COLLAGEN AND ELASTIN CROSSLINKS IN HUMAN INTERVERTEBRAL DISCS AND LIGAMENTUM FLAVUM: AGE, GENDER AND SPINAL LEVEL INFLUENCES

2002 ◽  
Vol 06 (02) ◽  
pp. 73-88
Author(s):  
C. I. Tan ◽  
G. N. Kent ◽  
A. G. Randall ◽  
S. J. Edmondston ◽  
K. P. Singer
Keyword(s):  
Ligamentum Flavum ◽  
Intervertebral Discs ◽  
Lumbar Region ◽  
Spinal Level ◽  
Reverse Phase Hplc ◽  
Collagen Crosslinks ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Spinal Region ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Formalin Fixed

The collagen and elastin content and extent of collagen crosslinks were determined in human formalin-fixed and unfixed intervertebral discs and ligamentum flava. Tissue samples from cadaveric spinal discs (n = 77) and ligamentum flava (n = 364) were obtained from 24 formalin-fixed and 2 fresh spines. The mean age of all cases was 57±26 years. Spinal ligament and disc samples were harvested and analyzed for collagen, and crosslinks of pyridinoline, deoxypyridinoline, and elastin crosslinks isodesmosine and desmosine. Collagen and elastin crosslinks were extracted from hydrolyzed samples by cellulose partition chromatography, and analyzed by reverse-phase HPLC. Elastin crosslinks were only detected in 4 lumbar discs (mean 0.04±0.01 nmol/mg dry wt) but yielded results for all ligamentum flavum samples (mean 20.2±6.4 nmol/mg dry wt). For ligamentum flavum, the collagen and collagen crosslinks increased significantly with age (p < 0.05), whereas elastin content decreased significantly with age but only for the lumbar region (p < 0.05). Collagen and elastin content were significantly higher in females (p < 0.01) and collagen, pyridinoline and isodesmosine were significantly higher in the lumbar region (p < 0.01). Elastin detected in lumbar discs was significantly less than that found in ligamentum flavum. The collagen and elastin content and extent of collagen crosslinks in ligamentum matrix varied significantly depending on the age, gender and spinal region.

scholarly journals RapidET: a MEMS-based platform for label-free and rapid demarcation of tumors from normal breast biopsy tissues

2022 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anil Vishnu G. K. ◽  
Gayatri Gogoi ◽  
Bhagaban Behera ◽  
Saeed Rila ◽  
Annapoorni Rangarajan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Biopsy ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Normal Breast ◽  
Fold Change ◽  
Label Free ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Normal Tissues ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Formalin Fixed

AbstractThe rapid and label-free diagnosis of malignancies in ex vivo breast biopsy tissues has significant utility in pathology laboratories and operating rooms. We report a MEMS-based platform integrated with microchips that performs phenotyping of breast biopsy tissues using electrothermal sensing. The microchip, fabricated on a silicon substrate, incorporates a platinum microheater, interdigitated electrodes (IDEs), and resistance temperature detectors (RTDs) as on-chip sensing elements. The microchips are integrated onto the platform using a slide-fit contact enabling quick replacement for biological measurements. The bulk resistivity (ρB), surface resistivity (ρS), and thermal conductivity (k) of deparaffinized and formalin-fixed paired tumor and adjacent normal breast biopsy samples from N = 8 patients were measured. For formalin-fixed samples, the mean ρB for tumors showed a statistically significant fold change of 4.42 (P = 0.014) when the tissue was heated from 25 °C to 37 °C compared to the adjacent normal tissue, which showed a fold change of 3.47. The mean ρS measurements also showed a similar trend. The mean k of the formalin-fixed tumor tissues was 0.309 ± 0.02 W m−1 K−1 compared to a significantly higher k of 0.563 ± 0.028 W m−1 K−1 for the adjacent normal tissues. A similar trend was observed in ρB,ρS, and k for the deparaffinized tissue samples. An analysis of a combination of ρB, ρS, and k using Fisher’s combined probability test and linear regression suggests the advantage of using all three parameters simultaneously for distinguishing tumors from adjacent normal tissues with higher statistical significance.

scholarly journals Thickness of the ligamentum flavum of the spine and its relationship with disc degeneration

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 112-115
Author(s):  
Thiago Mattar ◽  
Alexandre Barros Costa ◽  
Paulo Roberto Appolonio ◽  
André Evaristo Marcondes Cesar ◽  
Luciano Miller Reis Rodrigues
Keyword(s):  
Disc Degeneration ◽  
Spinal Surgery ◽  
Ligamentum Flavum ◽  
Disc Height ◽  
Grading System ◽  
Low Back ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Spinal Level ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Objective: This study investigates whether the thickening of the ligamentum flavum (LF) is correlated with disc degeneration. Methods: This retrospective study was conducted with 98 patients with chronic low back pain treated in a spinal surgery service between January 2012 and January 2013. All patients underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and the images were evaluated by a spinal surgeon to measure the thickness of the LF and evaluate the degree of disc degeneration by the Pfirrmann grading system, according to the spinal levels (L3 -L4, L4-L5, L5-S1). An association was sought between LF hypertrophy and disc degeneration, age, sex and disc height. Results: The mean age of the patients was 53.6 years, and the majority were women (59.2%). The thickness of the LF and disc height varied according to the spinal level, the greatest LF thickness being found between L4-L5, and the greatest disc height at L5-S1. Women had statistically thicker ligaments in L3/L4 than men. The degree of disc degeneration was inversely correlated with the height at all the levels evaluated, i.e., the greater the degree of degeneration, the lower the disc height. Conclusions: The thickening of LF is not related to disc height or degree of disc degeneration. Therefore, there is no deformation of the LF within the spinal canal secondary to disc degeneration.

DOES FORMALIN-FIXATION ALTER THE EXTENT OF COLLAGEN AND ELASTIN CROSSLINKS IN HUMAN SPINAL INTERVERTEBRAL DISCS AND LIGAMENTUM FLAVA?

2002 ◽  
Vol 06 (02) ◽  
pp. 89-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Celia I. C. Tan ◽  
Sonia Dunn ◽  
G. Neil Kent ◽  
Andrew G. Randall ◽  
Stephen J. Edmondston ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control Sample ◽  
Intervertebral Discs ◽  
Formalin Fixation ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Collagen Crosslinks ◽  
Insoluble Collagen ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Spinal Disc ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Formalin Fixed

The effect of formalin-fixation on the extent of collagen and elastin crosslinks in the matrix of human spinal intervertebral discs and ligamentum flava tissues was evaluated. Fresh discs (n = 5) and ligamentum flava (n = 22) were harvested and separated into two samples. One sample was stored in 10% buffered formalin and the other control sample in a freezer at -20°C. Using HPLC the paired anular (n = 72), nuclear (n = 22) and liagmentum flavum (n = 58) samples were dried, hydrolyzed and assayed for collagen and elastin crosslinks over a 25-week period. There were no significant differences in the collagen, isodesmosine and desmosine content, and the extent of pyridinoline and deoxypyridinoline crosslinks, between fresh and formalin-fixed disc and ligament samples after 25 weeks of formalin fixation. Short-term formalin-fixation does not significantly influence the collagen and elastin crosslink content or the extent of insoluble collagen crosslinks in spinal disc and ligamentum flavum tissues.

scholarly journals The Dutch National TissueArchive Portal enables efficient, consistent, and transparent procurement of diagnostic tissue samples for scientific use

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin Verjans ◽  
Annette H. Bruggink ◽  
Robby Kibbelaar ◽  
Jos Bart ◽  
Aletta Debernardi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Tissue Sample ◽  
Ffpe Tissue ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Internet Portal ◽  
Formalin Fixed Paraffin ◽  
Practical Support ◽  
Formalin Fixed Paraffin Embedded ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Formalin Fixed

AbstractBiobanks play a crucial role in enabling biomedical research by facilitating scientific use of valuable human biomaterials. The PALGA foundation—a nationwide network and registry of histo- and cytopathology in the Netherlands—was established to promote the provision of data within and between pathology departments, and to make the resulting knowledge available for healthcare. Apart from the pathology data, we aimed to utilize PALGA’s nationwide network to find and access the rich wealth of Formalin-Fixed Paraffin-Embedded (FFPE) tissue samples for scientific use.  We implemented the Dutch National TissueArchive Portal (DNTP) to utilize PALGA’s nationwide network for requesting FFPE tissue samples. The DNTP consists of (1) a centrally organized internet portal to improve the assessing, processing, harmonization, and monitoring of the procurement process, while (2) dedicated HUB-employees provide practical support at peripheral pathology departments. Since incorporation of the DNTP, both the number of filed requests for FFPE tissue samples and the amount of HUB-mediated support increased 55 and 29% respectively. In line, the sample procurement duration time decreased significantly (− 47%). These findings indicate that implementation of the DNTP improved the frequency, efficiency, and transparency of FFPE tissue sample procurement for research in the Netherlands. To conclude, the need for biological resources is growing persistently to enable precision medicine. Here, we access PALGA’s national, pathology network by implementation of the DNTP to allow for efficient, consistent, and transparent exchange of FFPE tissue samples for research across the Netherlands.

scholarly journals Feasibility of balloon-based endobiliary radiofrequency ablation under cholangioscopy guidance in a swine model

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tadahisa Inoue ◽  
Hiromu Kutsumi ◽  
Mayu Ibusuki ◽  
Masashi Yoneda
Keyword(s):  
Radiofrequency Ablation ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Swine Model ◽  
Biliary Strictures ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Ablation Area ◽  
Mucosal Changes ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Preliminary Study

AbstractAlthough endobiliary radiofrequency ablation (RFA) has demonstrated considerable potential for the treatment of biliary strictures, conventional catheter RFA has several limitations. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of a novel cholangioscopy (CS)-guided balloon-based RFA procedure in vivo using a swine model. CS-guided balloon-RFA was performed under endoscopic retrograde cholangiography guidance at target temperatures of 60 ℃ or 70 ℃, which were maintained for 60 s. We evaluated the technical feasibility, adverse events, and histological effects associated with the procedure. Twelve sites were ablated in seven miniature pigs. The CS-guided balloon-RFA procedure was technically successful in all cases without any hindrance. Mucosal changes could be detected during RFA, and the ablation area was identified on CS. Necropsy was performed in four pigs on the same day as the procedure: the tissue samples showed coagulative necrosis, and the entire internal circumference of the bile duct was uniformly ablated. The mean lengths of the ablation area in the samples ablated at 60 °C and 70 °C were 20.64 and 22.18 mm, respectively, while the mean depths were 3.46 and 5.07 mm, respectively. The other three pigs were reared and euthanized and autopsied 35 days after the procedure. The site to be ablated had replaced the granulation tissue and fibrotic changes. No adverse events were observed in any case. CS-guided balloon-RFA appears to be a promising option for treating biliary strictures. This preliminary study could pave the way for the evaluation of this procedure in future human clinical trials.

Morphologic and histologic study of the ligamentum flavum in the thoraco-lumbar region

1998 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 171-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Viejo-Fuertes ◽  
D. Liguoro ◽  
J. Rivel ◽  
D. Midy ◽  
J. Guerin
Keyword(s):  
Ligamentum Flavum ◽  
Lumbar Region ◽  
Histologic Study

Microsatellite instability evaluation: which test to use for endometrial cancer?

2021 ◽  
pp. jclinpath-2021-207723
Author(s):  
Paola Rafaniello-Raviele ◽  
Ilaria Betella ◽  
Alessandra Rappa ◽  
Davide Vacirca ◽  
Gianluca Tolva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endometrial Cancer ◽  
Microsatellite Instability ◽  
Automated System ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Valuable Alternative ◽  
Formalin Fixed Paraffin ◽  
Formalin Fixed Paraffin Embedded ◽  
Formalin Fixed ◽  
Mmr Proteins

AimsAnalysis of microsatellite instability (MSI) is strongly recommended in endometrial cancer (EC) and colorectal cancer to screen for Lynch syndrome, to predict prognosis and to determine optimal treatment and follow-up. In a large monoinstitutional series of ECs, we evaluated the reliability and accuracy of Idylla assay, a rapid, fully automated system to detect MSI, and we compared its performance with two routine reference methods.MethodsWe evaluated MSI status in 174 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded EC tissue samples using immunohistochemistry (IHC) for mismatch repair (MMR) proteins and Idylla assay. Samples with discordant or equivocal results were analysed with a third technique, the Promega MSI kit.ResultsIdylla MSI assay and IHC were highly concordant (overall agreement: 154/170=90.59%, 95% CI 85.26% to 94.12%). However, in four samples, MMR-IHC staining was equivocal; moreover, 16 cases showed discordant results, that is, MMR deficient using IHC and microsatellite stable using Idylla. These 20 samples were reanalysed using the MSI-Promega kit, which showed the same results of Idylla assay in 18/20 cases (overall agreement: 90%, 95% CI 69.90% to 97.21%).ConclusionsOur results suggest that IHC is an efficient method to determine MMR status in ECs. However, the Idylla MSI assay is a rapid and reliable tool to define MSI status, and it could represent a valuable alternative to conventional MSI-PCR methods.

Neurovascular structures adjacent to the lumbar intervertebral discs: an anatomical study of their morphometry and relationships

2011 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 630-638 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehmet Arslan ◽  
Ayhan Cömert ◽  
Halil İbrahim Açar ◽  
Mevci Özdemir ◽  
Alaittin Elhan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nerve Root ◽  
Lumbar Disc ◽  
Anatomical Study ◽  
Intervertebral Discs ◽  
Nerve Roots ◽  
Disc Space ◽  
Anatomical Knowledge ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Right ◽  
Neurovascular Structures

Object Although infrequent, injury to adjacent neurovascular structures during posterior approaches to lumbar intervertebral discs can occur. A detailed anatomical knowledge of relationships may decrease surgical complications. Methods Ten formalin-fixed male cadavers were used for this study. Posterior exposure of the lumbar thecal sac, nerve roots, pedicles, and intervertebral discs was performed. To identify retroperitoneal structures at risk during posterior lumbar discectomy, a transabdominal retroperitoneal approach was performed, and observations were made. The distances between the posterior and anterior edges of the lumbar intervertebral discs were measured, and the relationships between the disc space, pedicle, and nerve root were evaluated. Results For right and left sides, the mean distance from the inferior pedicle to the disc gradually increased from L1–2 to L4–5 (range 2.7–3.8 mm and 2.9–4.5 mm for right and left side, respectively) and slightly decreased at L5–S1. For right and left sides, the mean distance from the superior pedicle to the disc was more or less the same for all disc spaces (range 9.3–11.6 mm and 8.2–10.5 mm for right and left, respectively). The right and left mean disc-to-root distance for the L3–4 to L5–S1 levels ranged from 8.3 to 22.1 mm and 7.2 to 20.6 mm, respectively. The root origin gradually increased from L-1 to L-5. The right and left nerve root–to-disc angle gradually decreased from L-3 to S-1 (range 105°–110.6° and 99°–108°). Disc heights gradually increased from L1–2 to L5–S1 (range 11.3–17.4 mm). The mean distance between the anterior and posterior borders of the intervertebral discs ranged from 39 to 46 mm for all levels. Conclusions To avoid neighboring neurovascular structures, instrumentation should not be inserted into the lumbar disc spaces more than 3 cm from their posterior edge. Accurate anatomical knowledge of the relationships of intervertebral discs to nerve roots is needed for spine surgeons.

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