The stress response and the plasma disappearance of corticosteroid and glucose in a marine teleost, the sea raven

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 379-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. Vijayan ◽  
T. W. Moon
Keyword(s):  
Life Style ◽  
Acute Stress ◽  
High Threshold ◽  
Delayed Response ◽  
Tissue Uptake ◽  
Air Exposure ◽  
Sea Raven ◽  
Confinement Stress ◽  
Response To Stress ◽  
Post Stress

The objective of the study was to examine the physiological response to stress in a marine species with a sluggish life-style. The sea raven (Hemitripterus americanus), a marine benthic predator, did not produce elevated catecholamine levels when handled for blood removal, which facilitated repeated blood sampling from the same fish without cannulation. However, this species did release catecholamines in response to an acute stress (1 min of air exposure followed by 1 min of chasing), suggesting a high threshold (degree of external stimulation) for catecholamine release in this species. Plasma cortisol concentration increased significantly only after 1 h and remained elevated 4 h post-stress, showing a delayed response compared with salmonids. Plasma glucose concentration increased significantly at 0.5 h post-stress and remained elevated even at 24 h, while lactate levels dropped between 4 and 24 h post-stress. The delayed cortisol increase may not be due to altered plasma clearance, as no change in the plasma disappearance or tissue uptake of cortisol-derived radioactivity occurred with confinement stress in this species. Also, confinement stress did not alter the plasma disappearance or tissue uptake of radioactivity derived from glucose, indicating a higher production of glucose during stress. Food deprivation significantly increased the plasma disappearance and tissue uptake of both cortisol- and glucose-derived radioactivity in the sea raven. These results indicate that the hormonal response to stress in the sea raven is different from that of salmonids. This altered response may be an adaptation to prevent excess energy mobilization in a species with an inactive life-style and low metabolic activity.

scholarly journals Post-stress rumination predicts HPA axis responses to repeated acute stress

2014 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 244-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danielle Gianferante ◽  
Myriam V. Thoma ◽  
Luke Hanlin ◽  
Xuejie Chen ◽  
Juliana G. Breines ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hpa Axis ◽  
Acute Stress ◽  
Post Stress

scholarly journals Cardiac and Locomotor Responses to Acute Stress in Signal Crayfish Pacifastacus leniusculus Exposed to Methamphetamine at an Environmentally Relevant Concentration

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 2084
Author(s):  
Filip Ložek ◽  
Iryna Kuklina ◽  
Kateřina Grabicová ◽  
Jan Kubec ◽  
Miloš Buřič ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Waters ◽  
Acute Stress ◽  
Concentration Level ◽  
Pacifastacus Leniusculus ◽  
Cardiac Response ◽  
Signal Crayfish ◽  
Nontarget Organisms ◽  
Central Nervous System Stimulant ◽  
Response To Stress

Methamphetamine (METH), a central nervous system stimulant used as a recreational drug, is frequently found in surface waters at potentially harmful concentrations. To determine effects of long-term exposure to environmentally relevant levels on nontarget organisms, we analysed cardiac and locomotor responses of signal crayfish Pacifastacus leniusculus to acute stress during a 21-day exposure to METH at 1 μg L−1 followed by 14 days depuration. Heart rate and locomotion were recorded over a period of 30 min before and 30 min after exposure to haemolymph of an injured conspecific four times during METH exposure and four times during the depuration phase. Methamphetamine-exposed crayfish showed a weaker cardiac response to stress than was observed in controls during both exposure and depuration phases. Similarly, methamphetamine-exposed crayfish, during METH exposure, showed lower locomotor reaction poststressor application in contrast to controls. Results indicate biological alterations in crayfish exposed to METH at low concentration level, potentially resulting in a shift in interactions among organisms in natural environment.

D-lactate production in the acorn barnacle Balanus glandula (Darwin, 1854) (Cirripedia: Balanidae) under emersion stress

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 739-745
Author(s):  
Xenia L Rangaswami ◽  
Gordon T Ober ◽  
Sarah E Gilman
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Metabolism ◽  
Lactate Production ◽  
Aerobic Respiration ◽  
Balanus Glandula ◽  
Air Exposure ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Acorn Barnacle ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Response To Stress ◽  
Us West

Abstract Anaerobic metabolism is an important response to stress in many organisms. Intertidal species often face heat stress during low tide. Balanus glandula (Darwin, 1854) is a high-shore intertidal barnacle common to the Pacific that experiences prolonged low-tide air exposure. It is not known whether B. glandula uses anaerobic metabolism during emersion, or if its use varies by latitude. We measured low tide D-lactate production in two US west coast populations of B. glandula separated by 14 degrees of latitude. We exposed barnacles to seven low-tide air temperatures (10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, and 38 °C) for which aerobic respiration has been previously measured. Our northern population of B. glandula increased D-lactate production at high air temperatures where aerobic metabolic depression is known to occur, indicating sublethal stress. In contrast, our southern population showed little increase in D-lactate over the same temperature range, coincident with high aerobic respiration across those temperatures. In a second experiment, we quantified D-lactate at 1, 2, and 6 hours post-emersion for northern B. glandula exposed to either a 10 or 38 °C low tide, to measure their potential lactate usage. While D-lactate was elevated at 38 °C compared to the 10 °C control immediately following low tide exposure, it dropped to control levels, and was likely excreted, within 1 hour of re-immersion. Our results suggest that the low latitude population of B. glandula may be more resilient to climate change than its high latitude counterpart in the absence of adaptation, which has strong implications for species distribution.

scholarly journals Stress experience and hormone feedback tune distinct components of hypothalamic CRH neuron activity

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joon S. Kim ◽  
Su Young Han ◽  
Karl J. Iremonger
Keyword(s):  
Neuronal Activity ◽  
Acute Stress ◽  
Stress Hormones ◽  
Past Experience ◽  
Neuron Activity ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Stress Experience ◽  
Response To Stress ◽  
Lasting Impression

AbstractStress leaves a lasting impression on an organism and reshapes future responses. However, the influence of past experience and stress hormones on the activity of neural stress circuits remains unclear. Hypothalamic corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) neurons orchestrate behavioral and endocrine responses to stress and are themselves highly sensitive to corticosteroid (CORT) stress hormones. Here, using in vivo optical recordings, we find that CRH neurons are rapidly activated in response to stress. CRH neuron activity robustly habituates to repeated presentations of the same, but not novel stressors. CORT feedback has little effect on CRH neuron responses to acute stress, or on habituation to repeated stressors. Rather, CORT preferentially inhibits tonic CRH neuron activity in the absence of stress stimuli. These findings reveal how stress experience and stress hormones modulate distinct components of CRH neuronal activity to mediate stress-induced adaptations.

Event-Related Electrodermal Response to Stress: Results From a Realistic Driving Simulator Scenario

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 138-151
Author(s):  
Yannick Daviaux ◽  
Emilien Bonhomme ◽  
Hans Ivers ◽  
Étienne de Sevin ◽  
Jean-Arthur Micoulaud-Franchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Driving Simulator ◽  
Acute Stress ◽  
Electrodermal Activity ◽  
Stressful Events ◽  
Situational Factors ◽  
Electrodermal Response ◽  
Stress Reactions ◽  
Stress Experience ◽  
Response To Stress

Objective: The study goal was to test whether induced stress during driving could be measured at the event level through electrodermal activity responses. Background: Stress measured in simulation scenarios could thus far show an overall change in the stress state, but not be well attributed to acute stressful events. Driving simulator scenarios that induce stress measurable at the event level in realistic situations are thus warranted. As such, acute stress reactions can be measured in the context of changing situational factors such as fatigue, substance abuse, or medical conditions. Method: Twelve healthy female participants drove the same route numerous times in a driving simulator, each time with different random traffic events occurring throughout. During one of the scenarios, unknown to the participants, 10 programmed neutral traffic events occurred, whereas in another scenario, at the same location, 10 stressful events occurred. Results: Electrodermal response results showed both effects of scenario type and of events. The amplitude of the electrodermal response was significantly correlated with subjective stress experience. Conclusion: We conclude that our developed ecological driving simulation scenarios can be used to induce and measure stress at the event level. Application: The developed simulator scenarios enable us to measure stress reactions in driving situations at the time when the event actually happens. With these scenarios, we can measure how situational factors, such as fatigue or substance abuse, can change immediate stress reactions when driving. We can further measure more specifically how induced driving stress can affect physical and mental functioning afterward.

Objective Measurement of Performance during Acute Stress in Patients with Essential Hypertension: Assessment of the Effects of Propranolol and Metoprolol

1979 ◽  
Vol 57 (s5) ◽  
pp. 413s-415s ◽  
Author(s):  
F. G. Dunn ◽  
A. R. Lorimer ◽  
T. D. V. Lawrie
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Single Dose ◽  
Acute Stress ◽  
Blood Pressure Response ◽  
Objective Measurement ◽  
Pressure Response ◽  
Blocking Agents ◽  
Response To Stress ◽  
Car Driving

1. A standardized method of objectively measuring performance during simulated car driving is described. 2. The effect of a single dose of propranolol and metoprolol were compared with placebo in two groups of patients with untreated essential hypertension. 3. Performance was similar after β-adrenoreceptor-blocking agents or placebo. 4. Blood pressure response to stress persisted after administration of the blocking agents.

Immunological and psychological responses to psychosocial stress in caregivers of autistic offspring

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 1580-1580
Author(s):  
S. De Andrés-García ◽  
P. Sariñana-González ◽  
Á. Romero-Martínez ◽  
M.V. Sanchis-Calatayud ◽  
L. Moya-Albiol ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychosocial Stress ◽  
Acute Stress ◽  
Immunoglobulin A ◽  
Healthy Population ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Immunological Responses ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Immunological Effects ◽  
Iga Response ◽  
Response To Stress

IntroductionCaregivers of relatives with chronic diseases has shown lower rest levels of immunoglobulin A than non-caregivers (Gallagher et al., 2008). In response to mental stress, IgA levels used to be increased in healthy population (Okamura et al. 2010). Scarce studies have been focused on immunological effects of caregiving in response to stress, and the results are controversial. To our knowledge, there are no studies stressing this field in chronically stressed populations such as caregivers of autistic offspring.Objectives and aimsEvaluate whether caregivers present different psychosocial and immunological responses to acute stress than non-caregivers, as well as what is the role of gender in these responses.Methods38 caregivers of persons with autism and 35 non-caregivers were exposed to a psychosocial laboratory stress. IgA levels were measured before, during and after a set of several mental tasks, while the state of mood was evaluated before and after the stressors.ResultsCaregivers showed blunted IgA response to stress in men and women compared with non-caregivers, although the response pattern was different for each gender. Moreover, caregivers presented worse mood (depression, anger, fatigue, vigor and total score) than non-caregivers. Moreover, psychological effects of stress are inversely associated with levels of IgA, fundamentally during the task.ConclusionsCaregiving reduces IgA secretion in response to psychosocial stress, although differently in men and women. Further studies are necessary to explore other neuroendocrine factors, together with mood, that could be involved in this buffered response.

scholarly journals Formation of the phenomenon of stigmatization against individuals affected in emergencies from representatives of various social groups

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 193-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.M. Zakharova ◽  
A.S. Baeva ◽  
I.V. Gurin ◽  
V.V. Shkurko
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Traumatic Experience ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
Social Stereotypes ◽  
Personality Vulnerability ◽  
Response To Stress ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors ◽  
The City ◽  
The Town ◽  
Post Stress

In this article the authors consider the phenomenon of stigmatization as one of the unfavorable socio-psychological results of emergency situations raising the level of personality vulnerability though not studied enough so far. A study was made to reveal stigmatization with relation to persons who had suffered from emergency situations, among the inhabitants of the two regions exposed to terroristic attacks: that of North Ossetiya (the town of Beslan and the city of Vladikavkaz) and the Central Region (the city of Moscow). Analysis of the obtained data permitted one to make a conclusion of the presence of signs of stigmatization in both groups of respondents, of insufficient awareness in society of the specificities of individual forms of response to stress, of manifestations of post-stress mental disorders, as well as a transfer of social stereotypes related to persons with mental disorders to the victims. Socio-demographic factors causing outward stigmatization have been defined. A degree of expression of stigmatization tendencies depends on a respondent’s social status as well as on the past traumatic experience.

scholarly journals Driving me crazy: the effects of stress on the driving abilities of paramedic students

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Trevor Hines Duncliffe ◽  
Brittany D'Angelo ◽  
Michael Brock ◽  
Cal Fraser ◽  
Nick Austin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Driving Simulator ◽  
Acute Stress ◽  
Management Education ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Driving Ability ◽  
Driver Training ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Effects Of Stress ◽  
Working Day ◽  
Post Stress

<p><strong>Background</strong></p><p>Previous research has demonstrated that stress has a negative impact on the performance of paramedics while performing medical related tasks. Acute stress has also been shown to negatively impact the driving abilities of the general population increasing the number of critical driving errors performed. No literature was discovered that discussed the effects of stress on the driving abilities of paramedics.</p><p><strong>Methods</strong></p><p>Paramedic students underwent a driving ability assessment in a driving simulator. We then exposed them to a stress inducing medical scenario. Another driving assessment was then conducted. The numbers, and types of errors were documented before and after the scenario.</p><p><strong>Results</strong></p><p>36 students participated in the study. Paramedic students demonstrated no increase in overall error rate after a stressful scenario, but demonstrated an increase in three critical driving errors; failure to wear a seatbelt (3 baseline v 10 post stress, p= 0.0087), failing to stop for red lights or stop signs (7 v 35, p= &lt;0.0001), and losing controlling of the vehicle (2 v 11, p= 0.0052).</p><p><strong>Conclusion</strong></p><p>Paramedic students demonstrated an increase in critical driving errors after a stressful simulated clinical scenario. Paramedics are routinely exposed to acute stress during the course of their working day. This stress could increase the number of critical driving errors that occur. These results reinforce the need for further research, and highlight the potential need for increased driver training and stress management education in order to mitigate the frequency and severity of driving errors made by paramedics.</p>

scholarly journals Molecular and physiological responses predict acclimation limits in juvenile brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis)

2021 ◽  
Vol 224 (16) ◽  
Author(s):  
Theresa E. Mackey ◽  
Caleb T. Hasler ◽  
Travis Durhack ◽  
Jennifer D. Jeffrey ◽  
Camille J. Macnaughton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Shock ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Brook Trout ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
Acute Stress ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Heat Shock Protein 90 ◽  
Acclimation Temperature ◽  
Muscle Lactate ◽  
Air Exposure

ABSTRACT Understanding the resilience of ectotherms to high temperatures is essential because of the influence of climate change on aquatic ecosystems. The ability of species to acclimate to high temperatures may determine whether populations can persist in their native ranges. We examined physiological and molecular responses of juvenile brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) to six acclimation temperatures (5, 10, 15, 20, 23 and 25°C) that span the thermal distribution of the species to predict acclimation limits. Brook trout exhibited an upregulation of stress-related mRNA transcripts (heat shock protein 90-beta, heat shock cognate 71 kDa protein, glutathione peroxidase 1) and downregulation of transcription factors and osmoregulation-related transcripts (nuclear protein 1, Na+/K+/2Cl− co-transporter-1-a) at temperatures ≥20°C. We then examined the effects of acclimation temperature on metabolic rate (MR) and physiological parameters in fish exposed to an acute exhaustive exercise and air exposure stress. Fish acclimated to temperatures ≥20°C exhibited elevated plasma cortisol and glucose, and muscle lactate after exposure to the acute stress. Fish exhibited longer MR recovery times at 15 and 20°C compared with the 5 and 10°C groups; however, cortisol levels remained elevated at temperatures ≥20°C after 24 h. Oxygen consumption in fish acclimated to 23°C recovered quickest after exposure to acute stress. Standard MR was highest and factorial aerobic scope was lowest for fish held at temperatures ≥20°C. Our findings demonstrate how molecular and physiological responses predict acclimation limits in a freshwater fish as the brook trout in the present study had a limited ability to acclimate to temperatures beyond 20°C.

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