DIFFERENCES IN RADIOGRAPHIC FINDINGS BETWEEN SCAPHOID FRACTURE PATTERNS

Scaphoid fracture patterns can be divided into volar and dorsal type using three-dimensional computed tomography. Ninety-nine patients underwent this examination plus radiography to determine how often fracture pattern was identifiable by radiography including proximal fragment ratio (PFR) measurement. Oblique radiographs obtained at 45° of pronation demonstrated a volar displacement in 28 of 37 volar type fractures in three-dimensional computed tomography (76%), while as oblique view with 45° of supination could identify the dorsal type in ten of 18 (56%). PFR showed a significant difference, with means of 0.59 for volar type and 0.43 for dorsal type. Using oblique views in the two rotational directions together with the PFR, the two fracture patterns could be differentiated in 35 of 43 fractures (81%). No differences were evident between the two fracture patterns with respect to prevalence of dorsal intercalated segment instability deformity.

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Scaphoid Fracture Patterns—Part One: Three-Dimensional Computed Tomography Analysis

Journal of Wrist Surgery ◽

10.1055/s-0039-1693050 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 08 (06) ◽

pp. 441-445

Author(s):

Tessa Drijkoningen ◽

Amin Mohamadi ◽

Shai Luria ◽

Geert A. Buijze

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Scaphoid Fracture ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Principal Component ◽

Fracture Pattern ◽

Level Of Evidence ◽

Avulsion Fractures ◽

Density Mapping ◽

Scaphoid Fractures ◽

Fracture Area

Abstract Objective Using three-dimensional (3D) computed tomography models of acute scaphoid fractures, we looked for differences between volumetric size of the fracture fragments, recognizable groups, or a shared common fracture area. Methods We studied 51 patients with an adequate computed tomography scan of an acute scaphoid fracture using 3D modeling. Fracture surfaces were identified and fragment volumetric size of the fracture fragments was measured. A principal component analysis was used to find groups. Density mapping was used to image probable common fracture areas in the scaphoid. Results Forty-nine of 51 fractures had a similar pattern. It was not possible to identify subgroups based on fracture pattern. The mean volumetric size of the fracture fragments of the proximal (1.45 cm3 ± 0.49 cm3 standard deviation [SD]) and distal fracture fragments (1.53 cm3 ± 0.48 cm3 SD) was similar. There was a single common fracture area in the middle third of the bone. In the distal third, there were no horizontal fractures through—but only directly proximal to—the tubercle suggesting that these would be best classified as distal waist fractures. Conclusion Acute scaphoid fractures mainly occur in the middle third of the bone and tend to divide the scaphoid in half by volumetric size of the fracture fragments. There were two distinct grouping patterns: fractures through the proximal and middle third were horizontal oblique, whereas fractures of the distal third were vertical oblique. It seems that scaphoid fractures might be classified into proximal pole fractures, a range of waist fractures, and tubercle avulsion fractures. Level of evidence This is a Level IV study.

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Three-dimensional assessment of the anterior and inferior loop of the inferior alveolar nerve using computed tomography images in patients with and without mandibular asymmetry

BMC Oral Health ◽

10.1186/s12903-021-01424-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Jae-Young Kim ◽

Michael D. Han ◽

Kug Jin Jeon ◽

Jong-Ki Huh ◽

Kwang-Ho Park

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Symmetry Group ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Inferior Alveolar Nerve ◽

Mental Foramen ◽

3D Analysis ◽

Mandibular Asymmetry ◽

Computed Tomography Images ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Mandibular Body

Abstract Background The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences in configuration and dimensions of the anterior loop of the inferior alveolar nerve (ALIAN) in patients with and without mandibular asymmetry. Method Preoperative computed tomography images of patients who had undergone orthognathic surgery from January 2016 to December 2018 at a single institution were analyzed. Subjects were classified into two groups as “Asymmetry group” and “Symmetry group”. The distance from the most anterior and most inferior points of the ALIAN (IANant and IANinf) to the vertical and horizontal reference planes were measured (dAnt and dInf). The distance from IANant and IANinf to the mental foramen were also calculated (dAnt_MF and dInf_MF). The length of the mandibular body and symphysis area were measured. All measurements were analyzed using 3D analysis software. Results There were 57 total eligible subjects. In the Asymmetry group, dAnt and dAnt_MF on the non-deviated side were significantly longer than the deviated side (p < 0.001). dInf_MF on the non-deviated side was also significantly longer than the deviated side (p = 0.001). Mandibular body length was significantly longer on the non-deviated side (p < 0.001). There was no significant difference in length in the symphysis area (p = 0.623). In the Symmetry group, there was no difference between the left and right sides for all variables. Conclusion In asymmetric patients, there is a difference tendency in the ALIAN between the deviated and non-deviated sides. In patients with mandibular asymmetry, this should be considered during surgery in the anterior mandible.

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A volumetric three-dimensional evaluation of invasiveness of an endoscopic and microscopic approach for transmeatal visualisation of the middle ear

The Journal of Laryngology & Otology ◽

10.1017/s0022215121000293 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-5

Author(s):

A H A Baazil ◽

J G G Dobbe ◽

E van Spronsen ◽

F A Ebbens ◽

F G Dikkers ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Middle Ear ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Endoscopic Approach ◽

Microscopic Approach ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Computed Tomography Scans ◽

The Difference ◽

Group 2 ◽

Group 1

Abstract Objective This study aimed to compare the necessary scutum defect for transmeatal visualisation of middle-ear landmarks between an endoscopic and microscopic approach. Method Human cadaveric heads were used. In group 1, middle-ear landmarks were visualised by endoscope (group 1 endoscopic approach) and subsequently by microscope (group 1 microscopic approach following endoscopy). In group 2, landmarks were visualised solely microscopically (group 2 microscopic approach). The amount of resected bone was evaluated via computed tomography scans. Results In the group 1 endoscopic approach, a median of 6.84 mm3 bone was resected. No statistically significant difference (Mann–Whitney U test, p = 0.163, U = 49.000) was found between the group 1 microscopic approach following endoscopy (median 17.84 mm3) and the group 2 microscopic approach (median 20.08 mm3), so these were combined. The difference between the group 1 endoscopic approach and the group 1 microscopic approach following endoscopy plus group 2 microscopic approach (median 18.16 mm3) was statistically significant (Mann–Whitney U test, p < 0.001, U = 18.000). Conclusion This study showed that endoscopic transmeatal visualisation of middle-ear landmarks preserves more of the bony scutum than a microscopic transmeatal approach.

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Diagnosis and t-staging of gastric cancer: comparison of standard computed tomography and computed-tomographic pneumogastrography

Vestnik of Russian military medical Academy ◽

10.17816/brmma70384 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 23 (2) ◽

pp. 99-106

Author(s):

Inna D. Amelina ◽

Lev N. Shevkunov ◽

Aleksey M. Karachun ◽

Alexander E. Mikhnin ◽

Denis V. Nesterov

Keyword(s):

Gastric Cancer ◽

Computed Tomography ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

High Sensitivity ◽

Subtotal Resection ◽

Standard Protocol ◽

Computed Tomographic ◽

T Stage ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Virtual Gastroscopy

The advantages of computed tomographic pneumogastrography with the possibility of three-dimensional visualization and virtual gastroscopy in diagnosing gastric cancer are considered. The study included 479 patients with histologically diagnosed gastric cancer who were treated at the National Medical Research Center of Oncology named after N.N. Petrov from 2011 to 2018. 232 patients received preoperative chemotherapy. All patients underwent surgery: 70 in the volume of endoscopic dissection, 40 proximal subtotal resection, 166 distal subtotal resection, 203 gastrectomy. All patients at the preoperative stage underwent staging computed tomography on a 64-slice X-ray computed tomograph: 208 patients underwent computed tomography according to the standard protocol without targeted preparation of the stomach for the study, 271 patients with targeted preparation of the stomach for the study according to the computed tomographic pneumogastrography protocol. The sensitivity of the computed tomography in assessing the T-stage was assessed by comparison with pathomorphological data. Of the 208 patients who underwent computed tomography according to the standard protocol, a gastric cancer was detected in 111 (53.4%), out of 271 patients who underwent computed tomography pneumogastrography, a gastric cancer was detected in 267 (98.52%), which is a statistically significant difference in comparing computed tomography methods (Pearson, 144.223, df = 1; p 0.001). There are statistically significant differences when comparing computed tomography according to the standard protocol and computed tomographic pneumogastrography in detecting gastric cancer for all tumor categories: T/yT1 8.2 and 94.4% (Pearson, 99.205, df = 1; p 0.001), T/yT2 47.8 and 100% (Pearson, 24.681, df = 1; p 0.001), T/yT3 72.3 and 100% (Pearson, 33.114, df = 1; p 0.001), T/yT4 90.0 and 100% (Pearson, 4.789, df = 1; p = 0.029) respectively. There are also statistically significant differences when comparing the sensitivity of computed tomography according to the standard protocol and computed tomographic pneumogastrography in determining tumor invasion for all tumor categories: T/yT1 0 and 69.4% (Pearson, 67.880, df = 1; p 0.001), T/yT2 26.1 and 71.1% (Pearson, 11.666, df = 1; p 0.001), T/yT3 32.9 and 84.6% (Pearson, 54.900, df = 1; p 0.001), T/yT4 73.3 and 95.7% (Pearson, 7.916, df = 1; p = 0.005) respectively. In general, the sensitivity of the computed tomography according to the standard protocol for determining the T-stage of gastric cancer was 28.4%, computed tomographic pneumogastrography 77.1% (Pearson, 113.505, df = 1; p 0.001). Computed tomographic pneumogastrography with the possibility of three-dimensional visualization and virtual gastroscopy significantly increases the indicators of the effectiveness of diagnosing gastric cancer both early forms (category T1) and with deeper invasion (categories T2T4), demonstrates high sensitivity in determining T/yT-stages.

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Prognosis of pulmonary fibrosis presenting with a usual interstitial pneumonia pattern on computed tomography in patients with myeloperoxidase anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-related nephritis: a retrospective single-center study

BMC Pulmonary Medicine ◽

10.1186/s12890-019-0969-5 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Toshikazu Watanabe ◽

Tomoyuki Minezawa ◽

Midori Hasegawa ◽

Yasuhiro Goto ◽

Takuya Okamura ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Pulmonary Fibrosis ◽

Interstitial Pneumonia ◽

Lung Volume ◽

Lung Fibrosis ◽

Usual Interstitial Pneumonia ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

3D Ct ◽

Antifibrotic Therapy ◽

Significant Difference

Abstract Background Myeloperoxidase anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-related nephritis (MPO-ANCA nephritis) is occasionally accompanied by lung abnormalities such as pulmonary fibrosis. However, the clinical features of pulmonary fibrosis in patients with MPO-ANCA nephritis have not been well documented. This study was performed to compare the prognosis of a usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) pattern of lung fibrosis in patients with MPO-ANCA nephritis with the prognosis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Methods We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 126 patients with MPO-ANCA nephritis and identified 31 with a UIP pattern of lung fibrosis on high-resolution or thin-slice computed tomography (CT). We compared the characteristics and prognosis of these patients with those of 32 patients with IPF. In 18 patients from both groups, we assessed and compared the decline in lung volume over time using three-dimensional (3D) CT images reconstructed from thin-section CT data. Results The numbers of male and female patients were nearly equal among patients with MPO-ANCA nephritis exhibiting a UIP pattern; in contrast, significant male dominancy was observed among patients with IPF (p = 0.0021). Significantly fewer smokers were present among the patients with MPO-ANCA nephritis with a UIP pattern than among those with IPF (p = 0.0062). There was no significant difference in the median survival time between patients with MPO-ANCA nephritis with a UIP pattern (50.8 months) and IPF (55.8 months; p = 0.65). All patients with IPF in this cohort received antifibrotic therapy (pirfenidone or nintedanib). Almost half of the deaths that occurred in patients with MPO-ANCA nephritis with a UIP pattern were caused by non-respiratory-related events, whereas most deaths in patients with IPF were caused by respiratory failure such as acute exacerbation. In the 3D CT lung volume analyses, the rate of decline in lung volume was equivalent in both groups. Conclusions MPO-ANCA nephritis with a UIP pattern on CT may have an unfavorable prognosis equivalent to that of IPF with a UIP pattern treated with antifibrotic agents.

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Evaluation for fracture patterns around the wrist on three-dimensional extremity computed tomography, especially focused on the triquetrum

Journal of Medical Imaging and Radiation Oncology ◽

10.1111/1754-9485.12265 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 59 (1) ◽

pp. 47-53 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Eunsun Oh ◽

Hyun-joo Kim ◽

Seongsook Hong ◽

Jiyoung Hwang ◽

Hyunkyung Lim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Fracture Patterns

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Evaluation of mandibular volume classified by vertical skeletal dimensions with cone-beam computed tomography

The Angle Orthodontist ◽

10.2319/103015-732.1 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 86 (6) ◽

pp. 949-954 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Takatoshi Nakawaki ◽

Tetsutaro Yamaguchi ◽

Daisuke Tomita ◽

Yu Hikita ◽

Mohamed Adel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Cone Beam Computed Tomography ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Cone Beam ◽

Class Iii ◽

Tomographic Images ◽

Computed Tomographic ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Detailed Assessment ◽

Lateral Cephalometry

ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate the relationship between anteroposterior and vertical differences in maxillofacial morphology and mandibular volume. Materials and Methods: Subjects comprised 213 Japanese adults (84 males and 129 females) who were divided into three groups based on mandibular basal arch (ANB) and Wits, measured in a cephalometric analysis: Class I (−1° ≤ ANB < 4°,−1 mm ≤ Wits < 0 mm), Class II (ANB ≥ 4°, Wits ≥ 0), and Class III (ANB <−1°, Wits <−1 mm). Subjects were also divided into three groups based on the mandibular plane angle (Mp), as follows: hypodivergent (Mp < 23°), normodivergent (Mp = 23–30°), and hyperdivergent (Mp > 30°) groups. Mandibular volume was measured from cone-beam computed tomographic images that were analyzed using Analyze™ image processing software and compared among the three groups in each classification. Results: No significant differences were noted in mandibular volume among Classes I, II, and III. An inverse relationship was found between mandibular volume and Mp, and a significant difference was noted in mandibular volume between the hypodivergent and hyperdivergent groups. Conclusions: In addition to two-dimensional analysis, such as lateral cephalometry, three-dimensional information such as volume, provided by cone-beam computed tomography, contributes to a more detailed assessment of maxillofacial morphology.

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Difference in glenoid retroversion between two-dimensional axial computed tomography and three-dimensional reconstructed images

Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow ◽

10.5397/cise.2020.00122 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 23 (2) ◽

pp. 71-79

Author(s):

Hyungsuk Kim ◽

Chang Hyun Yoo ◽

Soo Bin Park ◽

Hyun Seok Song

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Total Shoulder Arthroplasty ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Ct Images ◽

Body Axis ◽

Reconstructed Image ◽

Two Dimensional ◽

Glenoid Version ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Scapular Body

Background: The glenoid version of the shoulder joint correlates with the stability of the glenohumeral joint and the clinical results of total shoulder arthroplasty. We sought to analyze and compare the glenoid version measured by traditional axial two-dimensional (2D) computed tomography (CT) and three-dimensional (3D) reconstructed images at different levels.Methods: A total of 30 cases, including 15 male and 15 female patients, who underwent 3D shoulder CT imaging was randomly selected and matched by sex consecutively at one hospital. The angular difference between the scapular body axis and 2D CT slice axis was measured. The glenoid version was assessed at three levels (midpoint, upper one-third, and center of the lower circle of the glenoid) using Friedman’s method in the axial plane with 2D CT images and at the same level of three different transverse planes using a 3D reconstructed image. Results: The mean difference between the scapular body axis on the 3D reconstructed image and the 2D CT slice axis was 38.4°. At the level of the midpoint of the glenoid, the measurements were 1.7° ± 4.9° on the 2D CT images and −1.8° ± 4.1° in the 3D reconstructed image. At the level of the center of the lower circle, the measurements were 2.7° ± 5.2° on the 2D CT images and −0.5° ± 4.8° in the 3D reconstructed image. A statistically significant difference was found between the 2D CT and 3D reconstructed images at all three levels. Conclusions: The glenoid version is measured differently between axial 2D CT and 3D reconstructed images at three levels. Use of 3D reconstructed imaging can provide a more accurate glenoid version profile relative to 2D CT. The glenoid version is measured differently at different levels.

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Midterm Comparison of Tibial Fixation between Posterior Cruciate-Retaining and Substituting Porous Tantalum Total Knee Arthroplasty: Three-Dimensional Computed Tomography Analysis

The Journal of Knee Surgery ◽

10.1055/s-0039-1693453 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 34 (01) ◽

pp. 047-056

Author(s):

Takao Kaneko ◽

Norihiko Kono ◽

Yuta Mochizuki ◽

Masaru Hada ◽

Shinya Toyoda ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Total Knee Arthroplasty ◽

Bone Quality ◽

Knee Arthroplasty ◽

Tibial Component ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Porous Tantalum ◽

Cruciate Retaining ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Total Knee

AbstractPorous tantalum tibial component is durable with excellent bone ingrowth, higher knee scores, and long-term survivorship. However, to our knowledge, the effect of posterior cruciate-retaining (CR) and posterior cruciate-substituting (PS) porous tantalum tibial component has not been reported. The aim of the current study was to investigate the prosthetic bone quality between CR porous tantalum tibial component and PS using three-dimensional multi-detector-row computed tomography (3D-MDCT). Porous twenty-two (22) CR total knee arthroplasties and 22 PS received 3D-MDCT at every 6 months up to 5.5 years postoperatively to assess prosthetic bone quality (bone marrow contents/tissue volumes [BMC/TV, mg/cm3]) underneath the pegs of porous tantalum modular tibial component. Clinical outcomes (Knee Society score [KSS], Western Ontario and McMaster Universities (WOMAC), FJS-12, Patella score) were evaluated at a minimum follow-up period of 5.5 years. No statistically significant differences were found in age, gender, body mass index, KSS, and BMC/TV volumes in the proximal tibia between the two groups before total knee arthroplasty (TKA). There were also no significant differences between the CR and PS groups with regard to BMC/TV at every 6 months up to 5.5 years after TKA. At 5.5 years postoperatively, there was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of the KSS, WOMAC, forgotten joint score (FJS-12), and Patella score. The present study revealed that the prosthetic bone quality of the CR porous tantalum tibial component and PS were equivalent at every 6 months up to 5.5 years after TKA. This study reflects level II evidence.

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Stress Radiography and Stress Examination of the Talocrural and Subtalar Joint on Helical Computed Tomography

Foot & Ankle International ◽

10.1177/107110079701800805 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 18 (8) ◽

pp. 482-488 ◽

Cited By ~ 37

Author(s):

F.J. van Hellemondt ◽

J.W.K. Louwerens ◽

E.S. Sijbrandij ◽

A.P.G. van Gils

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Subtalar Joint ◽

Facet Joint ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Helical Ct ◽

Helical Computed Tomography ◽

Chronic Instability ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Subtalar Instability ◽

Stress Examination

The main objective of this study was to compare subtalar inversion stress views using the Brodén view with inversion stress views on helical computed tomography (CT). One of the drawbacks of routine radiography is the imaging of three-dimensional structures in a two-dimensional plane. We investigated whether the use of helical CT would lead to a more objective and clearer measurable method to determine the amount of tilt in the subtalar joint. A group of 15 patients with unilateral chronic instability complaints and clinically suspected subtalar instability was examined. The contralateral asymptomatic foot was used as control. A variable amount of subtalar tilt (range, 4° to 18°) was demonstrated in all cases on stress radiographs, without finding significant difference between the symptomatic and asymptomatic feet. However, contrary to the findings at the talocrural level, subtalar tilt was found in none of the patients using helical CT. Thus, we now doubt that the tilt seen during stress examination using the Brodén view is the true amount of tilt. It may be that the lateral opening, seen on these radiographs, largely results from imaging two planes that have made a translatory and rotatory movement relative to each other in an oblique direction. It is concluded that the Brodén stress examination might not be useful for screening patients with subtalar instability. Associated anomalies not visible on the radiographs were detected by helical CT. In four cases, narrowing of the articular cartilage and irregular and hypertrophic bone formation at the middle facet joint of the subtalar joints were found. It is likely that these changes cause disturbance of function of this joint and it is suggested that the subjective complaint of instability with “giving way” is not only caused by hypermobility, but can be caused by other disturbances of normal motion.

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