scholarly journals GROUND RING OF α-SYMMETRIES AND SEQUENCE OF RNS STRING THEORIES

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (31) ◽  
pp. 5897-5924 ◽  
Author(s):  
DIMITRI POLYAKOV
Keyword(s):  
Lie Algebra ◽  
Extra Dimensions ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Field Theories ◽  
Superstring Theory ◽  
Local Gauge ◽  
Work In Progress ◽  
Gauge Symmetries ◽  
Solvable Lie Algebra ◽  
Virasoro Type

We construct a sequence of nilpotent BRST charges in RNS superstring theory, based on new gauge symmetries on the worldsheet, found in this paper. These new local gauge symmetries originate from the global nonlinear space–time α-symmetries, shown to form a noncommutative ground ring in this work. The important subalgebra of these symmetries is U (3) × X6, where X6 is solvable Lie algebra consisting of six elements with commutators reminiscent of the Virasoro type. We argue that the new BRST charges found in this work describe the kinetic terms in string field theories around curved backgrounds of the AdS × CP n-type, determined by the geometries of hidden extra dimensions induced by the global α-generators. The identification of these backgrounds is however left for the work in progress.

scholarly journals UNITARITY OF NONCOMMUTATIVE FIELD THEORIES FROM STRING THEORY

2003 ◽  
Vol 18 (33n35) ◽  
pp. 2525-2532 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALESSANDRO TORRIELLI
Keyword(s):  
String Theory ◽  
Open String ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Bosonic String ◽  
Field Theories ◽  
Noncommutative Space ◽  
Quantum Field Theories ◽  
Quantum Field ◽  
Superstring Theory ◽  
Time Quantum

We improve the study of the lack of perturbative unitarity of noncommutative space-time quantum field theories derived from open string theory in electric backgrounds, enforcing the universality of the mechanism by which a tachyonic branch cut appears when the Seiberg-Witten limit freezes the string in an unstable vacuum. The main example is realized in the context of the on-shell four-tachyon amplitude of the bosonic string, and the dependence of the phenomenon on the brane-worldvolume dimension is analysed. We discuss the possibility of a proof in superstring theory, and finally mention the NCOS limit in this framework.

scholarly journals QED representation for the net of causal loops

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (05) ◽  
pp. 1550012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabio Ciolli ◽  
Giuseppe Ruzzi ◽  
Ezio Vasselli
Keyword(s):  
Space Time ◽  
Gauge Transformations ◽  
Local Gauge ◽  
C Algebras ◽  
Gauge Symmetries ◽  
Algebraic Quantum ◽  
Quantum Gauge Theory ◽  
Minkowski Space Time ◽  
Connection System ◽  
Model Independent

The present work tackles the existence of local gauge symmetries in the setting of Algebraic Quantum Field Theory (AQFT). The net of causal loops, previously introduced by the authors, is a model independent construction of a covariant net of local C*-algebras on any 4-dimensional globally hyperbolic space-time, aimed to capture structural properties of any reasonable quantum gauge theory. Representations of this net can be described by causal and covariant connection systems, and local gauge transformations arise as maps between equivalent connection systems. The present paper completes these abstract results, realizing QED as a representation of the net of causal loops in Minkowski space-time. More precisely, we map the quantum electromagnetic field Fμν, not free in general, into a representation of the net of causal loops and show that the corresponding connection system and the local gauge transformations find a counterpart in terms of Fμν.

scholarly journals The effects of quantum spectrum of 4 + n-dimensional water around a DNA on pure water in four dimensional universe

Open Physics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 831-838
Author(s):  
Massimo Fioranelli ◽  
Alireza Sepehri ◽  
Maria Grazia Roccia ◽  
Mahdieh Ghasemi
Keyword(s):  
String Theory ◽  
Extra Dimension ◽  
Extra Dimensions ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Dimensional Manifold ◽  
Curved Space ◽  
Open Strings ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Quantum Spectrum

Abstract Recently, a method for calculating the quantum spectrum of black holes has been proposed. We show that this method can be applied for radiations of 4 + n - dimensional water around a DNA. In this model, DNA acts like a black hole and produces a curved space-time in a water around it. In these conditions, molecules of water in four dimensional universe are entangled with some DNA-like structures in extra dimension. Consequently, the effects of structures of water in extra dimensions can be observed in four dimensions. The entangled structures emit some quantum spectrum which can be transmitted to pure waters. These waves produce a curved space-time in pure water and make an entanglement between structure of water on four and DNA-like structures in extra dimensions. As a result, some signatures of DNAs can be observed in pure water. This model helps us to understand the reason for the emergence of life on the earth. To explain the model better, we unify Darwin’s theory with string theory in a new Darwinian’s string theory. In this theory, a zero dimensional manifold decays into two types of closed strings. One type decays into open strings and then these strings join to each other and form cosmos. Another type decays into open strings which form biological matters like DNAs and molecules of water in universe and anti-DNAs and anti-water in anti-universe. Thus, DNAs and molecules water are connected to each other and anti-DNAs and molecules of anti-water in anti-universe through some closed strings. These strings helps to molecules of water to store their informations in extra dimension and have long time memory. Because, information that are transformed into extra dimensions through closed strings, could be returned into universe. Also, these closed strings could have the main role in DNA transduction. Because, they connect two tubes one including water and DNA and another pure water in universe to two tubes including anti-DNA and water in anti-universe and transform properties of DNA into pure water. As a result, Darwinian string theory can confirm both water memory and DNA transduction. Finally, this theory response to this question that why memory of water couldnt remain for a long time. In this model, open strings which connects atoms in universe with anti-atoms in anti-universe interact with open strings which connects molecules of water and anti-water and decrease their entanglement. This causes that exchanging information between water and anti-water decreases and memory is dis-appeared.

SPECTRAL FLOW AND FREE FIELD REALIZATIONS OF BOSONIC STRINGS ON NAPPI–WITTEN GROUP MANIFOLD

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (01) ◽  
pp. 149-160
Author(s):  
GANG CHEN
Keyword(s):  
Lie Algebra ◽  
Bosonic Strings ◽  
Free Field ◽  
Geometric Interpretation ◽  
Closed String ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Spectral Flow ◽  
Affine Lie Algebra ◽  
Group Manifold ◽  
Free Field Realization

In this paper we study some aspects of closed string theories in the Nappi–Witten space–time. The effects of spectral flow on the geodesics are studied in terms of an explicit parametrization of the group manifold. The worldsheets of the closed strings under the spectral flow of the geodesics can be classified into four classes, each with a geometric interpretation. We also obtain a free field realization of the Nappi–Witten affine Lie algebra in the most general conditions using a different but equivalent parametrization of the group manifold.

scholarly journals ON THE QUANTUM CHROMODYNAMICS OF A MASSIVE VECTOR FIELD IN THE ADJOINT REPRESENTATION

2013 ◽  
Vol 28 (14) ◽  
pp. 1350054 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALFONSO R. ZERWEKH
Keyword(s):  
Vector Field ◽  
Quantum Chromodynamics ◽  
Extra Dimensions ◽  
Scalar Fields ◽  
Discrete Symmetry ◽  
Adjoint Representation ◽  
Coupling Constants ◽  
Gauge Symmetries ◽  
Gauge Fixing ◽  
Definition Of

In this paper, we explore the possibility of constructing the quantum chromodynamics of a massive color-octet vector field without introducing higher structures like extended gauge symmetries, extra dimensions or scalar fields. We show that gauge invariance is not enough to constraint the couplings. Nevertheless, the requirement of unitarity fixes the values of the coupling constants, which otherwise would be arbitrary. Additionally, it opens a new discrete symmetry which makes the coloron stable and avoid its resonant production at a collider. On the other hand, a judicious definition of the gauge fixing terms modifies the propagator of the massive field making it well-behaved in the ultraviolet limit. The relation between our model and the more general approach based on extended gauge symmetries is also discussed.

In quest of higher dimensions – Superstring Theory and the Calabi – Yau manifolds

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deep Bhattacharjee ◽  
Sanjeevan Singha Roy
Keyword(s):  
String Theory ◽  
Higher Dimensions ◽  
Physical Reality ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Superstring Theory ◽  
Real Nature ◽  
Time Space ◽  
Klein Theory ◽  
Relative Notion ◽  
Definition Of

Higher dimensions are impossible to visualize as the size of dimension varies inversely proportional to its level. The more the dimension ranges, the least its size. We are a set of points living in a particular point of space and a particular frame of time. i.e, we live in space-time. The space has more dimensions that meets the human eye. We are living in a world of hyper-space. Our world being a smaller dimension is floating in higher dimensions. The quest for the visually of higher dimensions has been a fantasy to mankind but this aspect of nature is completely locked. We can transform dimensions i.e., from higher to lower dimensions, or from lower to higher dimensions, but only through mathematics. The relative notion of mathematics helps us to do the thing, which is perhaps impossible in the experimental part of physical reality. Humans being an element of 3 Dimensions – length, breath, height can only perceive one higher dimensions, that is space-time. but beyond that the notion of dimension itself changes. The dimensions got curled up in every intersection of the coordinates of space in such a way that the higher dimensions remain stable to us. But in reality it is highly unstable. In the higher dimensions, above 4, the space is tearing apart and joining again spontaneously, but the tearing portion itself covered by 2 dimensional Branes which acts as a stabilizer for the unstable dimensions. Dimensions will get smaller and smaller with the space-time interwoven in it. But at Planks length that is 10^-33 meter, the notion of space-time itself breaks down thereby making impossible for the higher dimensions to coexist along with space. Without space, there will be no identity of any dimension. The space itself is the fabric for the milestone of residing higher dimensions. Imagine our room, which is 3 dimensional. But what is there inside the room. The space and of course the time. Space-time being a totally separate entity is not quite separate when compared with other dimensions because it makes the residing place for the higher dimensions or the hyperspace itself. We all are confined within a lower dimensional world within a randomness of higher dimensions. Time being alike like space is an arrow which has the capability of slicing space into different forms. Thereby taking a snapshot of our every nano-second we vibrate within space-time. As each slice of time represents each slice of space, similarly each slice of space represents each slice of time. The nature of space-time is beyond human consciousness. It is the identity by which we breathe, we play, we survive. It is the whole localization of species that encompasses itself with space thereby making space-time a relative quantity depending upon the reference frame. The only thing that can encompass space-time or even change the relative definition of space-time is the speed, the speed far beyond the speed of light. The more the speed, the less the array of time flows. Space-time being an invisible entity makes the other dimensions visible residing in it only into the level of 3, that is l, b, h. After that there is a infamous structure formed by the curling of higher dimensions called CALABI-YAU manifold. This manifold depicts the usual nature of the dimensional quadrants of the higher order by containing a number of small spherical spheres inside it. The mathematics of string theory is still unable to solve the genus and the containing spheres of the manifold which can be the ultimate quest for the hidden dimensions. Hidden, as, the higher dimensions are hidden from human perspective of macro level but if we probe deeper into the fabric of the space-time of General Relativity then we will find the 5th dimension according to the Kaluza-Klein theory. And if we probe even deeper into it at the perspective of string theory we will be amazed to see the real nature of quantum world. They are so marvelously beautiful, they contain so many forms of higher dimensions ranging from 6 to 10. And even many more of that, but we are still not sure about it where they may exist in a ghost state. After all, the quantum nature is far more beautiful that one can even imagine with a full faze of weirdness.

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