scholarly journals Embedding cosmology and gravity

2021 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhishek Goswami
Keyword(s):  
Field Theory ◽  
Symmetry Breaking ◽  
Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking ◽  
Sigma Model ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Abstract Space ◽  
Einstein's Equation ◽  
Expansion Of The Universe ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Dimensional Surface

AbstractI start with a scenario where the universe is an abstract space $${\mathcal {M}}$$ M having d dimensions. There is a two dimensional surface embedded in it. Embedding is a map from the embedded surface to $${\mathcal {M}}$$ M that has a field theory described by Sigma model. I take d directions of $${\mathcal {M}}$$ M to be the generators of a symmetry group SU(n) of the Lagrangian of the embedding. This means embedding has n flavors. Then I introduce spontaneous symmetry breaking in the theory and define the direction along which the symmetry breaking occurs as time. Next I write down the modified Einstein’s equation including the embedding. Then I discuss embedding’s relation to the expansion of the universe. After that I construct an inflationary scenario with embedding as inflaton and discuss its connection to Starobinsky $$R^{2}$$ R 2 model. Finally, I discuss the effect of inflation on the non-commutativity of the spacetime.

scholarly journals Nonperturbative aspects of spontaneous symmetry breaking

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (13) ◽  
pp. 2150074
Author(s):  
J. Gamboa ◽  
J. López-Sarrión
Keyword(s):  
Field Theory ◽  
Symmetry Breaking ◽  
Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Quantum Field ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Yang Mills ◽  
Scalar Quantum ◽  
Infrared Limit ◽  
Theory Formula

Spontaneous symmetry breaking is studied in the ultralocal limit of a scalar quantum field theory, that is when [Formula: see text] (or infrared limit). In this infrared approximation the theory [Formula: see text] is formally two-dimensional and its Euclidean solutions are instantons. For BPST-like solutions with [Formula: see text], the map between [Formula: see text] in two dimensions and self-dual Yang–Mills theory is carefully discussed.

scholarly journals The Dirac Sea, T and C Symmetry Breaking, and the Spinor Vacuum of the Universe

Universe ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 124
Author(s):  
Vadim Monakhov
Keyword(s):  
Field Theory ◽  
Quantum Field Theory ◽  
Symmetry Breaking ◽  
Momentum Space ◽  
Quantum Field ◽  
Conjugation Operator ◽  
Dirac Sea ◽  
Canonical Anticommutation Relations ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Dirac Conjugation

We have developed a quantum field theory of spinors based on the algebra of canonical anticommutation relations (CAR algebra) of Grassmann densities in the momentum space. We have proven the existence of two spinor vacua. Operators C and T transform the normal vacuum into an alternative one, which leads to the breaking of the C and T symmetries. The CPT is the real structure operator; it preserves the normal vacuum. We have proven that, in the theory of the Dirac Sea, the formula for the charge conjugation operator must contain an additional generalized Dirac conjugation operator.

Heuristic determination of the cosmological constant

2021 ◽  
pp. 2150114
Author(s):  
Manuel Urueña Palomo ◽  
Fernando Pérez Lara
Keyword(s):  
Field Theory ◽  
Energy Density ◽  
Cosmological Constant ◽  
Accelerated Expansion ◽  
Fundamental Constants ◽  
Quantum Field ◽  
Brute Force ◽  
Expansion Of The Universe ◽  
The Universe

The vacuum catastrophe results from the disagreement between the theoretical value of the energy density of the vacuum in quantum field theory and the estimated one observed in cosmology. In a similar attempt in which the ultraviolet catastrophe was solved, we search for the value of the cosmological constant by brute-force through computation. We explore combinations of the fundamental constants in physics performing a dimensional analysis, in search of an equation resulting in the measured energy density of the vacuum or cosmological constant that is assumed to cause the accelerated expansion of the universe.

scholarly journals Variance of Voltages in a Lattice Coulomb Gas

2021 ◽  
Vol 186 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Conache ◽  
Markus Heydenreich ◽  
Franz Merkl ◽  
Silke W. W. Rolles
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Symmetry Breaking ◽  
Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking ◽  
Temperature Regime ◽  
Gaussian Model ◽  
Coulomb Gas ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Discrete Gaussian Model ◽  
Dimensional Lattice ◽  
The Difference

AbstractWe study the behavior of the variance of the difference of energies for putting an additional electric unit charge at two different locations in the two-dimensional lattice Coulomb gas in the high-temperature regime. For this, we exploit the duality between this model and a discrete Gaussian model. Our estimates follow from a spontaneous symmetry breaking in the latter model.

scholarly journals Coherent states and spontaneous symmetry breaking in light-front scalar field theory

2006 ◽  
Vol 161 ◽  
pp. 223-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.P. Vary ◽  
D. Chakrabarti ◽  
A. Harindranath ◽  
R. Lloyd ◽  
L. Martinovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Theory ◽  
Scalar Field ◽  
Symmetry Breaking ◽  
Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking ◽  
Coherent States ◽  
Light Front ◽  
Scalar Field Theory

LEE–YANG FORCE, GAUGE SYMMETRY AND "DARK ENERGY"

2005 ◽  
Vol 20 (37) ◽  
pp. 2855-2859 ◽  
Author(s):  
JONG-PING HSU
Keyword(s):  
Dark Energy ◽  
Gauge Symmetry ◽  
Baryon Number ◽  
Lepton Number ◽  
Repulsive Force ◽  
Baryonic Matter ◽  
Gauge Invariant ◽  
Einstein's Equation ◽  
Expansion Of The Universe ◽  
The Universe

In 1955, Lee and Yang discussed a new massless gauge field based on the established conservation of baryon number. They predicted the existence of a repulsive force between baryonic matter, just as the conservation of electron–lepton number was later shown to imply the existence of a repulsive force between electrons. Although Eötvös experiments showed the force to be undetectably small at that time, such a force may be related to the dark-energy-induced acceleration of the expansion of the universe. If the gauge invariant Lagrangian involves a spacetime derivative of the field strength, the resultant potential has properties similar to that of the "dark energy" implied by the cosmological constant in the Einstein's equation.

scholarly journals Formation of complex two-dimensional dissipative solitons via spontaneous symmetry breaking

2014 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Skarka ◽  
N. B. Aleksić ◽  
M. Lekić ◽  
B. N. Aleksić ◽  
B. A. Malomed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Symmetry Breaking ◽  
Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Dissipative Solitons

BARYOGENESIS IN AN SO(10) GUT MODEL WITH PATI–SALAM INTERMEDIATE SYMMETRY

1998 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 1539-1546
Author(s):  
F. BUCCELLA ◽  
O. PISANTI ◽  
L. ROSA
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Symmetry Breaking ◽  
Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking ◽  
Neutrino Oscillations ◽  
Baryon Asymmetry ◽  
Gauge Model ◽  
Electroweak Scale ◽  
Proton Lifetime ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Breaking Scale

The possibility of generating the observed baryon asymmetry of the universe in an SO(10) gauge model with spontaneous symmetry breaking pattern [Formula: see text] is studied. We find it possible to generate a [Formula: see text], converting the leptonic number produced at the B- L breaking scale via the B+L violating processes mediated by sphalerons at the electroweak scale. The resulting picture is tested against the limit coming from experimental data: proton lifetime and neutrino oscillations.

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