Fabrication and thermal optimization of H+-implanted k9 glass waveguides

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (12) ◽  
pp. 2050120
Author(s):  
Chun-Xiao Liu ◽  
Jing-Yi Chen ◽  
Jie Zhang ◽  
Liao-Lin Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Optical Waveguides ◽  
Annealing Treatment ◽  
Refractive Index Profile ◽  
Continuous Annealing ◽  
Dark Mode ◽  
Mode Spectrum ◽  
Glass Waveguides ◽  
Coupling System ◽  
Proton Implantation ◽  
K9 Glass

The k9 glass emerges as the promising host for the waveguide formation, owing to its unique optical properties. Ion implantation is a powerful technique for the fabrication of optical waveguides. In this work, the 400-keV proton implantation at a dose of [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text] was performed on the k9 glass to manufacture optical waveguide. Continuous annealing treatment at intervals of [Formula: see text] was used to enhance the guiding performances of the waveguide. The dark-mode spectrum and the refractive index profile of the waveguide were obtained by a prism coupling system and a reflectivity calculation method, respectively. The near-filed intensity distribution was measured by an end-face coupling equipment. The results suggest that the light field can be confined within the waveguide layer.

Er3+/Yb3+ co-doped phosphate glass waveguides formed by the H+ ion implantation

2020 ◽  
pp. 2150099
Author(s):  
He Pan ◽  
Shuo-Qi Lin ◽  
Li-Jie Shen ◽  
Rui-Lin Zheng ◽  
Li-Li Fu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Energy Loss ◽  
Phosphate Glass ◽  
Refractive Index Profile ◽  
Planar Waveguides ◽  
Optical Systems ◽  
Glass Waveguides ◽  
Integrated Optical ◽  
Proton Implantation ◽  
Co Doped

The 400 keV proton implantation with a fluence of [Formula: see text] ions/cm2 was applied on the [Formula: see text] co-doped phosphate glass to fabricate a planar waveguide structure. The mode profile at the end face of the waveguide was measured by the end-face coupling technique. The energy loss profile of the energetic protons was calculated by the SRIM 2013. The refractive index distribution was simulated by the reflectivity calculation method. Based on these results, the formation theory of the planar waveguides was discussed through simulating the energy loss distribution and analyzing the reconstructed refractive index profile, which could be used for applications in the future integrated optical systems.

Planar waveguides in Yb3+-doped tellurite glasses fabricated by ion implantation of oxygen

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (08) ◽  
pp. 1550021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chun-Xiao Liu ◽  
Jun Xu ◽  
Zhi-Guang Zhou ◽  
Li-Li Fu ◽  
Rui-Lin Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ion Implantation ◽  
Tellurite Glass ◽  
Transverse Electric ◽  
Beam Propagation Method ◽  
Refractive Index Profile ◽  
Planar Waveguides ◽  
Dark Mode ◽  
Te Mode ◽  
Coupling System ◽  
Waveguide Fabrication

A planar waveguide is demonstrated in the Yb 3+-doped tellurite glass, using (5+6) MeV O 3+ ion implantation with doses of (4+8)×1014 ions/cm2. The implantation process of O 3+ ions into the Yb 3+-doped tellurite glass is simulated by the stopping and range of ions in matter (SRIM) 2010 code. The dark-mode spectra are measured by the prism-coupling system at λ = 632.8 nm. The reflectivity calculation method and the finite-difference beam propagation method are used to calculate the refractive index profile and the modal profile of transverse electric (TE) mode of the fabricated waveguide, respectively. The absorption spectra show that the transmission properties are not affected by the waveguide fabrication process.

Fabrication and properties of the He+-implanted K9 glass waveguide

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Lu ◽  
Hao-Yang Yin ◽  
Bai-Kun Chen ◽  
Liao-Lin Zhang ◽  
Li-Li Fu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Light Propagation ◽  
Optoelectronic Devices ◽  
Waveguide Structure ◽  
Glass Waveguides ◽  
Coupling System ◽  
Helium Ion ◽  
Fabrication And Characterization ◽  
Glass Waveguide ◽  
K9 Glass

This work reports on the fabrication and characterization of a K9 glass planar waveguide structure. The helium ion implantation was employed to form the waveguide on the K9 glass. The choices of the energy of 0.4 MeV and the dose of [Formula: see text] ions/cm2 were conducted by the SRIM 2013. The [Formula: see text]-line spectroscopy and the modal profile of the He[Formula: see text]-irradiated K9 glass waveguide were performed by the prism-coupling system and the end-face coupling technique at 0.6328 [Formula: see text]m, which suggests the capability of light propagation. The He[Formula: see text]-implanted K9 glass waveguides can serve as potential candidates for advanced integrated optoelectronic devices.

scholarly journals Grating induced transparency (GIT) and the dark mode in optical waveguides

2009 ◽  
Vol 17 (14) ◽  
pp. 11710 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hsi-Chun Liu ◽  
Amnon Yariv
Keyword(s):  
Optical Waveguides ◽  
Dark Mode ◽  
Induced Transparency

scholarly journals BaF2 Ridge Waveguide Operating at Mid-Infrared Wavelength

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yazhou Cheng ◽  
Xinbin Zhang ◽  
Hongxiao Song
Keyword(s):  
Ion Irradiation ◽  
Lattice Structure ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Annealing Treatment ◽  
Femtosecond Laser Ablation ◽  
Ridge Waveguide ◽  
Propagation Loss ◽  
Mid Infrared ◽  
Infrared Wavelength ◽  
Coupling System

We report on the fabrication of optical ridge waveguide in barium fluoride (BaF2) crystal by 15 MeV C5+ ions irradiation with femtosecond laser ablation. The near-field modal profile and propagation loss of the waveguide at mid-infrared wavelength 4 µm are investigated by using end-face coupling system. We implement a series of annealing treatment and it efficiently reduces the propagation loss of the waveguide. The confocal Raman spectra demonstrate that the lattice structure of BaF2 crystal does not change largely after C5+ ion irradiation.

Cyclic annealing versus continuous annealing of 20 wt.% chromium white cast iron

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (4) ◽  
pp. 404
Author(s):  
Siddhartha Sankar Mandal ◽  
Dipak Kumar Mondal ◽  
Karuna Sindhu Ghosh
Keyword(s):  
White Cast Iron ◽  
Annealing Treatment ◽  
Continuous Annealing ◽  
Air Cooling ◽  
Austenite Matrix ◽  
Subsequent Increase ◽  
Eutectic Carbides ◽  
Cyclic Annealing ◽  
Secondary Carbides ◽  
Forced Air

To destabilize as-cast microstructure of 20 wt.% chromium white iron, cyclic annealing involving repeated austenitization for short duration of 0.6 h at 900, 950, 1000, 1050 and 1100 °C followed by forced air cooling is conducted as an alternative to continuous annealing requiring austenitization for longer period of 4–6 h at the said temperatures followed by furnace cooling. Continuous austenitization destabilizes the austenite matrix through precipitation of secondary carbides and transforms the alloy depleted austenite to pearlite on furnace cooling, thereby reducing the as-cast hardness from HV 669 to HV466. In contrast, repeated austenitization not only destabilizes the austenite matrix through precipitation of secondary carbides followed by its transformation to martensite on forced air cooling, but also causes disintegration of longer eutectic carbides to shorter segments with subsequent increase in hardness to as high as HV 890. Notched impact toughness after both continuous and cyclic annealing remains uniformly at 12.0 J as compared to as-cast value of 6.0 J. Besides, an unexpected rise in abrasive wear resistance after cyclic annealing treatment makes the alloy superior than that obtained by continuous annealing treatment as practiced in industries.

Waveguides Fabricated in LiNbO3 by Proton Implantation

1991 ◽  
Vol 244 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Moretti ◽  
P. Thevenard ◽  
K. Wirl ◽  
P. Hertel
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Refractive Index Profile ◽  
Planar Waveguides ◽  
Optical Barrier ◽  
Dark Line ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Ion Energies ◽  
Optical Planar Waveguides ◽  
Proton Implantation ◽  
Mode Spectroscopy

ABSTRACTOptical planar waveguides, with a controllable thickness in a very wide range, typically from 3 to 20 μm, can be fabricated by thermally controlled proton implantation in LiNbO3. In the nuclear stopping region at the end of the ion's tracks a sufficient decrease in refractive index is obtained, thus forming an adequate optical barrier. The mode confinement was investigated by dark line mode spectroscopy, and the refractive index profiles were reconstructed. The effects of different ion fluences and ion energies in the Mev range on the refractive index profile at 300 K have been investigated.

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