A Multi-Point Tire Model for Studying Bridge–Vehicle Coupled Vibration

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (08) ◽  
pp. 1550047 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lu Deng ◽  
Ran Cao ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
Xinfeng Yin
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Single Point ◽  
Point Contact ◽  
Road Surface ◽  
Dynamic Responses ◽  
Tire Model ◽  
Point Model ◽  
Disk Model ◽  
The Road ◽  
Dynamic Amplification

The contact between a vehicle tire and the road surface has been usually assumed as a single-point contact in the numerical simulation of vehicle–bridge interacted vibrations. In reality, the tire contacts the road surface through a patch instead of a single point. According to some recent studies, the single-point tire model may overestimate the dynamic amplification of bridge responses due to vehicle loadings. A new tire model, namely, the multi-point tire model, is therefore proposed in this paper with the purpose of improving the accuracy of numerical simulation results over the single-point model, while maintaining a certain level of simplicity for applications. A series of numerical simulations are carried out to compare the effect of the proposed tire model with those of the existing single-point model and disk model on the bridge dynamic responses. The proposed tire model is also verified against the field test results. The results show that the proposed multi-point tire model can predict the bridge dynamic responses with better accuracy than the single-point model, especially under distressed bridge deck conditions, and is computationally more efficient and simpler for application than the disk model.

scholarly journals Pavement State Recognition Method Considering Slope

2021 ◽  
Vol 2113 (1) ◽  
pp. 012080
Author(s):  
Xiuhao Xi ◽  
Jun Xiao ◽  
Qiang Zhang ◽  
Yanchao Wang
Keyword(s):  
Surface Condition ◽  
Lateral Force ◽  
Longitudinal Force ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Road Surface ◽  
Tire Model ◽  
State Recognition ◽  
Adhesion Coefficient ◽  
The Road ◽  
Real Time Tracking

Abstract For the problem of road surface condition recognition, this paper proposes a real-time tracking method to estimate road surface slope and adhesion coefficient. Based on the fusion of dynamics and kinematics, the current road slope of the vehicle which correct vertical load is estimated. The effect of the noise from dynamic and kinematic methods on the estimation results is removed by designing a filter. The normalized longitudinal force and lateral force are calculated by Dugoff tire model, and the Jacobian matrix of the vector function of the process equation is obtained by combining the relevant theory of EKF algorithm. The road adhesion coefficient is estimated finally. The effectiveness of the algorithm is demonstrated by analyzing the results under different operating conditions, such as docking road and bisectional road, using a joint simulation of Matlab/Simulink and Carsim.

scholarly journals Mobile Laser Scanning Data for the Evaluation of Pavement Surface Distress

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 942 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Rosaria De Blasiis ◽  
Alessandro Di Benedetto ◽  
Margherita Fiani
Keyword(s):  
Point Cloud ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Single Point ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Point Clouds ◽  
Road Surface ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
The Road ◽  
Laser Systems

The surface conditions of road pavements, including the occurrence and severity of distresses present on the surface, are an important indicator of pavement performance. Periodic monitoring and condition assessment is an essential requirement for the safety of vehicles moving on that road and the wellbeing of people. The traditional characterization of the different types of distress often involves complex activities, sometimes inefficient and risky, as they interfere with road traffic. The mobile laser systems (MLS) are now widely used to acquire detailed information about the road surface in terms of a three-dimensional point cloud. Despite its increasing use, there are still no standards for the acquisition and processing of the data collected. The aim of our work was to develop a procedure for processing the data acquired by MLS, in order to identify the localized degradations that mostly affect safety. We have studied the data flow and implemented several processing algorithms to identify and quantify a few types of distresses, namely potholes and swells/shoves, starting from very dense point clouds. We have implemented data processing in four steps: (i) editing of the point cloud to extract only the points belonging to the road surface, (ii) determination of the road roughness as deviation in height of every single point of the cloud with respect to the modeled road surface, (iii) segmentation of the distress (iv) computation of the main geometric parameters of the distress in order to classify it by severity levels. The results obtained by the proposed methodology are promising. The procedures implemented have made it possible to correctly segmented and identify the types of distress to be analyzed, in accordance with the on-site inspections. The tests carried out have shown that the choice of the values of some parameters to give as input to the software is not trivial: the choice of some of them is based on considerations related to the nature of the data, for others, it derives from the distress to be segmented. Due to the different possible configurations of the various distresses it is better to choose these parameters according to the boundary conditions and not to impose default values. The test involved a 100-m long urban road segment, the surface of which was measured with an MLS installed on a vehicle that traveled the road at 10 km/h.

Toward Using Tire-Road Contact Stresses in Pavement Design and Analysis

2012 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 246-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morris De Beer ◽  
James W. Maina ◽  
Yvette van Rensburg ◽  
Jan M. Greben
Keyword(s):  
Contact Stress ◽  
Contact Stresses ◽  
Road Surface ◽  
Pavement Design ◽  
Tire Model ◽  
Contact Patch ◽  
Circular Shape ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Pavement ◽  
Vertical Contact

ABSTRACT: Optimization of road pavement design, especially close to the surface of the pavement, requires a more rational approach, which will inevitably include modeling of truck tire-road contact stresses. Various road-surfacing failures have been recorded as evidence that the traditional road pavement engineering tire model idealized by a single uniformly distributed vertical contact stress of circular shape may be inadequate to properly explain and assist in the design against road surface failures. This article therefore discusses the direct measurement of three-dimensional (3D) tire pavement contact stresses using a flatbed sensor system referred to as the “Stress-In-Motion” (SIM) system. The SIM system (or device) consists of multiple conically shaped steel pins, as well as an array of instrumented sensors based on strain gauge technology. The test surface is textured with skid resistance approaching that of a dry asphalt layer. Full-scale truck tires have been tested since the mid-1990s, and results show that 3D tire contact stresses are nonuniform and that the footprint is often not of circular shape. It was found that especially the vertical shape of contact stress distribution changes, mainly as a function of tire loading and associated tire inflation pressures. In overloaded/underinflated cases, vertical contact stresses are the highest toward the edges of the tire contact patch. Higher inflation pressures at lower loads, on the other hand, result in maximum vertical stresses toward the center portion of the tire contact patch. These differences in shape and magnitude need to be incorporated into modern mechanistic-empirical road pavement design tools. Four different idealized tire models were used to represent a single tire type to demonstrate effects of tire modeling on the road pavement response of a typical South African pavement structure incorporating a relatively thin asphalt surfacing. Only applied vertical stress was used for the analyses. It was found that the fatigue life of the road surface layer can be reduced by as much as 94% and strain energy of distortion be increased by a factor of 2.8, depending on the characteristics of the tire model input selected for road pavement design and analysis.

scholarly journals A Two-Step Drive-By Bridge Damage Detection Using Dual Kalman Filter

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (10) ◽  
pp. 2042006
Author(s):  
Jiantao Li ◽  
Xinqun Zhu ◽  
Siu-Seong Law ◽  
Bijan Samali
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Kalman Filter ◽  
Damage Detection ◽  
Interaction Force ◽  
Road Surface ◽  
Dynamic Responses ◽  
The Road ◽  
Stiffness Reduction ◽  
Bridge Damage ◽  
Road Surface Roughness

Drive-by bridge inspection using acceleration responses of a passing vehicle has great potential for bridge structural health monitoring. It is, however, known that the road surface roughness is a big challenge for the practical application of this indirect approach. This paper presents a new two-step method for the bridge damage identification from only the dynamic responses of a passing vehicle without the road surface roughness information. A state-space equation of the vehicle model is derived based on the Newmark-[Formula: see text] method. In the first step, the road surface roughness is estimated from the dynamic responses of a passing vehicle using the dual Kalman filter (DKF). In the second step, the bridge damage is identified based on the interaction force sensitivity analysis with Tikhonov regularization. A vehicle–bridge interaction model with a wireless monitoring system has been built in the laboratory. Experimental investigation has been carried out for the interaction force and bridge surface roughness identification. Results show that the proposed method is effective and reliable to identify the interaction force and bridge surface roughness. Numerical simulations have also been conducted to study the effectiveness of the proposed method for bridge damage detection. The vehicle is modeled as a 4-degrees-of-freedom half-car and the bridge is modeled as a simply-supported beam. The local bridge damage is simulated as an elemental flexural stiffness reduction. Effects of measurement noise, surface roughness and vehicle speed on the identification are discussed.The results show that the proposed drive-by inspection strategy is efficient and accurate for a quick review on the bridge conditions.

A Computerized Method for Dynamic Response of Vehicle-Bridge Interaction System under Various Conditions

2013 ◽  
Vol 639-640 ◽  
pp. 1214-1219
Author(s):  
Yao Xiao ◽  
Zheng Qing Chen ◽  
Xu Gang Hua
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Dynamic Effect ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Road Surface ◽  
Dynamic Responses ◽  
Superposition Method ◽  
The Road ◽  
Computerized Method ◽  
Road Surface Roughness ◽  
The Impact

A computerized method is presented for computing the dynamic responses of bridges under moving vehicles. The bridge and vehicle are treated as integrated system and modal superposition method is applied to transfer the equation of motion into modal coordinate system. The road roughness/unevenness is also considered. The effects of different vehicle models, vehicle passing speed and road surface roughness on bridge dynamic responses are studied. The impact factor representing the dynamic effect of passing vehicle is calculated for different road surface roughness

scholarly journals Numerical Investigation of Harvesting Solar Energy and Anti-Icing Road Surfaces Using a Hydronic Heating Pavement and Borehole Thermal Energy Storage

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 3443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raheb Mirzanamadi ◽  
Carl-Eric Hagentoft ◽  
Pär Johansson
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Energy Storage ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Thermal Energy Storage ◽  
Road Surface ◽  
Fluid Temperature ◽  
3D Numerical Simulation ◽  
The Road ◽  
On The Road

Hydronic Heating Pavement (HHP) is an environmentally friendly method for anti-icing the roads. The HHP system harvests solar energy during summer, stores it in a Seasonal Thermal Energy Storage (STES) and releases the stored energy for anti-icing the road surface during winter. The aims of this study are to investigate: (i) the feasibility of HHP system with low fluid temperature for harvesting solar energy and anti-icing the road surface; and (ii) the long-term operation of the STES. In this study, a Borehole Thermal Energy Storage (BTES) is considered to be the STES. The HHP system and the BTES are decoupled from each other and their performances are investigated separately. A hybrid 3D numerical simulation model is developed to analyze the operation of the HHP system. Moreover, a 3D numerical simulation model is made to calculate the temperature evolution at the borehole walls of the BTES. The climate data are obtained from Östersund, a city in the middle of Sweden with long and cold winter periods. Considering the HHP system with the inlet fluid temperature of 4 °C, the road area of 50 m × 3.5 m as well as the BTES with 20 boreholes and 200 m depth, the result showed that the harvested solar energy during summer is 352.1 kWh/(m2∙year), the required energy for anti-icing the road surface is 81.2 kWh/(m2∙year) and the average temperature variation at the borehole walls after 50 years is +0.5 °C. Installing the HHP system in the road leads to a 1725 h shorter remaining number of hours of slippery condition on the road surface during winter and a 5.1 °C lower temperature on the road surface during summer, compared to a road without the HHP system.

Capturing Planer Tire Enveloping Properties Using Static Constraint Modes

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
John B. Ferris
Keyword(s):  
Elastic Foundation ◽  
Nonlinear Dynamic ◽  
Recursive Algorithm ◽  
Road Surface ◽  
Geometric Constraints ◽  
New Method ◽  
Tire Model ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Surfaces ◽  
Tire Models

This work establishes a new method for predicting the deformed shape of a tire with unilateral geometric constraints imposed by the road surface. Specifically, a method is developed for determining the static constraint mode that captures the planer enveloping properties of a tire for uneven road surfaces. This new method uses a recursive algorithm for determining which geometric constraints are active. A simple planer tire model, described by a linear ring on an elastic foundation, is used to demonstrate the method. The result of this method is a set of active geometric constraints on the tire and the static constraint modes that compose the deflection of the tire along its circumference. The success of the method is demonstrated by an example. This work forms the basis for developing nonlinear dynamic tire models that accurately account for active, unilateral, geometric constraints on the tire.

Estimation of Road Surface Conditions From Tire Vibration

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshihiro Suda ◽  
Kimihiko Nakano ◽  
Hiroyuki Sugiyama ◽  
Ryuzo Hayashi ◽  
Shigeyuki Yamabe
Keyword(s):  
Absolute Nodal Coordinate Formulation ◽  
Surface Condition ◽  
Estimation Algorithm ◽  
Road Surface ◽  
Tire Model ◽  
Transmission Characteristics ◽  
Inertia Effects ◽  
The Road ◽  
Power Spectral ◽  
Road Friction

This paper proposes the estimation algorithm of road conditions from tire vibration. The basic concept of estimation is that the tire vibration is determined by road irregularity and road friction condition. Because of difficulty of direct measurement of tire vibration, it is estimated from body acceleration using known tire model and vehicle properties between tire and body. To estimate the road irregularity, the Independent Component Analysis (ICA) method is used. The elastic deformation of the tire belt is modeled using the finite element absolute nodal coordinate formulation which allows for modeling large rotational motion and the nonlinear inertia effects. With comparison between estimated tire vibration from road irregularity with ICA and tire model and actual tire vibration from road irregularity and road surface condition with known vehicle properties, road surface condition could be estimated. So, tire vibration power spectral density (PSD) calculated by using the transmission characteristics becomes the function of the road surface, the road ruggedness, and the tire characteristic. These are clarified by the PSD ratio, ICA and the tire model, and road surface condition become able to estimate.

BRIDGE VIBRATION UNDER VEHICULAR LOADS: TIRE PATCH CONTACT VERSUS POINT CONTACT

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (03) ◽  
pp. 529-554 ◽  
Author(s):  
XINFENG YIN ◽  
C. S. CAI ◽  
ZHI FANG ◽  
LU DENG
Keyword(s):  
Equations Of Motion ◽  
Point Contact ◽  
Interaction Force ◽  
Road Surface ◽  
Vehicle Speed ◽  
The Road ◽  
Coupling System ◽  
Coupling Equations ◽  
Footprint Area ◽  
Stiffness And Damping

When establishing the equations of motion of the bridge-vehicle coupling system, most researchers simplify the contact between the vehicle tire and road surface as a point contact. In reality, a vehicle tire deforms and makes contact with the road surface over a footprint area called patch contact. This paper presents a new method that allows for the effect of the patch contact on the dynamic response of the bridge-vehicle coupling system. In this method, the vehicle tire is modeled as a two-dimensional elementary spring model, and the patch contact is assumed to be a rectangle. The bridge-vehicle coupling equations are established by combining the equations of motion of both the bridge and vehicle using the displacement relationship and interaction force relationship at the patch contact. A series of simulation studies have been carried out in which the effects of various factors such as vehicle speed, tire stiffness and damping, size of the patch contact, number of vehicles, and faulting condition have been investigated. The numerical simulations and field test results show that the proposed method can more rationally simulate the interaction between the bridge and vehicles.

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