rSLA: An Approach for Managing Service Level Agreements in Cloud Environments

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (02) ◽  
pp. 1742003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Mohamed ◽  
Obinna Anya ◽  
Samir Tata ◽  
Nagapramod Mandagere ◽  
Nathalie Baracaldo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Service Level ◽  
Cloud Services ◽  
Service Level Agreements ◽  
It Services ◽  
Levels Of Abstraction ◽  
Cloud Providers ◽  
Cloud Environments ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Heterogeneous Cloud

Cloud providers offer services at different levels of abstraction from infrastructure to applications. The quality of Cloud services is a key determinant of the overall service level a provider offers to its customers. Service Level Agreements (SLAs) are (1) crucial for Cloud customers to ensure that promised levels of services are met, (2) an important sales instrument and (3) a differentiating factor for providers. Cloud providers and services are often selected more dynamically than in traditional IT services, and as a result, SLAs need to be set up and their monitoring implemented to match the same speed. In this context, managing SLAs is complex: different Cloud providers expose different management interfaces and SLA metrics differ from one provider to another. In this paper, we will analyze how IT service quality has been defined and managed over time, discuss how to manage SLAs in today’s multi-layer, multi-sourced Cloud environments, and what to expect going forward. A particular focus will be made on the rSLA framework that enables fast setup of SLA monitoring in dynamic and heterogeneous Cloud environments. The rSLA framework is made up of three main components: the rSLA language to formally represent SLAs, the rSLA Service, which interprets the SLAs and implements the behavior specified in them, and a set of Xlets-lightweight, dynamically bound adapters to monitoring and controlling interfaces. rSLA has been tested in the context of a real pilot and found to reduce the client on-boarding process from months to weeks.

SLA Management in Storage Clouds

2013 ◽  
pp. 72-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikoletta Mavrogeorgi ◽  
Spyridon V. Gogouvitis ◽  
Athanasios Voulodimos ◽  
Vasilios Alexandrou
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Computing ◽  
Service Provider ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
Service Level ◽  
Service Level Agreements ◽  
Cloud Providers ◽  
Cloud Environments ◽  
Computing Environments ◽  
Sla Management ◽  
Online Storage

The need for online storage and backup of data constantly increases. Many domains, such as media, enterprises, healthcare, and telecommunications need to store large amounts of data and access them rapidly any time and from any geographic location. Storage Cloud environments satisfy these requirements and can therefore provide an adequate solution for these needs. Customers of Cloud environments do not need to own any hardware for storing their data or handle management tasks, such as backups, replication levels, etc. In order for customers to be willing to move their data to Cloud solutions, proper Service Level Agreements (SLAs) should be offered and guaranteed. SLA is a contract between the customer and the service provider, where the terms and conditions of the offered service are agreed upon. In this chapter, the authors present existing SLA schemas and SLA management mechanisms and compare various features that Cloud providers support with existing SLAs. Finally, they address the problem of managing SLAs in cloud computing environments exploiting the content term that concerns the stored objects, in order to provide more efficient capabilities to the customer.

scholarly journals Self-healing trans-cloud applications

Computing ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Brogi ◽  
Jose Carrasco ◽  
Francisco Durán ◽  
Ernesto Pimentel ◽  
Jacopo Soldani
Keyword(s):  
Open Source ◽  
Cloud Services ◽  
Self Healing ◽  
Controlled Experiments ◽  
Fault Handling ◽  
Extensive Evaluation ◽  
Cloud Providers ◽  
Heterogeneous Cloud ◽  
Cloud Applications ◽  
Unstable States

AbstractTrans-cloud applications consist of multiple interacting components deployed across different cloud providers and at different service layers (IaaS and PaaS). In such complex deployment scenarios, fault handling and recovery need to deal with heterogeneous cloud offerings and to take into account inter-component dependencies. We propose a methodology for self-healing trans-cloud applications from failures occurring in application components or in the cloud services hosting them, both during deployment and while they are being operated. The proposed methodology enables reducing the time application components rely on faulted services, hence residing in “unstable” states where they can suddenly fail in cascade or exhibit erroneous behaviour. We also present an open-source prototype illustrating the feasibility of our proposal, which we have exploited to carry out an extensive evaluation based on controlled experiments and monkey testing.

System Benchmarking on Public Clouds

2015 ◽  
pp. 37-50
Author(s):  
Sanjay P. Ahuja ◽  
Thomas F. Furman ◽  
Kerwin E. Roslie ◽  
Jared T. Wheeler
Keyword(s):  
Service Providers ◽  
Cluster Formation ◽  
Cloud Service ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Cloud Services ◽  
System Level ◽  
Public Cloud ◽  
Cloud Providers ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Levels Of Service

There are several public cloud providers that provide service across different cloud models such as IaaS, PaaS, and SaaS. End users require an objective means to assess the performance of the services being offered by the various cloud providers. Benchmarks have typically been used to evaluate the performance of various systems and can play a vital role in assessing performance of the different public cloud platforms in a vendor neutral manner. Amazon's EC2 Service is one of the leading public cloud service providers and offers many different levels of service. The research in this chapter focuses on system level benchmarks and looks into evaluating the memory, CPU, and I/O performance of two different tiers of hardware offered through Amazon's EC2. Using three distinct types of system benchmarks, the performance of the micro spot instance and the M1 small instance are measured and compared. In order to examine the performance and scalability of the hardware, the virtual machines are set up in a cluster formation ranging from two to eight nodes. The results show that the scalability of the cloud is achieved by increasing resources when applicable. This chapter also looks at the economic model and other cloud services offered by Amazon's EC2, Microsoft's Azure, and Google's App Engine.

scholarly journals An Effiecient Approach for Resource Auto-Scaling in Cloud Environments

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 2415
Author(s):  
Bahar Asgari ◽  
Mostafa Ghobaei Arani ◽  
Sam Jabbehdari
Keyword(s):  
Service Level Agreement ◽  
Service Level ◽  
Resource Provisioning ◽  
Cloud Services ◽  
Computing Environment ◽  
Cloud Computing Environment ◽  
Sla Violation ◽  
Markov Decision ◽  
Cloud Environments ◽  
Auto Scaling

<p>Cloud services have become more popular among users these days. Automatic resource provisioning for cloud services is one of the important challenges in cloud environments. In the cloud computing environment, resource providers shall offer required resources to users automatically without any limitations. It means whenever a user needs more resources, the required resources should be dedicated to the users without any problems. On the other hand, if resources are more than user’s needs extra resources should be turn off temporarily and turn back on whenever they needed. In this paper, we propose an automatic resource provisioning approach based on reinforcement learning for auto-scaling resources according to Markov Decision Process (MDP). Simulation Results show that the rate of Service Level Agreement (SLA) violation and stability that the proposed approach better performance compared to the similar approaches.</p>

scholarly journals A Systematic Literature Study on Definition and Modeling of Service-Level Agreements for Cloud Services in IoT

IEEE Access ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 134498-134513 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svetlana Girs ◽  
Severine Sentilles ◽  
Sara Abbaspour Asadollah ◽  
Mohammad Ashjaei ◽  
Saad Mubeen
Keyword(s):  
Service Level ◽  
Cloud Services ◽  
Service Level Agreements ◽  
Literature Study

Cloud Computing, Standards, and the Law

2021 ◽  
pp. 501-524
Author(s):  
Niamh Gleeson ◽  
Ian Walden
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Computing ◽  
Service Level ◽  
Cloud Services ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Technical Standards ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Regulatory Effects ◽  
Data Portability ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Legal Frameworks

This chapter focuses on EU initiatives on cloud standards, particularly the work of the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI), the European Union Agency for Network and Information Security (ENISA), and the working groups set up by the European Commission; while acknowledging that cloud standardisation is obviously also a global issue. It addresses three questions. First, it considers why standards play a role in cloud computing and examines the standards most cited as important for cloud computing: data protection, data security, interoperability, data portability, reversibility, and Service Level Agreements (SLAs). Second, it assesses whether there is a problem with cloud standards and, in particular, the debate around the proliferation of cloud computing standards. Finally, the chapter studies how the adoption of cloud standards can be granted, or acquire, legal and regulatory effects under both public and private law regimes, which impact on both providers and users of cloud services. While technical standards for cloud appear to be developing as expected, informational and evaluative standards will inevitably take longer to emerge and may require greater stability within the legal frameworks in which they are intended to operate.

An archetype for mitigating the security threats in multi-cloud environment by implementing tree-based next-generation firewalls

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Muhammad Iftikhar Hussain ◽  
Jingsha He ◽  
Nafei Zhu ◽  
Zulfiqar Ali Zardari ◽  
Fahad Razque ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Model ◽  
Service Level Agreement ◽  
Service Level ◽  
Specific Model ◽  
Cloud Services ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Cloud Platform ◽  
End User ◽  
Heterogeneous Cloud ◽  
Multi Cloud

Cloud computing on-demand dynamicity in nature of end-user that leads towards a hybrid cloud model deployment is called a multi-cloud. Multi-cloud is a multi-tenant and multi-vendor heterogeneous cloud platform in terms of services and security under a defined SLA (service level agreement). The diverse deployment of the multi-cloud model leads to rise in security risks. In this paper, we define a multi-cloud model with hybridization of vendor and security to increase the end-user experience. The proposed model has a heterogeneous cloud paradigm with a combination of firewall tracts to overcome rising security issues. The proposed work consists of three steps, firstly, all incoming traffic from the consumer end into five major groups called ambient. Secondly, design a next-generation firewall (NGFW) topology with a mixture of tree-based and demilitarized zone (DMZ) implications. Test implementation of designed topology performed by using a simple DMZ technique in case of vendor-specific model and NGFW on hybrid vendor based multi-cloud model. Furthermore, it also defines some advantages of NGFW to overcome these concerns. The proposed work is helpful for the new consumer to define their dynamic secure cloud services under a single SLA before adopting a multi-cloud platform. Finally, results are compared in terms of throughput and CPU utilization in both cases.

A Penalty-Aware Cloud Monitoring System based on Blockchains

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 301-325
Author(s):  
Christian Dienbauer ◽  
Benedikt Pittl ◽  
Erich Schikuta
Keyword(s):  
Service Quality ◽  
Monitoring System ◽  
Universal Design ◽  
Service Level ◽  
Cloud Services ◽  
Use Case ◽  
Smart Contracts ◽  
Service Level Agreements ◽  
It Infrastructure ◽  
Cloud Monitoring

Today, traded cloud services are described by service level agreements that specify the obligations of providers such as availability or reliability. Violations of service level agreements lead to penalty payments. The recent development of prominent cloud platforms such as the re-design of Amazon's spot marketspace underpins a trend towards dynamic cloud markets where consumers migrate their services continuously to different marketspaces and providers to reach a cost-optimum. This leads to a heterogeneous IT infrastructure and consequently aggravates the monitoring of the delivered service quality. Hence, there is a need for a transparent penalty management system, which ensures that consumers automatically get penalty payments from providers in case of service violations. \newline In the paper at hand, we present a cloud monitoring system that is able to execute penalty payments autonomously. In this regard, we apply smart contracts hosted on blockchains, which continuously monitor cloud services and trigger penalty payments to consumers in case of service violations. For justification and evaluation we implement our approach by the IBM Hyperledger Fabric framework and create a use case with Amazon's cloud services as well as Azures cloud services to illustrate the universal design of the presented mechanism.

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