction for DNA and protein analyses without loss of the individual investigated.

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