scholarly journals EXISTENCE OF GROUND STATES OF HYDROGEN-LIKE ATOMS IN RELATIVISTIC QED I: THE SEMI-RELATIVISTIC PAULI–FIERZ OPERATOR

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (04) ◽  
pp. 375-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARTIN KÖNENBERG ◽  
OLIVER MATTE ◽  
EDGARDO STOCKMEYER
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Field ◽  
Fine Structure ◽  
Quadratic Form ◽  
Ground States ◽  
Structure Constant ◽  
Coupling Constants ◽  
Fine Structure Constant ◽  
Coupling Constant ◽  
Coulomb Coupling ◽  
Quantized Electromagnetic Field

We consider a hydrogen-like atom in a quantized electromagnetic field which is modeled by means of the semi-relativistic Pauli–Fierz operator and prove that the infimum of the spectrum of the latter operator is an eigenvalue. In particular, we verify that the bottom of its spectrum is strictly less than its ionization threshold. These results hold true, for arbitrary values of the fine-structure constant and the ultraviolet cut-off as long as the Coulomb coupling constant is less than 2/π. For Coulomb coupling constants larger than 2/π, we show that the quadratic form of the Hamiltonian is unbounded below.

Multiple Model of Anti-Grand Unification, The Regularization with Wilson Loop Action and Critical Coupling Constants

1997 ◽  
Vol 12 (02) ◽  
pp. 73-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. V. Laperashvili ◽  
H. B. Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Fine Structure ◽  
Wilson Loop ◽  
Structure Constant ◽  
Coupling Constants ◽  
Fine Structure Constant ◽  
Multiple Point ◽  
Multiple Model ◽  
Coupling Constant ◽  
Critical Coupling ◽  
Lattice Simulation

The present work considers the phase transition between the confinement and "Coulomb" phases in U(1) gauge theory described by Wilson loop action. It was shown (using as an example the approximation of circular loops) that the critical coupling constant is rather independent of the regularization method. Taking into account the renormalization by artefact monopole contributions and the existence of strings in confinement phase assuming the maximal value of the effective fine structure constant equal to α max =π/12≈0.26, we obtain α c ≈0.204, in agreement with Monte Carlo lattice simulation result: α c ≈0.20. Such an approximate regularization independence ("universality") of the critical couplings is needed for the fine structure constant predictions claimed from "the multiple-point criticality principle".

scholarly journals QED Response of the Vacuum

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerd Leuchs ◽  
Margaret Hawton ◽  
Luis Sanchez-Soto
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Field ◽  
Fine Structure ◽  
Vacuum Polarization ◽  
Structure Constant ◽  
Universal Constant ◽  
Fine Structure Constant ◽  
Speed Of Light ◽  
Source Current ◽  
Free Electromagnetic Field ◽  
New Perspective

We present a new perspective of the link between QED and Maxwell's equations. We demonstrate that the interpretation of $\mathbf{D}=\varepsilon_{0} \mathbf{E}$ as vacuum polarization is consistent with QED. A free electromagnetic field polarizes the vacuum, but the polarization and magnetization currents cancel giving zero source current. The speed of light is a universal constant, while the fine structure constant, which couples the electromagnetic field to matter, runs as it should.

scholarly journals Speculation on the Number 137 in the Fine-Structure Constant

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 58
Author(s):  
Mels Sluyser
Keyword(s):  
Fine Structure ◽  
Gravitational Force ◽  
Structure Constant ◽  
Physical Constant ◽  
Fine Structure Constant ◽  
Coupling Constant ◽  
Nuclear Forces ◽  
Fundamental Properties ◽  
M Theory ◽  
Fundamental Physical

<p class="1Body">The fine-structure constant (α) is a fundamental physical constant, <em>i.e</em>. the coupling constant characterizing the strength of the electromagnetic interaction. It is important to know why 1/α is approximately equal to the number 137, because this mysterious number very likely forms the link between three very important domains of physics: quantum mechanics, electromagnetism, and relativity. Since the Pythagorean prime number137 equals 4 squared plus 11 squared, it is here speculated that 1/α = 137 perhaps in some mysterious way reflects fundamental properties, for instance the 4 dimensions of Einstein’s space-time and the 11 dimensions of M-theory. Also, the number 4 might be related to the four forces, <em>i</em>.<em>e</em>. the electromagnetic force, the gravitational force and the strong and weak nuclear forces, or perhaps to another 4 and 11 combination of fundamental constants.</p>

scholarly journals Supersymmetry is Not Dead

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikola Perkovic
Keyword(s):  
Fine Structure ◽  
Strong Coupling ◽  
Structure Constant ◽  
New Physics ◽  
Strong Coupling Constant ◽  
Boson Mass ◽  
Experimental Result ◽  
Fine Structure Constant ◽  
Coupling Constant ◽  
Observable Universe

After the recent runs of the Large Hadron Collider failed to find any trace of sparticles predicted by the MSSM, the plurality of scientists went as far as to proclaim Supersymmetry dead. This paper will give strong arguments, all of which are supported by experimental evidence, to thecontrary. The problem that led to the failure to detect the sought after sparticles in the LHC probes of new physics beyond the Standard Model was in the low 1 TeV energy scale of the spontaneous Supersymmetry breaking and this paper will present a formula that sets the scaleabove 10 TeV and bellow 100 TeV. The formula in question unites the running values of the fine structure constant, the strong coupling constant and the electron Yukawa coupling. The results obtained for the fine structure constant when the Q scale equals the Z boson mass is in fullagreement with the experimental results as is the world average for the strong coupling constant as well. The predictions of the formula for the running of the strong coupling constant are also in great agreement with experimental result on all measured values of Q, including the most recent CMS collaboration measurements that used the double-differential inclusive jet cross section as a function of the jet transverse momentum and the absolute jet rapidity where they collected the data from LHC pp collisions at 8 TeV. The formula will also eliminate the problem of infinitiesin calculations of the running of the fine structure constant, known as the Landau Pole, and it will set the mass of the observable universe as the natural UV cutoff.

scholarly journals Physical Mathematics and the Fine-Structure Constant

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A. Sherbon
Keyword(s):  
Fine Structure ◽  
Golden Ratio ◽  
History Of Mathematics ◽  
Structure Constant ◽  
Early History ◽  
Coupling Constants ◽  
Fine Structure Constant ◽  
Hyperbolic Function ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Mathematics

Research into ancient physical structures, some having been known as the seven wonders of the ancient world, inspired new developments in the early history of mathematics. At the other end of this spectrum of inquiry the research is concerned with the minimum of observations from physical data as exemplified by Eddington's Principle. Current discussions of the interplay between physics and mathematics revive some of this early history of mathematics and offer insight into the fine-structure constant. Arthur Eddington's work leads to a new calculation of the inverse fine-structure constant giving the same approximate value as ancient geometry combined with the golden ratio structure of the hydrogen atom. The hyperbolic function suggested by Alfred Landé leads to another result, involving the Laplace limit of Kepler's equation, with the same approximate value and related to the aforementioned results. The accuracy of these results are consistent with the standard reference. Relationships between the four fundamental coupling constants are also found.

scholarly journals Physical Mathematics and The Fine-Structure Constant

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 5758-5764 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A. Sherbon
Keyword(s):  
Fine Structure ◽  
Golden Ratio ◽  
History Of Mathematics ◽  
Structure Constant ◽  
Early History ◽  
Coupling Constants ◽  
Fine Structure Constant ◽  
Hyperbolic Function ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Mathematics

Research into ancient physical structures, some having been known as the seven wonders of the ancient world, inspired new developments in the early history of mathematics. At the other end of this spectrum of inquiry the research is concerned with the minimum of observations from physical data as exemplified by Eddington's Principle. Current discussions of the interplay between physics and mathematics revive some of this early history of mathematics and offer insight into the fine-structure constant. Arthur Eddington's work leads to a new calculation of the inverse fine-structure constant giving the same approximate value as ancient geometry combined with the golden ratio structure of the hydrogen atom. The hyperbolic function suggested by Alfred Landé leads to another result, involving the Laplace limit of Kepler's equation, with the same approximate value and related to the aforementioned results. The accuracy of these results are consistent with the standard reference. Relationships between the four fundamental coupling constants are also found.

scholarly journals TIME VARIATION OF FINE STRUCTURE CONSTANT AND PROTON-ELECTRON MASS RATIO WITH QUINTESSENCE

2007 ◽  
Vol 22 (25n28) ◽  
pp. 2003-2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
SEOKCHEON LEE
Keyword(s):  
Fine Structure ◽  
Scalar Field ◽  
Field Potential ◽  
Structure Constant ◽  
Coupling Constants ◽  
Fine Structure Constant ◽  
Electron Mass ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Universe

Recent astrophysical observations of quasar absorption systems indicate that the fine structure constant α and the proton-electron mass ratio μ may have evolved through the history of the universe. Motivated by these observations, we consider the cosmological evolution of a quintessence-like scalar field ϕ coupled to gauge fields and matter which leads to effective modifications of the coupling constants and particle masses over time. We show that a class of models where the scalar field potential V(ϕ) and the couplings to matter B(ϕ) admit common extremum in ϕ naturally explains constraints on variations of both the fine structure constant and the proton-electron mass ratio.

scholarly journals New Limit on Space-Time Variations in the Proton-to-Electron Mass Ratio from Analysis of Quasar J110325-264515 Spectra

Symmetry ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 344
Author(s):  
T. D. Le
Keyword(s):  
Fine Structure ◽  
Structure Constant ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Fine Structure Constant ◽  
Electron Mass ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
Quasar Spectra ◽  
Time Variations ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Universe

Astrophysical tests of current values for dimensionless constants known on Earth, such as the fine-structure constant, α , and proton-to-electron mass ratio, μ = m p / m e , are communicated using data from high-resolution quasar spectra in different regions or epochs of the universe. The symmetry wavelengths of [Fe II] lines from redshifted quasar spectra of J110325-264515 and their corresponding values in the laboratory were combined to find a new limit on space-time variations in the proton-to-electron mass ratio, ∆ μ / μ = ( 0.096 ± 0.182 ) × 10 − 7 . The results show how the indicated astrophysical observations can further improve the accuracy and space-time variations of physics constants.

scholarly journals Measurement of the running of the fine structure constant below 1 GeV with the KLOE detector

2019 ◽  
Vol 218 ◽  
pp. 02012
Author(s):  
Graziano Venanzoni
Keyword(s):  
Fine Structure ◽  
Energy Region ◽  
Direct Evidence ◽  
Branching Ratio ◽  
Structure Constant ◽  
Fine Structure Constant ◽  
Recent Measurement ◽  
Single Measurement ◽  
Lepton Universality ◽  
Hadronic Contribution

I will report on the recent measurement of the fine structure constant below 1 GeV with the KLOE detector. It represents the first measurement of the running of α(s) in this energy region. Our results show a more than 5σ significance of the hadronic contribution to the running of α(s), which is the strongest direct evidence both in time-and space-like regions achieved in a single measurement. From a fit of the real part of Δα(s) and assuming the lepton universality the branching ratio BR(ω → µ+µ−) = (6.6 ± 1.4stat ± 1.7syst) · 10−5 has been determined

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