Enhanced Permeability and Retention (EPR) Effect and Tumor-Selective Delivery of Anticancer Drugs

2006 ◽  
pp. 37-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Greish ◽  
A. K. Iyer ◽  
J. Fang ◽  
M. Kawasuji ◽  
H. Maeda
Keyword(s):  
Anticancer Drugs ◽  
Epr Effect ◽  
Enhanced Permeability And Retention ◽  
Selective Delivery ◽  
Tumor Selective

scholarly journals Nanodrug Delivery Systems Modulate Tumor Vessels to Increase the Enhanced Permeability and Retention Effect

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 124
Author(s):  
Dong Huang ◽  
Lingna Sun ◽  
Leaf Huang ◽  
Yanzuo Chen
Keyword(s):  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Tumor Vessels ◽  
Epr Effect ◽  
Nanodrug Delivery ◽  
Enhanced Permeability And Retention ◽  
Macromolecular Drugs ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Vessel Network ◽  
Tumor Blood Vessels ◽  
The Relationship

The use of nanomedicine for antitumor therapy has been extensively investigated for a long time. Enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect-mediated drug delivery is currently regarded as an effective way to bring drugs to tumors, especially macromolecular drugs and drug-loaded pharmaceutical nanocarriers. However, a disordered vessel network, and occluded or embolized tumor blood vessels seriously limit the EPR effect. To augment the EPR effect and improve curative effects, in this review, we focused on the perspective of tumor blood vessels, and analyzed the relationship among abnormal angiogenesis, abnormal vascular structure, irregular blood flow, extensive permeability of tumor vessels, and the EPR effect. In this commentary, nanoparticles including liposomes, micelles, and polymers extravasate through the tumor vasculature, which are based on modulating tumor vessels, to increase the EPR effect, thereby increasing their therapeutic effect.

scholarly journals Thirty Years of Cancer Nanomedicine: Success, Frustration, and Hope

Cancers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1855 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucia Salvioni ◽  
Maria Antonietta Rizzuto ◽  
Jessica Armida Bertolini ◽  
Laura Pandolfi ◽  
Miriam Colombo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Safety Profile ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Clinical Relevance ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Design Development ◽  
Manufacturing Costs ◽  
Epr Effect ◽  
Enhanced Permeability And Retention ◽  
Cancer Nanomedicine

Starting with the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect discovery, nanomedicine has gained a crucial role in cancer treatment. The advances in the field have led to the approval of nanodrugs with improved safety profile and still inspire the ongoing investigations. However, several restrictions, such as high manufacturing costs, technical challenges, and effectiveness below expectations, raised skeptical opinions within the scientific community about the clinical relevance of nanomedicine. In this review, we aim to give an overall vision of the current hurdles encountered by nanotherapeutics along with their design, development, and translation, and we offer a prospective view on possible strategies to overcome such limitations.

scholarly journals Enhanced nanodrug delivery in tumors after near-infrared photoimmunotherapy

Nanophotonics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 1673-1688 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fuyuki F. Inagaki ◽  
Aki Furusawa ◽  
Peter L. Choyke ◽  
Hisataka Kobayashi
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Small Molecular Weight ◽  
Small Magnitude ◽  
Epr Effect ◽  
Nanodrug Delivery ◽  
Enhanced Permeability And Retention ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Limited Success ◽  
Effective Manner ◽  
Promising Avenue

AbstractTo date, the delivery of nanosized therapeutic agents to cancers largely relies on the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effects that are caused by the leaky nature of cancer vasculature. Whereas leaky vessels are often found in mouse xenografts, nanosized agents have demonstrated limited success in humans due to the relatively small magnitude of the EPR effect in naturally occurring cancers. To achieve the superior delivery of nanosized agents, alternate methods of increasing permeability and retention are needed. Near-infrared photoimmunotherapy (NIR-PIT) is a recently reported therapy that relies on an antibody-photon absorber conjugate that binds to tumors and then is activated by light. NIR-PIT causes an increase in nanodrug delivery by up to 24-fold compared to untreated tumors in which only the EPR effect is present. This effect, termed super-EPR (SUPR), can enhance the delivery of a wide variety of nanosized agents, including nanoparticles, antibodies, and protein-binding small-molecular-weight agents into tumors. Therefore, taking advantage of the SUPR effect after NIR-PIT may be a promising avenue to use a wide variety of nanodrugs in a highly effective manner.

scholarly journals Selective delivery of photothermal nanoparticles to tumors using mesenchymal stem cells as Trojan horses

RSC Advances ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (63) ◽  
pp. 58723-58732 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Mar Encabo-Berzosa ◽  
Marina Gimeno ◽  
Lluis Lujan ◽  
Maria Sancho-Albero ◽  
Leyre Gomez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Epr Effect ◽  
Selective Delivery

Mesenchymal stem cells can be usedin vivoas carriers of photothermal nanoparticles thanks to their ability to migrate and incorporate into tumors. A superior ablative effect is reached when using this strategy compared to the EPR effect.

From Passive Targeting to Personalized Nanomedicine: Multidimensional Insights on Nanoparticles’ Interaction with the Tumor Microenvironment

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aya A. Sebak ◽  
Basma M. El-Shenawy ◽  
Sara El-Safy ◽  
Mohamed El-Shazly
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Microenvironment ◽  
Protein Corona ◽  
Lymphatic Drainage ◽  
Biological Macromolecules ◽  
Passive Targeting ◽  
Epr Effect ◽  
The Past ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Enhanced Permeability And Retention ◽  
Therapeutic Outcomes

: Nanomedicine is revolutionizing the treatment of cancer and has achieved unprecedented outcomes over the past decades. The accumulation of nanoparticles (NPs) in different tumors relies mainly on the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect benefiting from the wide fenestrae of the tumor vasculature and the lack of lymphatic drainage. However, the EPR effect is recognized as a heterogeneous phenomenon resulting in heterogeneous outcomes of clinical trials. Extensive efforts are exerted to enhance the outcomes of nanomedicine in a larger cohort of patients by employing active targeting strategies. However, actively targeted NPs accumulate in tumors by the EPR effect and hence fail to achieve convincing therapeutic outcomes. These obstacles are gradually being removed by improving the understanding of the tumor microenvironment (TME) and the mechanistic interaction of the NPs with its different components. In this review, we provide detailed insights into the past concerns of drug targeting, the current trends of TME reengineering, and the future implications for overcoming past hurdles. Strategies explored in this regard included the use of companion diagnostics and the modulation of the protein corona associated with the systemic administration of NPs and their interaction with biological macromolecules.

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