scholarly journals The origin of rest-mass energy

2021 ◽  
Vol 81 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fulvio Melia
Keyword(s):  
Binding Energy ◽  
Rest Mass ◽  
Higgs Field ◽  
Back Reaction ◽  
Mass Energy ◽  
Cosmological Observations ◽  
The Standard Model ◽  
Annus Mirabilis ◽  
Baryonic Mass ◽  
The Universe

AbstractToday we have a solid, if incomplete, physical picture of how inertia is created in the standard model. We know that most of the visible baryonic ‘mass’ in the Universe is due to gluonic back-reaction on accelerated quarks, the latter of which attribute their own inertia to a coupling with the Higgs field – a process that elegantly and self-consistently also assigns inertia to several other particles. But we have never had a physically viable explanation for the origin of rest-mass energy, in spite of many attempts at understanding it towards the end of the nineteenth century, culminating with Einstein’s own landmark contribution in his Annus Mirabilis. Here, we introduce to this discussion some of the insights we have garnered from the latest cosmological observations and theoretical modeling to calculate our gravitational binding energy with that portion of the Universe to which we are causally connected, and demonstrate that this energy is indeed equal to $$mc^2$$ m c 2 when the inertia m is viewed as a surrogate for gravitational mass.

scholarly journals Higgs cosmology

2018 ◽  
Vol 376 (2114) ◽  
pp. 20170128
Author(s):  
Arttu Rajantie
Keyword(s):  
Particle Physics ◽  
Hadron Collider ◽  
Planck Scale ◽  
Higgs Field ◽  
Cosmological Observations ◽  
The Standard Model ◽  
Vacuum Instability ◽  
Ultimate Fate ◽  
Physics Experiments ◽  
The Universe

The discovery of the Higgs boson in 2012 and other results from the Large Hadron Collider have confirmed the standard model of particle physics as the correct theory of elementary particles and their interactions up to energies of several TeV. Remarkably, the theory may even remain valid all the way to the Planck scale of quantum gravity, and therefore it provides a solid theoretical basis for describing the early Universe. Furthermore, the Higgs field itself has unique properties that may have allowed it to play a central role in the evolution of the Universe, from inflation to cosmological phase transitions and the origin of both baryonic and dark matter, and possibly to determine its ultimate fate through the electroweak vacuum instability. These connections between particle physics and cosmology have given rise to a new and growing field of Higgs cosmology, which promises to shed new light on some of the most puzzling questions about the Universe as new data from particle physics experiments and cosmological observations become available. This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue ‘Higgs cosmology’.

scholarly journals A cosmological basis for E = mc2

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (10) ◽  
pp. 1950055 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fulvio Melia
Keyword(s):  
Binding Energy ◽  
Mass Formula ◽  
Rest Mass ◽  
Gravitational Coupling ◽  
Mass Energy ◽  
Gravitational Radius ◽  
Fundamental Physics ◽  
Free Falling ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Better Than

The Universe has a gravitational horizon with a radius [Formula: see text] coincident with that of the Hubble sphere. This surface separates null geodesics approaching us from those receding, and as free-falling observers within the Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker space–time, we see it retreating at proper speed [Formula: see text], giving rise to the eponymously named cosmological model [Formula: see text]. As of today, this cosmology has passed over 20 observational tests, often better than [Formula: see text]CDM. The gravitational radius [Formula: see text] therefore appears to be highly relevant to cosmological theory, and in this paper we begin to explore its impact on fundamental physics. We calculate the binding energy of a mass [Formula: see text] within the horizon and demonstrate that it is equal to [Formula: see text]. This energy is stored when the particle is at rest near the observer, transitioning to a purely kinetic form equal to the particle’s escape energy when it approaches [Formula: see text]. In other words, a particle’s gravitational coupling to that portion of the Universe with which it is causally connected appears to be the origin of rest-mass energy.

scholarly journals Some Critical Remarks on the Inflationary Universe Concept

1988 ◽  
Vol 130 ◽  
pp. 63-65
Author(s):  
Gerhard Börner
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Higgs Field ◽  
Quantitative Model ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Inflationary Universe ◽  
Fundamental Particle ◽  
The Standard Model ◽  
History Of ◽  
Simple Change ◽  
The Universe

The basic idea of inflation in cosmology is very simple: It is the assumption that the expansion factor R(t) of a Friedmann-Lemaltre cosmological model grows exponentially during a brief time interval in the very early universe. The phase of exponential growth is followed by a thermalizatlon stage and a subsequent “normal” evolution R(t)∼vt. This “Inflationary expansion“ can help to solve cosmological puzzles inherent in the standard model - such as the large-scale flatness, the horizon structure, the numerical value of the entropy in a comoving volume [for a review see Brandenberger 1985]. To turn this romantic idea of inflation into a quantitative model requires still a lot of work: The simple change in the thermal history of the universe must be derived from a fundamental particle theory. The models proposed so far do not inspire much confidence. In the following a few difficulties of the Higgs field idea, especially the Coleman-Weinberg formalism will be pointed out (section 1). In section 2 some problems connected with the investigation of initially strongly anisotropic or Inhomogeneous cosmological models will be mentioned.

scholarly journals MAGNETIC FIELD GENERATION IN HIGGS INFLATION MODEL

2012 ◽  
Vol 27 (08) ◽  
pp. 1250040 ◽  
Author(s):  
MOUMITA DAS ◽  
SUBHENDRA MOHANTY
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Planck Scale ◽  
Higgs Field ◽  
Jordan Frame ◽  
Back Reaction ◽  
Standard Model Higgs Boson ◽  
Magnetic Field Generation ◽  
Large Coupling ◽  
Inflation Model ◽  
The Standard Model

We study the generation of magnetic field in Higgs inflation models where the Standard Model Higgs boson has a large coupling to the Ricci scalar. We couple the Higgs field to the electromagnetic fields via a nonrenormalizable dimension six operator suppressed by the Planck scale in the Jordan frame. We show that by choosing the Higgs coupling λ(MZ) = 0.132 (which corresponds to mh = 126 GeV in keeping with the recent measurements by ATLAS and CMS) and curvature coupling ξ(MZ) = 103 we can generate comoving magnetic fields of 10-7 Gauss at present and comoving coherence length of 100 kpc. The problem of large back-reaction which is generic in the usual inflation models of magneto-genesis is avoided as the back-reaction is suppressed by the large Higgs-curvature coupling.

scholarly journals Dark Matter Realism

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Niels C. M. Martens
Keyword(s):  
Dark Matter ◽  
Dark Energy ◽  
Logical Empiricism ◽  
Mass Energy ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Standard Model ◽  
Luminous Matter ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Current Stage

AbstractAccording to the standard model of cosmology, $$\Lambda $$ Λ CDM, the mass-energy budget of the current stage of the universe is not dominated by the luminous matter that we are familiar with, but instead by some form of dark matter (and dark energy). It is thus tempting to adopt scientific realism about dark matter. However, there are barely any constraints on the myriad of possible properties of this entity—it is not even certain that it is a form of matter. In light of this underdetermination I advocate caution: we should not (yet) be dark matter realists. The “not(-yet)-realism” that I have in mind is different from Hacking’s (Philos Sci 56 (4), 555–581, 1989) anti-realism, in that it is semantic rather than epistemological. It also differs from the semantic anti-realism of logical empiricism, in that it is naturalistic, such that it may only be temporary and does not automatically apply to all other unobservables (or even just to all other astronomical unobservables, as with Hacking’s anti-realism). The argument is illustrated with the analogy of the much longer history of the concept of a gene, as the current state of the concept of dark matter resembles in some relevant ways that of the early concept of genes.

scholarly journals On the Relationship Between the Cosmological Background Field and the Higgs Field

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Roza
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Physics ◽  
Gravitational Constant ◽  
Rest Mass ◽  
Higgs Field ◽  
Background Field ◽  
Solar Systems ◽  
A Value ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Symmetry Break

It is shown that the relationship between gravity and quantum physics can be described in terms of the symmetry break of space due to elementary constituents, dubbed as “darks”, which constitute a universal energetic background field that extends from the cosmological level down to the nuclear level. It requires (a) the awareness of the polarisable second elementary dipole moment of a recently discovered third Dirac particle type, next to the electron-type and the Majorana-type, and (b) the awareness that Einstein’s Lambda is not a constant of nature, but, instead, a covariant integration constant with a value that depends on the scope of the cosmological system under consideration, such as solar systems and galaxies, eventually showing up as the Cosmological Constant at the level of the universe. The relationship has been made explicit by relating two major gravitational constants quantaties (the gravitational constant and Milgrom’s acceleration constant) with a single nuclear quantity (the rest mass of the pion derived from the Higgs boson value).

An extension of the Newtonian law of gravitation

1960 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 401-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Bastin
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Energy ◽  
Special Relativity ◽  
Relative Motion ◽  
Rest Mass ◽  
Mass Energy ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Velocity Of Propagation ◽  
The Universe

ABSTRACTAn attempt is made to relate such diverse phenomena as kinetic energy, rest mass energy, the size of the universe, the velocity of propagation both of light and gravitation, and the recession of the galaxies. The correlation is made by considering an extension of the Newtonian gravitational law which covers a particular simple case when the two attracting bodies are in relative motion. The extension is treated as postulatory, although in the last section using the idea of gravitational flux, the assumed gravitational law will be shown to be the simplest of a number of possible extensions to the Newtonian law. The paper implies a new approach to special relativity, and it is therefore hoped to treat aspects of the work in greater detail subsequently.

scholarly journals The Higgs boson and cosmology

2015 ◽  
Vol 373 (2032) ◽  
pp. 20140038 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikhail Shaposhnikov
Keyword(s):  
Dark Matter ◽  
Higgs Boson ◽  
Standard Model ◽  
Structure Formation ◽  
Higgs Field ◽  
Big Bang ◽  
Seed Structure ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
The Standard Model ◽  
The Universe

I will discuss how the Higgs field of the Standard Model may have played an important role in cosmology, leading to the homogeneity, isotropy and flatness of the Universe; producing the quantum fluctuations that seed structure formation; triggering the radiation-dominated era of the hot Big Bang; and contributing to the processes of baryogenesis and dark matter production.

scholarly journals The Higgs Field and Early Universe Cosmology: A (Brief) Review

Physics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 503-520
Author(s):  
Bart Horn
Keyword(s):  
Standard Model ◽  
Recent Work ◽  
Early Universe ◽  
Higgs Field ◽  
Scalar Fields ◽  
The Standard Model ◽  
Early Universe Cosmology ◽  
Selection Mechanisms ◽  
The Universe

We review and discuss recent work exploring the implications of the Higgs field for early universe cosmology, and vice versa. Depending on the model under consideration, the Higgs may be one of a few scalar fields determining the evolution and fate of the Universe, or the Higgs field may be connected to a rich sector of scalar moduli with complicated dynamics. In particular, we look at the potential consequences of the Higgs field for inflation and its predictions, for the (meta)stability of the Standard Model vacuum, and for the existence of dynamical selection mechanisms in the landscape.

scholarly journals Deducing the proton energy configuration

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (11) ◽  
pp. 284
Author(s):  
William S. Oakley
Keyword(s):  
Proton Energy ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Rest Mass ◽  
Far Field ◽  
Mass Energy ◽  
Proton Radius ◽  
Proton Mass ◽  
A Value ◽  
Partial Charges ◽  
The Standard Model

<p class="abstract">Articles published prior to 1994 by various authors indicate a mass energy sequence for the pion, muon, and electron in the ratios 4: 3: 2 respectively with increments of about 35.3 MeV, with the electron “rest mass” energy rotationally relativistic at α<sup>-1</sup>m<sub>e</sub>c<sup>2</sup>, ~ 70 MeV. Considering 35.3 MeV rotationally relativistic by α<sup>-2/3</sup> (≈ 26.58) extends the sequence to include the proton mass energy at 938 MeV, i.e. 26.58 <em>x</em> 35.3 MeV = 938.274 MeV. This observation leads to describing the proton as a single EM wave propagating in a toroidal path with volume contracted by α and thereby exhibiting unit charge in the far field, and evidencing partial charges in the near field consistent with the UUD quarks of the Standard Model. As with quantum chromodynamics (QCD), over 99% of the proton rest mass is relativistic in nature. A value for the proton radius is obtained within the empirical uncertainty<span lang="EN-IN">s. </span></p>

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