Xtrapol8: automatic elucidation of low-occupancy intermediate-states in crystallographic studies

Unstable states studied in kinetic, time-resolved and ligand-based crystallography are often characterized by a low occupancy, hindering structure determination by conventional methods. To automatically extract such structures, we developed Xtrapol8, a program which (i) applies various flavors of Bayesian-statistics weighting to generate the most informative Fourier difference maps; (ii) determines the occupancy of the intermediate state; (iii) calculates various types of extrapolated structure factors, and (iv) refines the corresponding structures.

From chaos to stability in soliton mode-locked fibre laser system

Intracavity energy rate in a soliton mode-locked fibre laser is derived by solving the Haus master equation. The influence of net gain, absorber response, saturation energy, nonlinearity and absorption are investigated on stable/unstable states. Intracavity modes include the zeroth, first and higher order solitons. Accordingly, chaotic regime as well as breather modes is recognized as a conventional intracavity state. However, tuning the control parameters also results in a reverse bifurcation and thus returning to a stable state. Accordingly, a chaos-based encryption/decryption system is proposed taking the advantage of using a single-side control process; both the encryption and decryption procedures can be achieved by one of the actions of increasing/decreasing the control parameters.

Self-healing trans-cloud applications

Trans-cloud applications consist of multiple interacting components deployed across different cloud providers and at different service layers (IaaS and PaaS). In such complex deployment scenarios, fault handling and recovery need to deal with heterogeneous cloud offerings and to take into account inter-component dependencies. We propose a methodology for self-healing trans-cloud applications from failures occurring in application components or in the cloud services hosting them, both during deployment and while they are being operated. The proposed methodology enables reducing the time application components rely on faulted services, hence residing in “unstable” states where they can suddenly fail in cascade or exhibit erroneous behaviour. We also present an open-source prototype illustrating the feasibility of our proposal, which we have exploited to carry out an extensive evaluation based on controlled experiments and monkey testing.

Critical Unstable Conditions in The Hospitality Industry: Presentation in The Paradigm of Systematic Approach

The object. An urgent issue of modern economic science is the study of critical unstable states in macro-systems, including in the hospitality industry, have presented with using the cognitive potential of system analysis. The goal. As a scientific aim, the problem of systemic representation and reconstruction of critically unstable conditions has identified in the hospitality industry with the subsequent determination of their ontological status. At the same time, the hospitality industry is presented as an open system with inherent processes and probable vectors of evolutionary development. Methodology. The study is based on the conceptual resource of the systemic approach, which provided an opportunity to sufficiently analyze the structure of the studying subject and its ontological framework. The practice of structural-logical method in the framework of a systemic approach allows us to imagine the hospitality industry as integrity, which can be patently visualized. The instrumental nature of the clearly historical method in the research context, the genesis comes from classical academical point of view, it gave the possibility to identify and describe the critical states of the studying object in the historical context in XX–XXI centuries. Results. Based on the cognitive potential of the systemic approach, the structural-logical method and the clearly historical method, the authors have developed a structural-logical scheme for representing the hospitality industry (Figure 1). A terminological clarification of the critical unstable states of the system is given in relation to the hospitality industry. In schedule form (Table 1), the main critical unstable conditions of the domestic hospitality industry are systematized in XX–XXI centuries. Conclusions. In the presented text, the main findings of the study are systematized. The obtained results should subsequently become the basis for the formation of a research theoretical scientific base for the control of the corresponding semi-structured objects and systems in dynamically off-balance states.

Cross Section Ionization By Electron Impact Of Helium Like Ions

 In this paper we present our calculation of the cross section ionization by electron impact of C V, N VI and O VII. Using the Flexible Atomic Code (FAC), we obtain the cross sections for the ionization of these ions from the ground state 1¹S, and from the unstable states 2¹S and 2³S. Our results are in good agreement with those based on the Coulomb Born (CB) approximation and the available measurements.

Investigation of Binary Liquids in Unstable States—An Experimental Approach

In this article, we present a methodology for conducting measurements based on pulse heating of a wire probe in partially soluble binary liquids. These liquids, which can be rapidly transferred to the region of unstable states above the diffusional spinodal, are novel research objects for the thermophysics of extreme states. Using the example of aqueous solutions of polypropylene glycol and glycol monobutyl ether having a lower critical solution temperature, the key hypothesis of the study on the general measurability of the properties of unstable solutions has been confirmed. The characteristic heating times from 1 to 15 milliseconds corresponded to the thickness of the heated layer comprising a few micrometers. The pressure was varied from units of MPa to 100 MPa. The conditions for the transition from measurements on pure components to those on solutions are formulated. The characteristic thermal patterns of the decay of unstable states depending on pressure and heating rate are revealed. The general possibility of using partially soluble binary liquids as a promising coolant in processes involving powerful local heat release is demonstrated.

Promoting Resilience in the Face of Fundamental Uncertainty

Complex systems at different levels (states, organisations, individuals) undergo phase transitions when faced with a sudden shock. The phase transitions are unpredictable and can lead to unstable states and also introduce a source of fundamental uncertainty about the future. In the face of this type of fundamental uncertainty, we know from pioneering work on population health that social determinants (e.g. education, employment, housing, etc.) will have a substantial influence on the ability of individuals and society to be resilient and recover from these shocks. This chapter will start with an overview of complex systems, phase transitions and the nature of fundamental uncertainty. These concepts will then be discussed in light of the COVID-19 pandemic. The importance of social determinants in promoting both mental and physical health, and thus resilience at individual and population levels, will be described and the chapter will finish with an exploration of historical and contemporary examples of means that can be used to support individual and collective resilience in the face of fundamental uncertainty.