MONOTONIC ERROR ELIMINATION IN SUBRANGE A/D CONVERTERS

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (01) ◽  
pp. 1250073
Author(s):  
N. PETRELLIS ◽  
G. ADAM ◽  
D. VENTZAS
Keyword(s):  
Processing Method ◽  
Post Processing ◽  
Signal To Noise ◽  
Successful Operation ◽  
Elimination Method ◽  
Processing Methods ◽  
Error Elimination ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Adc Architectures ◽  
Oversampling Ratio

Monotonic errors cause severe errors and are inherent in several A/D Converter (ADC) architectures. Moreover, several error correcting and ADC output processing methods require a monotonic behavior for a successful operation. Based on the features of asynchronous ADCs, an architecture for the elimination of monotonic errors is presented. This monotonic error correcting module is connected at the output of an ADC and does not require any modification in its internal circuits. It controls an output buffering stage that discards output codes with monotonic errors and this correcting procedure is triggered by changes in specific output bits of the ADC. Simulation results show an improvement by 8 dB or 25% maximum, in the signal-to-noise and distortion ratio (SNDR) of an 8-bit ADC if this monotonic error elimination method is used alone and a further improvement by 1–5 dB if it is combined with a post processing method developed by the authors. Similar improvement can also be achieved in several other architectures like Subrange or Folding ADCs that operate in relatively high oversampling ratio and suffer from monotonic errors with specific features.

scholarly journals Image Post-Processing Method for Quantification of Cracking in RC Precast Beams under Bending

Buildings ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 158
Author(s):  
Albert Albareda-Valls ◽  
Alejandra Bustos Herrera ◽  
Joan Zamora Mestre ◽  
Saeid Zaribaf
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
Crack Opening ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Processing Method ◽  
Digital Cameras ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Post Processing ◽  
Processing Methods ◽  
Bottom Face ◽  
Opening Width

Image processing methods are increasingly used in civil engineering, especially in the maintenance of concrete structures. Current digital cameras and post-processing methods allow verifying qualitatively the state of conservation of wide areas of concrete in dams and bridges. When dealing with building refurbishments and rehabilitation, it is important to verify that existing structural elements fit the requirements of the standards; in the case of structures formed by traditional RC joists, cracking of the bottom-face provides information about the serviceability of these elements. This research proposed and put in practice through experimental tests an image post-processing method for quantification of cracking (five specimens were used and calibrated). Based on a sequence of shots and through a complex step-by-step post-processing, cracks were identified and measured to calibrate this method for real purposes. The method quantifies the crack opening width and spacing by analyzing the bottom-face of the joists through the shots. Measured values of crack spacing are very similar to those predicted by the standards, while the values of crack opening width differ more from theoretical ones due to the scattering of results. However, the proposed method has been proved as suitable and useful for fast inspections of RC elements under bending.

Research of the Minimal Cut Sets Post Processing of the PSA Quantification Engine

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guofeng Tang ◽  
Wei Gao
Keyword(s):  
Safety Assessment ◽  
Binary Decision Diagram ◽  
Processing Method ◽  
Post Processing ◽  
Processing Methods ◽  
Binary Decision ◽  
Probabilistic Safety Assessment ◽  
Minimal Cut Sets ◽  
Minimal Cut ◽  
Quick Sort

Minimal Cut-sets (MCS) post processing is an important part of the Probabilistic Safety Assessment (PSA) analysis. Two alternative post processing methods have been described in this paper based on traditional and Zero-suppressed Binary Decision Diagram (ZBDD) methods. The first post processing method, named the Quick MCS Post Processing Method, obtains MCS results directly from the cut-sets list using a quick sort method according to a certain set of sorting rules. The alternative post processing method, named the ZBDD Based MCS Post Processing Method, obtains MCS results from the ZBDD structure which encodes the MCS, using the ZBDD algorithm according to the post processing rules. Tests show that both of the two methods can derive the accurate MCS post processing results.

Recent Patents on Micro-EDM Milling

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 219-229
Author(s):  
Baocheng Xie ◽  
Jianguo Liu ◽  
Yongqiu Chen
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Discharge ◽  
Electrical Discharge Machining ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Processing Method ◽  
Electrode Wear ◽  
Micro Edm ◽  
Processing Efficiency ◽  
Processing Methods ◽  
Machining Quality ◽  
Micro Electrical Discharge Machining

Background: Micro-Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM) milling is widely used in the processing of complex cavities and micro-three-dimensional structures, which is a more effective processing method for micro-precision parts. Thus, more attention has been paid on the micro-EDM milling. Objective : To meet the increasing requirement of machining quality and machining efficiency of micro- EDM milling, the processing devices and processing methods of micro-EDM milling are being improved continuously. Methods: This paper reviews various current representative patents related to the processing devices and processing methods of micro-EDM milling. Results: Through summarizing a large number of patents about processing devices and processing methods of micro-EDM milling, the main problems of current development, such as the strategy of electrode wear compensation and the development trends of processing devices and processing methods of micro-EDM milling are discussed. Conclusion: The optimization of processing devices and processing methods of micro-EDM milling are conducive to solving the problems of processing efficiency and quality. More relevant patents will be invented in the future.

scholarly journals Cooperative Spectrum Sensing Based on Convolutional Neural Networks

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 4440
Author(s):  
Youheng Tan ◽  
Xiaojun Jing
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Spectrum Sensing ◽  
Convolutional Neural Networks ◽  
Cooperative Spectrum Sensing ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Majority Voting ◽  
Signal To Noise ◽  
Hidden Terminal ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Sensing Performance

Cooperative spectrum sensing (CSS) is an important topic due to its capacity to solve the issue of the hidden terminal. However, the sensing performance of CSS is still poor, especially in low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) situations. In this paper, convolutional neural networks (CNN) are considered to extract the features of the observed signal and, as a consequence, improve the sensing performance. More specifically, a novel two-dimensional dataset of the received signal is established and three classical CNN (LeNet, AlexNet and VGG-16)-based CSS schemes are trained and analyzed on the proposed dataset. In addition, sensing performance comparisons are made between the proposed CNN-based CSS schemes and the AND, OR, majority voting-based CSS schemes. The simulation results state that the sensing accuracy of the proposed schemes is greatly improved and the network depth helps with this.

scholarly journals Post-Processing and Surface Characterization of Additively Manufactured Stainless Steel 316L Lattice: Implications for BioMedical Use

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1376
Author(s):  
Alex Quok An Teo ◽  
Lina Yan ◽  
Akshay Chaudhari ◽  
Gavin Kane O’Neill
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Surface Characterization ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Post Processing ◽  
Stainless Steel 316L ◽  
Processing Methods ◽  
Particulate Debris

Additive manufacturing of stainless steel is becoming increasingly accessible, allowing for the customisation of structure and surface characteristics; there is little guidance for the post-processing of these metals. We carried out this study to ascertain the effects of various combinations of post-processing methods on the surface of an additively manufactured stainless steel 316L lattice. We also characterized the nature of residual surface particles found after these processes via energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Finally, we measured the surface roughness of the post-processing lattices via digital microscopy. The native lattices had a predictably high surface roughness from partially molten particles. Sandblasting effectively removed this but damaged the surface, introducing a peel-off layer, as well as leaving surface residue from the glass beads used. The addition of either abrasive polishing or electropolishing removed the peel-off layer but introduced other surface deficiencies making it more susceptible to corrosion. Finally, when electropolishing was performed after the above processes, there was a significant reduction in residual surface particles. The constitution of the particulate debris as well as the lattice surface roughness following each post-processing method varied, with potential implications for clinical use. The work provides a good base for future development of post-processing methods for additively manufactured stainless steel.

Study on Properties of the Blends with Direct Coal Liquefaction Residue and Asphalt

2014 ◽  
Vol 488-489 ◽  
pp. 316-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Ji ◽  
Yong Shang Zhao ◽  
Shi Fa Xu
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Processing Method ◽  
Coal Liquefaction ◽  
Direct Influence ◽  
Processing Methods ◽  
High Temperature Properties ◽  
Additive Content ◽  
Direct Coal Liquefaction ◽  
Coal Liquefaction Residue

This paper studies the properties of the blends composed of DCLR (direct coal liquefaction residue) and asphalt using two different processing methods, compares the regulation that the DCLR additive content and processing method take influence on the high-temperature properties, low-temperature properties and durability of the blends. It is found that the DCLR can improve the high-temperature properties of asphalt but degrade its low-temperature properties. The properties of blends composed of DCLR, asphalt and furfural extract oil are tested and analyzed by adding a certain amount of furfural extract oil into it, which shows that adding DCLR can improve the high-temperature properties of asphalt and reduce its low-temperature properties but can hardly cause any impact on the properties of the blends. In addition, the processing method has a direct influence on the properties of blends.

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