Toward Using Tire-Road Contact Stresses in Pavement Design and Analysis

2012 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 246-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morris De Beer ◽  
James W. Maina ◽  
Yvette van Rensburg ◽  
Jan M. Greben
Keyword(s):  
Contact Stress ◽  
Contact Stresses ◽  
Road Surface ◽  
Pavement Design ◽  
Tire Model ◽  
Contact Patch ◽  
Circular Shape ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Pavement ◽  
Vertical Contact

ABSTRACT: Optimization of road pavement design, especially close to the surface of the pavement, requires a more rational approach, which will inevitably include modeling of truck tire-road contact stresses. Various road-surfacing failures have been recorded as evidence that the traditional road pavement engineering tire model idealized by a single uniformly distributed vertical contact stress of circular shape may be inadequate to properly explain and assist in the design against road surface failures. This article therefore discusses the direct measurement of three-dimensional (3D) tire pavement contact stresses using a flatbed sensor system referred to as the “Stress-In-Motion” (SIM) system. The SIM system (or device) consists of multiple conically shaped steel pins, as well as an array of instrumented sensors based on strain gauge technology. The test surface is textured with skid resistance approaching that of a dry asphalt layer. Full-scale truck tires have been tested since the mid-1990s, and results show that 3D tire contact stresses are nonuniform and that the footprint is often not of circular shape. It was found that especially the vertical shape of contact stress distribution changes, mainly as a function of tire loading and associated tire inflation pressures. In overloaded/underinflated cases, vertical contact stresses are the highest toward the edges of the tire contact patch. Higher inflation pressures at lower loads, on the other hand, result in maximum vertical stresses toward the center portion of the tire contact patch. These differences in shape and magnitude need to be incorporated into modern mechanistic-empirical road pavement design tools. Four different idealized tire models were used to represent a single tire type to demonstrate effects of tire modeling on the road pavement response of a typical South African pavement structure incorporating a relatively thin asphalt surfacing. Only applied vertical stress was used for the analyses. It was found that the fatigue life of the road surface layer can be reduced by as much as 94% and strain energy of distortion be increased by a factor of 2.8, depending on the characteristics of the tire model input selected for road pavement design and analysis.

scholarly journals Road Pavement Design in One of Oversea Sewage Treatment Plant

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Chengbo Zhang ◽  
Cheng Hu ◽  
Qiaolin Liu ◽  
Zheng Wu
Keyword(s):  
Asphalt Concrete ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Pavement Design ◽  
Design Standard ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Pavement ◽  
Access Road ◽  
Increase Rate

Three methods are used for Road Pavement Design for access road and internal roads to Dasherkandi Sewage Treatment Plant in Bangladesh, the method, standards and ESA for design of the road are introduced, the issues of design standard for Sewage Treatment Plant, traffic increase rate and seal coat for asphalt concrete of the road are discussed, some of the propose is made to minimize different understanding in execution of the contract, it provides necessary references for similar oversea project in similar country.

scholarly journals Pavement State Recognition Method Considering Slope

2021 ◽  
Vol 2113 (1) ◽  
pp. 012080
Author(s):  
Xiuhao Xi ◽  
Jun Xiao ◽  
Qiang Zhang ◽  
Yanchao Wang
Keyword(s):  
Surface Condition ◽  
Lateral Force ◽  
Longitudinal Force ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Road Surface ◽  
Tire Model ◽  
State Recognition ◽  
Adhesion Coefficient ◽  
The Road ◽  
Real Time Tracking

Abstract For the problem of road surface condition recognition, this paper proposes a real-time tracking method to estimate road surface slope and adhesion coefficient. Based on the fusion of dynamics and kinematics, the current road slope of the vehicle which correct vertical load is estimated. The effect of the noise from dynamic and kinematic methods on the estimation results is removed by designing a filter. The normalized longitudinal force and lateral force are calculated by Dugoff tire model, and the Jacobian matrix of the vector function of the process equation is obtained by combining the relevant theory of EKF algorithm. The road adhesion coefficient is estimated finally. The effectiveness of the algorithm is demonstrated by analyzing the results under different operating conditions, such as docking road and bisectional road, using a joint simulation of Matlab/Simulink and Carsim.

A Multi-Point Tire Model for Studying Bridge–Vehicle Coupled Vibration

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (08) ◽  
pp. 1550047 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lu Deng ◽  
Ran Cao ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
Xinfeng Yin
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Single Point ◽  
Point Contact ◽  
Road Surface ◽  
Dynamic Responses ◽  
Tire Model ◽  
Point Model ◽  
Disk Model ◽  
The Road ◽  
Dynamic Amplification

The contact between a vehicle tire and the road surface has been usually assumed as a single-point contact in the numerical simulation of vehicle–bridge interacted vibrations. In reality, the tire contacts the road surface through a patch instead of a single point. According to some recent studies, the single-point tire model may overestimate the dynamic amplification of bridge responses due to vehicle loadings. A new tire model, namely, the multi-point tire model, is therefore proposed in this paper with the purpose of improving the accuracy of numerical simulation results over the single-point model, while maintaining a certain level of simplicity for applications. A series of numerical simulations are carried out to compare the effect of the proposed tire model with those of the existing single-point model and disk model on the bridge dynamic responses. The proposed tire model is also verified against the field test results. The results show that the proposed multi-point tire model can predict the bridge dynamic responses with better accuracy than the single-point model, especially under distressed bridge deck conditions, and is computationally more efficient and simpler for application than the disk model.

scholarly journals TINJAUAN KONDISI PERKERASAN JALAN DENGAN KOMBINASI NILAI INTERNATIONAL ROUGHNESS INDEX (IRI) DAN SURFACE DISTRESS INDEX (SDI) PADA JALAN TAKENGON – BLANGKEJEREN

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 543-552
Author(s):  
Baihaqi Baihaqi ◽  
Sofyan M. Saleh ◽  
Renni Anggraini
Keyword(s):  
Road Surface ◽  
Road Segment ◽  
International Roughness Index ◽  
Damage Level ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Pavement ◽  
Roughness Index ◽  
Surface Distress ◽  
Observation Method ◽  
Pavement Damage

Abstract: Takengon - Blangkejeren road is one of the cross national roads connecting Central Aceh Regency with Gayo Lues Regency. This road is in the mountainous terrain and often passed by heavy loaded vehicles so that often damaged. To overcome the frequent damage to this road segment, it is necessary to conduct a research on road pavement damage. The purpose of this research is to know the condition of road damage based on the combination of International Roughness Index (IRI) and Surface Distress Index (SDI). This study uses direct observation method in the field by conducting a visual survey of road pavement conditions. The result of the research shows that the total damage level of road surface is 30,54% while the road surface is not damaged by 69,46% from total of road that become research object, that is 12,63 Km divided into 6 road segment. For the overall condition of roads reviewed 45.02% good, 45.81% medium, 6.87% lightly damaged, 2.29% heavily damaged.Abstrak: Ruas jalan Takengon – Blangkejeren merupakan salah satu ruas jalan nasional lintas tengah yang menghubungkan Kabupaten Aceh Tengah dengan Kabupaten Gayo Lues. Jalan ini berada pada medan pegunungan dan sering dilalui kendaraan dengan beban yang berat sehingga sering mengalami kerusakan. Untuk mengatasi kerusakan yang sering terjadi pada ruas jalan ini perlu diadakan suatu penelitian mengenai jenis kerusakan perkerasan jalan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kondisi kerusakan jalan berdasarkan kombinasi nilai International Roughness Index (IRI) dan Surface Distress Index (SDI). Penelitian ini menggunakan metode pengamatan langsung dilapangan dengan melakukan survey secara visual terhadap kondisi perkerasan jalan. Dari hasil penelitian diperoleh tingkat kerusakan keseluruhan permukaan jalan adalah sebesar 30,54% sedangkan permukaan jalan yang tidak mengalami kerusakan sebesar 69,46 % dari total panjang jalan yang menjadi objek penelitian, yaitu 12,63 Km yang dibagi menjadi 6 buah segmen jalan. Untuk kondisi keseluruhan jalan yang ditinjau 45,02 % baik, 45,81 % sedang, 6,87 % rusak ringan, 2,29 % rusak berat.

scholarly journals DESAIN TEBAL PERKERASAN TERHADAP VOLUME LALU LINTAS PADA KONDISI TANAH RAWA JALAN LABUHA–TOMORI BACAN KABUPATEN HALMAHERA SELATAN

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chairul Anwar ◽  
M Taufik Yudha Saputra
Keyword(s):  
Flexible Pavement ◽  
Traffic Volume ◽  
Pavement Design ◽  
Distribution Factor ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Pavement ◽  
Traffic Lane ◽  
Road Type ◽  
Median Width ◽  
Pavement Thickness

This research was carried out on Jalan Oesman Shah on Labuha-Tomori Road. In determiningflexible pavement thickness, based on the results of analysis and calculation of PavementThickness Design Against Traffic Volume on Swamp Conditions on the Labuha-Tomori RoadSection using the Road Pavement Design Manual Number 02 / M / BM / 2013. Based on theexisting plan, this Labuha-Tomori road section in South Halmahera Regency, North MalukuProvince is an arterial road with 2-lane 2-way road type using the median (2/2 UD), plan width of10 meters, width of existing traffic lane 4, 5 meters, median width of 1 meter, and plannedshoulder width 2.40 m. Based on the results of the analysis of growth rates obtained traffic growthrates of 33.066% over the life of the plan, determining the distribution factor of the lane and thecapacity of the lane of lane 1 and the vehicle in the design lane taken 100%. The equivalent loadfactor can be determined using the value of VDF (Vehicle Damage Factor) according to thesurvey results in the field. The traffic volume plan to determine the CESA4 value = 18,835,021.85= 18.84 million is used for the selection of pavement types while the CESA5 value =33,903,039.33 = 33.90 million is used to determine the type of flexible pavement based on thedesign chart provided in The Road Pavement Design Manual Number 02 / M / BM / 2013, ishighly emphasized in terms of the improvement of subgrade, by looking at the condition of theCBR of the subgrade and CESA5 which will be received by pavement. So if the pavement CBR is5.20% and CESA5 is 33.90 Million, the flexible pavement design is of 2 kinds in the design ofpavement thickness: AC - WC = 4 cm, AC - BC = 15.5 cm, CTB = 15 cm, LPA Class A = 15 cm,Choice of 10 cm and AC - WC = 4 cm, AC - BC = 6 cm, AC BASE = 18 cm, LPA = 30 cm, Choiceof Stock = 10 cm, and Subgrade = 5.20%

An Investigation of the Slip of a Tire Tread

1997 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 78-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Lazeration
Keyword(s):  
Vehicle Control ◽  
Contact Stresses ◽  
Road Surface ◽  
Experimental Characterization ◽  
Small Magnitude ◽  
Surface Loss ◽  
The Road ◽  
Toe Angle ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Tire performance such as handling, noise, traction, wear, etc., is determined ultimately in the tire footprint. The nature of the distribution of the contact stresses within the tire footprint determine whether or not the tire tread adheres to the road or slips relative to the road surface. Loss of adhesion between the tire tread and the road can be extreme as in gross slippage resulting in the loss of vehicle control or it can be subtle as in the small magnitude slippage that promotes treadwear. This paper presents results from an experimental characterization of the slip between the tread of a free-rolling tire and a simulated road surface. Trajectories of discrete points on the tread surface were measured from the entrance to the exit of the footprint and were used to calculate the total slip of each point. The relationship between the average slip of the tire and toe angle was established. Also, the relationship between toe, camber, and the distribution of tread slip and velocity across the tire footprint, was investigated in this paper.

Investigation of the Effect of Reducing the Thickness of Road Surfacing Layers Within the Tolerance Limits on the Reliability and Durability of Highways

2020 ◽  
pp. 43-57
Author(s):  
С. В. Гошовец
Keyword(s):  
Surface Structure ◽  
Layer Thickness ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Road Surface ◽  
Tolerance Limits ◽  
Surface Layers ◽  
Design Standards ◽  
Strength Criteria ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Pavement

Состояние проблемы. Считается, что уменьшение толщины слоя в пределах допуска не оказывает существенного влияния на надежность и долговечность дорожной одежды. Так как конструкция дорожной одежды, как правило, состоит из нескольких слоев, можно предположить, что занижение толщины слоев в пределах допуска может оказать негативное влияние на прочность конструкции в целом. Применительно к отечественным нормам проектирования и строительства данное предположение остается не изученным. Результаты. Проведен анализ показателей, характеризующих толщину слоя, и практик назначения строительных допусков. Проанализированы исследования влияния допуска на надежность дорожной одежды и рекомендации по корректировке толщины слоев конструкции под влиянием допусков. Выполнены моделирование и расчет конструкций с учетом допусков. Выводы. Полученные результаты подтвердили предположение о том, что уменьшение толщины слоев дорожной одежды в пределах допусков негативно влияет на все критерии прочности. Предложено решение по устранению несогласованности между строительными допусками и нормами проектирования. Statement of the problem. Reducing the layer thickness within the tolerance is considered not to have a significant effect on the reliability and durability of the road surface structure. Since the construction of roadways usually consists of several layers, the assumption that understating the thickness of the layers within the tolerance can have a negative impact on the overall strength of the structure is not unreasonable. In relation to the domestic standards for the design and construction of this assumption has not yet been studied. Results. The analysis of indicators characterizing the layer thickness and practices for the purpose of construction tolerances, analysis of recommendations in the design standards for correcting the thickness of the layers of the structure due to the influence of tolerances, studies of the influence of tolerance on the reliability of road pavement, modeling and calculation of structures with allowances, suggestions are provided. Conclusions. The results confirmed the assumption that reducing the thickness of road surface layers within the tolerance limits negatively affects all the strength criteria. We have proposed a solution in order to eliminate inconsistencies between construction tolerances and design standards.

Justification Constructions of the Road Pavement Under Conditions of Changing Road Surface Temperature

2021 ◽  
pp. 161-172
Author(s):  
Anatoly Novik ◽  
Igor Drozdetskiy ◽  
Pavel Petukhov ◽  
Nikita Labusov ◽  
Vasilina Novik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Road Surface ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Pavement ◽  
Road Surface Temperature

scholarly journals INVESTIGATION INTO THE STABILITY OF DRIVING AN AUTOMOBILE ON THE ROAD PAVEMENT WITH RUTS

Transport ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 170-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vidmantas Vansauskas ◽  
Marijonas Bogdevičius
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Mathematical Simulation ◽  
Road Safety ◽  
Road Surface ◽  
First Line ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Pavement ◽  
On The Road ◽  
The Stability

The article reviews the stability of an automobile on the road pavement with ruts. The problems of road safety depend on many factors. One of those is the quality of the road surface. Big heavy lorries deform the road surface causing ruts especially in the first line of the road. The article analyzes the influence of the geometry of ruts on the stability of the automobile. A mathematical model of a 3D automobile and the interaction between wheels and the road surface and the geometry of the road surface are presented. The mathematical criterion of the stability of the moving automobile on the road surface with ruts is laid down. The results of mathematical simulation and the criterion of the stability of the moving automobile (60 km/h) on the road surface depending on the depth of ruts are introduced.

scholarly journals PHOTOGRAMMETRIC TECHNIQUES FOR ROAD SURFACE ANALYSIS

2016 ◽  
Vol XLI-B5 ◽  
pp. 515-520 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. A. Knyaz ◽  
A. G. Chibunichev
Keyword(s):  
Surface Analysis ◽  
Surface Reconstruction ◽  
Measuring Method ◽  
Parameters Estimation ◽  
Road Surface ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Pavement ◽  
Powerful Means ◽  
Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Road Materials

The quality and condition of a road surface is of great importance for convenience and safety of driving. So the investigations of the behaviour of road materials in laboratory conditions and monitoring of existing roads are widely fulfilled for controlling a geometric parameters and detecting defects in the road surface. Photogrammetry as accurate non-contact measuring method provides powerful means for solving different tasks in road surface reconstruction and analysis. The range of dimensions concerned in road surface analysis can have great variation from tenths of millimetre to hundreds meters and more. So a set of techniques is needed to meet all requirements of road parameters estimation. Two photogrammetric techniques for road surface analysis are presented: for accurate measuring of road pavement and for road surface reconstruction based on imagery obtained from unmanned aerial vehicle. The first technique uses photogrammetric system based on structured light for fast and accurate surface 3D reconstruction and it allows analysing the characteristics of road texture and monitoring the pavement behaviour. The second technique provides dense 3D model road suitable for road macro parameters estimation.

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