MODELING FOR COST ANALYSIS OF JOHNE'S DISEASE CONTROL BASED ON EVELISA TESTING

2013 ◽  
Vol 21 (04) ◽  
pp. 1340010 ◽  
Author(s):  
TYLER MASSARO ◽  
SUZANNE LENHART ◽  
MEREDITH SPENCE ◽  
CRYSTAL DRAKES ◽  
GUANG YANG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control Measure ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Elisa Test ◽  
Johne's Disease ◽  
Johne’S Disease ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Cattle Industry ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium Subsp Paratuberculosis

Use of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is recommended for control of Johne's disease (JD) in the cattle industry. A recent report showed that prevalence of JD in dairy farms could be reduced by applying an ELISA-based control strategy, even though the sensitivity of the current ELISA has been reported to be lower than 30%. We previously developed a more sensitive ELISA test (EVELISA; Ethanol Vortex ELISA) for diagnosis of JD and, in this report, aimed to evaluate cost-effectiveness of the EVELISA in JD control compared to that of a current ELISA test. For simulation of population dynamics, we developed a deterministic, discrete-time mathematical model incorporating contact structure, possibility of adult infection and the concept of order of events. In our model, the number of animals infected with the causative agent of JD, Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP), increases in a 10-year simulation if no JD control measure is applied. When test results of ELISA or EVELISA are used for JD control, the increase in MAP-infected animals is less significant. According to our model, EVELISA-based control measures increase the annual per capita revenue of US dairy farms when compared to no JD control and ELISA-based JD control, respectively.

scholarly journals The collection of lymphatic fluid from the bovine udder and its use for the detection of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in the cow

2011 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes L. Khol ◽  
Pablo J. Pinedo ◽  
Claus D. Buergelt ◽  
Laura M. Neumann ◽  
Walter Baumgartner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Avium ◽  
Fluid Collection ◽  
Johne's Disease ◽  
Johne’S Disease ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium Subsp ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Lymph Fluid ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium Subsp Paratuberculosis ◽  
Lymphatic Fluid ◽  
Elisa Result

The objective of the current study was to evaluate the feasibility of lymph collection from the bovine udder and to investigate if the lymphatic fluid might be of diagnostic value in cows infected with Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP), the etiologic agent of paratuberculosis. Lymph fluid collection was attempted from 58 cows, and the reactions of the cows as well as the level of difficulty of the procedure were recorded in 56 animals. Lymph samples (51 in total) were tested for the presence of MAP by nested polymerase chain reaction. Collection of the lymphatic fluid caused no or mild signs of discomfort in 94.6% of the cows; in 51.8% of cows, lymphatic fluid was attained on the first attempt, while sample collection was unsuccessful in 12.1%. Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis was detected in 43.1% of all lymph samples. The bacterium was present in 66.7% of cows with clinical Johne’s disease, in 42.8% of asymptomatic cows with a positive or suspicious enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) result in blood, and in 38.7% of cows with a negative ELISA result in blood. The present study shows that the procedure was well tolerated by most cows and can easily be performed on farm. The current report of the isolation of MAP from lymph fluid suggests that the present approach could be used for the early detection of Johne’s disease in cattle.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Result Variability with a Commercial Johne's Disease Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Kit and Repeat Testing of Samples

2002 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 423-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M. Adaska ◽  
Claudia A. Muñoz-Zanzi ◽  
Sharon K. Hietala
Keyword(s):  
Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium Subspecies Paratuberculosis ◽  
Johne's Disease ◽  
Johne’S Disease ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Large Animal ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Elisa Kit ◽  
Individual Test

Two hundred one serum samples from individual dairy cows with a range of results on initial testing with a commercial Johne's disease enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit were repeat tested 5 times in each of 2 laboratories with kits produced by the same manufacturer. The results for the samples with all 10 replicates showed that the values for individual samples often had a coefficient of variation greater than 20%. As expected, the standard deviation for the results increased as the average value increased and the coefficient of variation was greater in samples with low mean values. The different lots of the commercial ELISA kit used in this study had a significant effect on both the optical density and the calculated sample to positive (S/P) ratio for test replicates. Based on the variability detected in S/P ratios of replicate samples, application of a single cutoff point to interpret individual test results as positive or negative for antibodies to Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis could result in inconsistent classification of animals as positive or negative for Johne's disease. Such inconsistency in test interpretation leads to frustration in large animal veterinarians or producers trying to make management decisions based on individual test results. Instead of dichotomizing the test results as positive or negative based on a single cutoff value, reporting numerical values and supplying a classification scheme that includes a suspect category reflecting the uncertainty inherent in the test is recommended to provide more reliable result interpretation.

scholarly journals Presence of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in Environmental Samples Collected on Commercial Dutch Dairy Farms

2010 ◽  
Vol 76 (18) ◽  
pp. 6310-6312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanne W. F. Eisenberg ◽  
Ad P. Koets ◽  
Jeroen Hoeboer ◽  
Marina Bouman ◽  
Dick Heederik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Avium ◽  
Causative Agent ◽  
Environmental Samples ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Johne's Disease ◽  
Johne’S Disease ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium Subsp ◽  
Young Stock ◽  
Settled Dust ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium Subsp Paratuberculosis

ABSTRACT Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, the causative agent of Johne's disease in cattle, was identified in settled-dust samples of Dutch commercial dairy farms, both in the dairy barn and in the young stock housing. Bioaerosols may play a role in within-farm M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis transmission.

scholarly journals A Novel Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Diagnosis of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis Infections (Johne's Disease) in Cattle

2006 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 535-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Speer ◽  
M. Cathy Scott ◽  
John P. Bannantine ◽  
W. Ray Waters ◽  
Yasuyuki Mori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium ◽  
Johne's Disease ◽  
Johne’S Disease ◽  
Diagnostic Sensitivity ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Formaldehyde Concentration ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium Subsp Paratuberculosis ◽  
Diagnostic Sensitivity And Specificity

ABSTRACT Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) for the diagnosis of Johne's disease (JD), caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, were developed using whole bacilli treated with formaldehyde (called WELISA) or surface antigens obtained by treatment of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis bacilli with formaldehyde and then brief sonication (called SELISA). ELISA plates were coated with either whole bacilli or sonicated antigens and tested for reactivity against serum obtained from JD-positive and JD-negative cattle or from calves experimentally inoculated with M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis, Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium, or Mycobacterium bovis. Because the initial results obtained from the WELISA and SELISA were similar, most of the subsequent experiments reported herein were performed using the SELISA method. To optimize the SELISA test, various concentrations (3.7 to 37%) of formaldehyde and intervals of sonication (2 to 300 s) were tested. With an increase in formaldehyde concentration and a decreased interval of sonication, there was a concomitant decrease in nonspecific binding by the SELISA. SELISAs prepared by treating M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis with 37% formaldehyde and then a 2-s burst of sonication produced the greatest difference (7×) between M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis-negative and M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis-positive serum samples. The diagnostic sensitivity and specificity for JD by the SELISA were greater than 95%. The SELISA showed subspecies-specific detection of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis infections in calves experimentally inoculated with M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis or other mycobacteria. Based on diagnostic sensitivity and specificity, the SELISA appears superior to the commercial ELISAs routinely used for the diagnosis of JD.

scholarly journals Low rate of detectable in utero transmission of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis in a dairy herd with a low prevalence of Johne’s disease

2011 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M. Adaska ◽  
Robert H. Whitlock
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Avium ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium Subspecies Paratuberculosis ◽  
Dairy Herd ◽  
In Utero ◽  
Johne's Disease ◽  
Johne’S Disease ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Causal Organism ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium Subsp Paratuberculosis

In an effort to correlate the likelihood of in utero transmission of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP), the causal organism of Johne’s disease, with the test status of the dam, tissues from neonatal calves borne to known test status cows were cultured for the presence of MAP. Tissues from a single calf borne to a test-positive cow shedding large numbers of organisms in the feces were positive for MAP. The detected overall transmission rate was approximately 2% (1/49), and the detected transmission rate in cows that were fecal culture positive and serum enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay suspect or positive was approximately 4.3% (1/23).

scholarly journals Development of specific immunity in laboratory animals after co-immunization against seasonal influenza and COVID-19

2022 ◽  
Vol 98 (6) ◽  
pp. 648-656
Author(s):  
G. M. Ignatyev ◽  
I. A. Leneva ◽  
A. V. Atrasheuskaya ◽  
L. I. Kozlovskaya ◽  
N. P. Kartashova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Seasonal Influenza ◽  
Neutralization Test ◽  
Elisa Test ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Post Vaccination ◽  
Specific Immunity ◽  
Influenza Prevention

Introduction. In clinical practice, the differential diagnosis of COVID-19 can be challenging during the flu season, entailing serious consequences such as delays in appropriate control measures against the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Another problem is posed by co-infection of SARS-CoV-2 and influenza virus (IV), which significantly contributes to the severity of the COVID-19 disease. This study was aimed to explore the cross-impact of co-administration of Russian influenza and COVID-19 vaccines on development of specific immunity in laboratory animals.Materials and methods. The study was conducted on BALB/c mice. The animals were inoculated intramuscularly with the vaccine for COVID-19 prevention (CoviVac) and the vaccine for influenza prevention (Flu-M). The sera from the immunized animals were examined separately. Three IV strains were used in the hemagglutination inhibition assay. Antibodies (Abs) against SARS-CoV-2 were detected by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The neutralization test was performed to detect virus neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 and IV.Results. Relatively high titers of specific Abs were found in the groups of animals inoculated with one vaccine and with two vaccines concurrently. In the groups of animals inoculated with CoviVac and with two vaccines concurrently, both in the ELISA test and in the neutralization test, the average titers of specific Abs against SARSCoV- 2 did not demonstrate any statistical difference. The group of animals inoculated concurrently with two vaccines demonstrated statistically higher titers of Abs against IV after the second immunization compared to the group of animals inoculated with Flu-M.Discussion. The study has shown that post-vaccination immunity both to IV and to SARS-CoV-2 develops after co-vaccination with two vaccines. The observed enhanced post-vaccination immune response to IV in the coimmunized laboratory animals needs further research.Conclusion. The performed studies suggest the possibility of co-administration of two vaccines to prevent influenza and COVID-19.

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