EXPERIMENTAL TEST OF A QUANTUM-LIKE THEORY: MOTION OF ELECTRONS IN A UNIFORM MAGNETIC FIELD, IN A VARIABLE POTENTIAL WELL

1999 ◽  
Vol 14 (07) ◽  
pp. 479-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. S. UNNIKRISHNAN ◽  
C. P. SAFVAN
Keyword(s):  
Electric Fields ◽  
Uniform Magnetic Field ◽  
Anomalous Behavior ◽  
Supporting Evidence ◽  
Potential Well ◽  
Electron Current ◽  
Secondary Electrons ◽  
Electron Transmission ◽  
Variable Potential ◽  
Classical Derivation

We describe an experiment to test a quantum-like theory which predicts quantum-like behavior for an ensemble of electrons in a classical configuration with static magnetic and electric fields. Some of the earlier experiments had supporting evidence for anomalous, quantum-like effects in such a situation showing systematic modulations of electron current when a retarding potential is varied, even though the quantum wavelength of the electrons in such a configuration was less than a billionth of the spatial width of the potential well. Our experiment conclusively rules out any nonclassical, quantum-like behavior in electron transmission through simple electric barriers, when magnetic fields are present. We identify secondary electrons generated at various electrodes as the main source of apparent anomalous behavior. We also present a classical derivation of the quantum-like equation describing the modulations.

X-Radiolysis Ion Yields and Electron Ranges in Liquid Xenon, Krypton, and Argon: Effect of Electric Field Strength

1973 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 641-649 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maurice G. Robinson ◽  
Gordon R. Freeman
Keyword(s):  
Field Strength ◽  
Gas Phase ◽  
Electric Fields ◽  
Zero Field ◽  
Energy Effect ◽  
Secondary Electrons ◽  
Total Ionization ◽  
Field Dependent ◽  
Free Ion ◽  
Ion Yields

X-Radiolysis ion yields were measured at electric fields between 1 and 60 kV/cm in argon at 87 °K, krypton at 148 °K, and xenon at 183 °K. The results were analyzed according to a theoretical model to obtain the total ion yields Gtot,the free ion yields at zero field strength Gfi0 and the most probable penetration ranges b of the secondary electrons in the liquids. The respective values were: Ar, 7.3, 2.9, 1330 Å; Kr, 13.0, 5.8, 880 Å; Xe, 13.7, 7.0, 720 Å. The total ionization yields in these substances are greater in the liquid than in the gas phase, probably due to smaller ionization potentials in the condensed phase (polarization energy effect). Field dependent electron mobilities are also reported.

scholarly journals A Curve-Shaped Beam Bistable Piezoelectric Energy Harvester with Variable Potential Well: Modeling and Numerical Simulation

Micromachines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 995
Author(s):  
Xiaoyu Chen ◽  
Xuhui Zhang ◽  
Luyang Chen ◽  
Yan Guo ◽  
Fulin Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Dynamic Responses ◽  
Force Model ◽  
Potential Well ◽  
Shaped Beam ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy ◽  
Straight Beam ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Variable Potential

To improve the energy harvesting performance of an energy harvester, a novel bistable piezoelectric energy harvester with variable potential well (BPEH-V) is proposed by introducing a spring to the external magnet from a curve-shaped beam bistable harvester (CBH-C). First, finite element simulation was performed in COMSOL software to validate that the curved beam configuration was superior to the straight beam in power generation performance, which benefits energy harvesting. Moreover, the nonlinear magnetic model was obtained by using the magnetic dipoles method, and the nonlinear restoring force model of the curve-shaped beam was acquired based on fitting the experimental data. The corresponding coupled governing equations were derived by using generalized Hamilton’s principle, the dynamic responses were obtained by solving the coupling equations with the ode45 method. Finally, the numerical simulations showed that the proposed harvester can make interwell oscillations easier due to the spring being efficiently introduced to pull down the potential barrier compared with the conventional bistable harvester. Spring stiffness has a great impact on characteristics of the system, and a suitable stiffness contributes to realize large-amplitude interwell oscillations over a wide range of excitation, especially in the low excitation condition.

Glycoproteins bound to ion channels mediate detection of electric fields: A proposed mechanism and supporting evidence

2007 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 379-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oleg V. Kolomytkin ◽  
Sharon Dunn ◽  
Francis X. Hart ◽  
Clifton Frilot ◽  
Dmitry Kolomytkin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ion Channels ◽  
Electric Fields ◽  
Supporting Evidence

scholarly journals On the prospects of high power wideband multibeam klystrons with depressed collector

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 02005
Author(s):  
Anatoly Galdetskiy ◽  
Serguey Scherbakov
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Regime ◽  
Q Factor ◽  
Electron Current ◽  
Secondary Electrons ◽  
Total Electron ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Collector Voltage ◽  
Depression Level ◽  
Depressed Collector ◽  
Resonator System

A new approach for bandwidth increasing of output resonator system in multibeam klystron is proposed. Significant lowering of loaded Q-factor is accompanied by decreasing of electron efficiency and output power which is compensated by depressing of collector voltage and enlarging total electron current by means of gaining the number of beams (bundles). We use dissected collector magnetic polepiece to restrict its heating by secondary electrons and to make possible rising of the depression level. Problems of temperature regime of collector polepiece are considered. Calculation demonstrates acceptable level of temperatures on polepiece.

Anomalous behavior in the spin polarization of low-energy secondary electrons from Gd(0001)

1993 ◽  
Vol 47 (9) ◽  
pp. 5047-5050 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Tang ◽  
T. G. Walker ◽  
H. Hopster ◽  
D. P. Pappas ◽  
D. Weller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spin Polarization ◽  
Anomalous Behavior ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Secondary Electrons

scholarly journals Electron guiding in macroscopic borosilicate capillaries with large bending angles

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hai-Dang Nguyen ◽  
Jan-Philipp Wulfkühler ◽  
Jörg Heisig ◽  
Martin Tajmar
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Study ◽  
Borosilicate Glass ◽  
Electron Current ◽  
Capillary Surface ◽  
Electron Transmission ◽  
Transmission Process ◽  
Glass Capillaries ◽  
Beam Currents ◽  
First Time ◽  
Bending Angles

AbstractThis work presents experiments about the transmission of electrons with an energy of around 15 keV with beam currents up to 20 µA through macroscopic glass capillaries. A systematic study was conducted to experimentally investigate the transmission of electrons through borosilicate glass capillaries with curve angles of 90°, 180°, 270° and 360° for the first time. The focus of the work was to identify the conditions under which the injected electron current is transmitted through the capillary. It was also shown that the transmission process in the macroscopic capillaries can be optically observed by cathodoluminescence—the interaction of electrons with the capillary surface causes locally a blue glow. Different distinctive “glow states” were observed and are found to correlate with different states of electron transmission.

scholarly journals Electron Guiding in Macroscopic Borosilicate Capillaries With Large Bending Angles

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hai-Dang Nguyen ◽  
Jan-Philipp Wulfkühler ◽  
Jörg Heisig ◽  
Martin Tajmar
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Study ◽  
Borosilicate Glass ◽  
Electron Current ◽  
Capillary Surface ◽  
Electron Transmission ◽  
Transmission Process ◽  
Glass Capillaries ◽  
Beam Currents ◽  
First Time ◽  
Bending Angles

Abstract This work presents experiments about the transmission of electrons with an energy of around 15 keV with beam currents up to 20 µA through macroscopic glass capillaries. A systematic study was conducted to experimentally investigate the transmission of electrons through borosilicate glass capillaries with curve angles of 90°, 180°, 270° and 360° for the first time. The focus of the work was to identify the conditions under which the injected electron current is transmitted through the capillary. It was also shown that the transmission process in the macroscopic capillaries can be optically observed by cathodoluminescence – the interaction of electrons with the capillary surface causes locally a blue glow. Different distinctive “glow states” were observed and are found to correlate with different states of electron transmission.

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