THE EFFECTS OF DRESS SHOES ON STABILITY DURING QUIET STANDING AND ENERGY CONSUMPTION WHILE WALKING

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (05) ◽  
pp. 1250029
Author(s):  
SAED MOHSEN MIRBOD ◽  
MOHAMMAD TAGHI KARIMI ◽  
A. ESHRAGHI
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Center Of Pressure ◽  
Force Plate ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Quiet Standing ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cost Index ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Physiological Cost ◽  
The Stability

Footwear is an extremely important clothing item worn by all individuals. Currently, there is insufficient research regarding the influence of dress shoes on standing stability and energy consumption while walking. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of dress shoes on the performance of normal subjects based on stability and energy consumption analysis. Fifteen normal subjects were recruited in this research study to stand and walk with and without shoes. The stability of the subjects in quiet standing was measured by the use of a force plate based on center of pressure (COP) sway. The energy consumption was evaluated by a heart rate monitoring system (Polar Electro) based on the physiological cost index (PCI). The mean values of PCI while walking with and without shoes were 0.29 ± 0.117 and 0.265 ± 0.112 beats/m, respectively (p-value > 0.05). The amplitudes of COP sways in the mediolateral and anteroposterior directions were 10.4 ± 3.5 and 25 ± 6.92 mm while standing with shoes and 9.3 ± 2.84 and 22.5 ± 5.25 mm in barefoot standing, respectively (p-value > 0.05). It can be concluded that wearing dress shoes does not influence the performance of subjects while standing or walking.

AN ASSESSMENT OF STABILITY, GAIT PERFORMANCE AND ENERGY CONSUMPTION IN INDIVIDUALS WITH TRANSFEMORAL AMPUTATION

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (04) ◽  
pp. 1550049 ◽  
Author(s):  
FATOMEH KHIRI ◽  
MOHAMMAD TAGHI KARIMI ◽  
FRANCIS FATOYE ◽  
NIMA JAMSHIDI
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Walking Speed ◽  
Force Plate ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Quiet Standing ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Transfemoral Amputation ◽  
Cost Index ◽  
Gait Performance ◽  
Significant Difference

Transfemoral amputation (TFA) results in reduced sensation, altered body image and loss of function. Energy expenditure is known to be significantly higher in individuals with TFA compared with their healthy counterparts. Kinetic and kinematics characteristics of individuals with TFA have been evaluated; however, stability during quiet standing has not been examined. This study evaluated stability, gait performance and energy consumption in individuals with TFA during standing and walking. A total of subjects (5 healthy and 5 with TFA) participated in this study. The motion of lower limb joints and the force applied on the leg were evaluated using a motion analysis system, Qualysis. Stability during standing was examined using a force plate and energy consumption during walking was evaluated based on physiological cost index (PCI). Group comparisons were made using the independent t-test. There was no significant difference in stability between subjects with TFA and normal subjects during standing. However, walking speed in subjects with TFA decreased significantly compared to normal subjects (p = 0.014). PCI of subjects with TFA was 0.525 ± 0.13 compared to 0.298 ± 0.059 beats/m in normal subjects (p < 0.05). It seems that stability in subjects with TFA was similar to their healthy counterparts. However, energy consumption was higher in the TFA group than in normal subjects, which may be due to slow walking speed. Clinicians are to be aware of these findings as they may be useful for effective management of the patients with TFA.

scholarly journals Evaluation the influence of core stability exercise on standing stability of hemiplegic cerebral palsy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
mohammad Karimi
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Approximate Entropy ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Core Stability ◽  
Quiet Standing ◽  
P Value ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Stability

Abstract Background: Cerebral palsy (CP) is one of the most common neurological disorders influences the abilities of the subjects to stand and walk. Various kinds of exercise are recommended to improve the stability of CP subjects during quiet standing. However, there is no evidence regarding the effects of core stability exercise on stability of CP subjects. Therefore, the aim of this research was to determine the efficiency of this exercise on stability of CP subjects.Method: Two group of normal and CP children were recruited in this study (10 subjects). The stability of the subjects was determined by use of a Kistler forceplate. The stability of the subjects was measured by Approximate entropy (ApEn) based on COP sways. The dynamic stability was evaluated by Berge balance scale. Ashworth scale was used to determine the spasticity of lower limb muscles groups. Results: The mean value of ApEn of CP patients in the anteroposterior and mediolateral directions were 0.465±0.11 and 0.426±0.99, respectively compared to 1.02±0.11 and 0.426±0.099 for normal subjects. There was a significant increase in ApEn of CP subjects before and after exercise (p-value<0.05). The mean value of Berge scale was 46.2±5.77 and 51.87±3.9 before and after exercise, respectively.Conclusion: As lower value of ApEn associated with decrease in complexity, higher rigidity and unstability, it can be concluded that CP subjects were unstable than normal subjects. Use of core stability exercise improves complexity of the system and improves the stability of the subjects due to its effect on muscular spasm.

scholarly journals The Effects of Active Self-Correction on Postural Control in Girls with Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis: The Role of an Additional Mental Task

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 1640 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elżbieta Piątek ◽  
Michał Kuczyński ◽  
Bożena Ostrowska
Keyword(s):  
Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis ◽  
Idiopathic Scoliosis ◽  
Postural Control ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Postural Sway ◽  
Center Of Pressure ◽  
Force Plate ◽  
Stroop Test ◽  
Quiet Standing ◽  
Mental Task

Due to balance deficits that accompany adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS), the potential interaction between activities of daily living and active self-correction movements (ASC) on postural control deserves particular attention. Our purpose was to assess the effects of ASC movements with or without a secondary mental task on postural control in twenty-five girls with AIS. It is a quasi-experimental within-subject design with repeated measures ANOVA. They were measured in four 20-s quiet standing trials on a force plate: no task, ASC, Stroop test, and both. Based on the center-of-pressure (COP) recordings, the COP parameters were computed. The ASC alone had no effect on any of the postural sway measures. Stroop test alone decreased COP speed and increased COP entropy. Performing the ASC movements and Stroop test together increased the COP speed and decreased COP entropy as compared to the baseline data. In conclusion, our results indicate that AIS did not interfere with postural control. The effects of the Stroop test accounted for good capacity of subjects with AIS to take advantage of distracting attentional resources from the posture. However, performing both tasks together exhibited some deficits in postural control, which may suggest the need for therapeutic consultation while engaging in more demanding activities.

Evaluation of the Stability of the Subjects with Anterior Cruciate Injuries Reconstruction

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hossein Akbari Aghdam ◽  
Mahsa Kavyani ◽  
Maryam Bosak ◽  
Mohammad Taghi Karimi ◽  
Mehdi Motififard
Keyword(s):  
Acl Reconstruction ◽  
Postural Stability ◽  
Center Of Pressure ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
P Value ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Anterior Cruciate ◽  
The Stability

AbstractAnterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is the most frequently injured ligament in the knee and is often injured during sport-related activities. ACL injuries influence the abilities of the subjects during standing and walking. Although early surgical intervention is preferred treatment for the majority of knee surgeons, the effect of this approach on postural stability of patients is not fully understood. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the difference between stability of ACL-reconstructed subjects before and after surgery. A group of 15 consecutive ACL injured patients participated in this study. Postural stability of the patients was evaluated 1 week before and 6 months after surgery (ACL reconstruction with hamstring autograft). A Kistler force plate was used to evaluate center of pressure (COP) sway during quiet standing. The mean values of the COP parameters were obtained in pre and postsurgery conditions. Paired sample t-test was used to evaluate the difference between the stability parameters of the two conditions. The significant point was set at 0.05. The mean value of path length of COP velocity in mediolateral (ML) direction was 1,485.57 ± 479.42 mm and 2,641.33 ± 996.26 mm before and after surgery, respectively (p-value = 0.01). Although the mean value of COP velocity in anteroposterior and ML directions increased after surgery, the difference was only significant for velocity in ML direction (p-value = 0.049). The results of this study showed that the standing stability of those with ACL reconstruction decreased significantly after ACL reconstruction, which may be due to the effects of the surgery on sensory mechanism of ACL and inability of patients to return to their previous deep sense perception and knee proprioception.

scholarly journals Effect of Plantar Flexor Muscle Fatigue on Postural Control

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tyler Grey ◽  
Daren Redguard ◽  
Rebecca Wengle ◽  
Peter Wegscheider
Keyword(s):  
Postural Stability ◽  
Center Of Pressure ◽  
Force Plate ◽  
Quiet Standing ◽  
Plantar Flexor ◽  
Healthy Male ◽  
Flexor Muscle ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Fatiguing Exercise ◽  
Male University Students

Objective. Previous studies have demonstrated that various factors alter postural stability. Our aim was to examine the effect of plantar flexor fatigue on postural stability in quiet standing. Methods. Fifteen healthy male university students (age, 21.3 ± 1.7y; height, 1.83 ± 0.06m; weight, 81.6 ± 9.4kg) were instructed to stand on a force plate before and after calf fatiguing exercise. The sensory systems were controlled by blindfolding subjects and having them stand on a flat firm surface, without moving their head. Fatigue was achieved through repetitive weighted plantar-flexor exercise. Standing balance was assessed by using a force plate to calculate Center of Pressure (CoP) displacement. Results. Plantar flexor fatigue led to significant (p

scholarly journals Evaluation of the stability of normal subjects and patients with Perthes and spinal cord injury disorders during short and long periods of time

2012 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Karimi ◽  
Amir Esrafilian
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Stability Analysis ◽  
Traditional Method ◽  
Force Plate ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
New Method ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Normal Adults

Background:Stability during standing is achieved by a complex coordination process between various human systems. The stability of normal subjects and patients with various neuromuscular disorders has been evaluated by common methods based on force plate data analysis for one minute. However, most of the people frequently stand for a prolonged period during daily activities.Objectives:This study aimed to evaluate the stability of subjects during a longer period of time. Moreover, the new method was introduced to analyze the stability of subjects with musculoskeletal disorders.Study Design:Experimental.Methods:Four groups of normal adults and children, individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) and Perthes disease were recruited in this study. Stability of the subjects was evaluated by using parameters collected from centre of pressure (COP) sways obtained while subjects standing on force plate for one and then five minutes based on the old and new methods. Two sample t-test was used to compare the stability of the subjects by the commonly used method. The number of stable to unstable frames was selected for final analysis based on the new method.Results:Based on the traditional method, the SCI and Perthes patients were more stable than normal subjects ( p < 0.05). Moreover, children were more unstable in the anteroposterior plane than adults. However, based on the new method, SCI and patients with Perthes disease were more unstable than normal adults. Moreover, in mediolateral direction the results of stability analysis with the new method differed from that of the traditional method.Conclusion:The new method of stability analysis seems to be more sensitive and accurate than that of the traditional commonly used method. Based on the new method, stability is the ability of a subject to return from an unstable position to a stable one and to remain in a stable one for a certain period of time.Clinical relevanceThe results of this research can be used by most clinicians to evaluate the stability of subjects with various musculoskeletal disorders.

Evaluation of Static and Dynamic Stability of Spinal Cord Injuries: What Are the Gaps

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Hussein Asiabi ◽  
Mokhtar Arazpour ◽  
Mahmoud Bahramizadeh ◽  
Mohammad Taghi Karimi
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Dynamic Stability ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Assistive Devices ◽  
Quiet Standing ◽  
Stability Parameters ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Lesion Level ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Improve Stability

Background. Depending on the level of lesion, spinal cord injury (SCI) individuals have limited ability to stand and walk. They have to use various assistive devices to restore their abilities. The aim of this study was to evaluate the stability of SCI individuals during walking and quiet standing. Material and methods. Three groups: normal subjects and SCI individuals with complete and incomplete lesions, were enrolled. Stability of the subjects was evaluated based on center of pressure (COP) sways in quiet standing and spatiotemporal gait parameters in walking. The difference between the stability of normal and SCI subjects was determined by use of the two-sample t test. The correlation between the mean values of stability parameters in standing and walking and lesion level was determined by use of Pearson’s correlation. Results. The stability of SCI subjects during quiet standing was better than that of normal subjects. How­ever, their dynamic stability was significantly less than normal subjects. The dynamic stability of complete and incomplete SCI subjects did not differ significantly (P-value<0.05). There was no correlation between lesion level and stability parameters. Conclusion. 1. SCI individuals suffer mostly from lack of dynamic stability, which does not depend on their lesion levels. 2. It seems that this problem may be due to rehabilitation methods used to improve stability in these patients. 3. It is recommended that new methods of rehabilitation or assistive devices should be used to improve stability of these individuals.

POSTURAL STEADINESS AFTER PROLONGED STANDING ON DIFFERENT SLOPED SURFACE IN YOUNG HEALTHY ADULTS

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (01) ◽  
pp. 1650007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yun-Chung Lin ◽  
Liang-Ching Tsai ◽  
Hsin-Yi Kathy Cheng ◽  
Yang-Hua Lin ◽  
Chih-Hsiu Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Center Of Pressure ◽  
Force Plate ◽  
Surface Current ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Quiet Standing ◽  
Prolonged Standing ◽  
Postural Changes ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Standing Test ◽  
Inclined Surface

Prolonged standing is related to various health problems such as lower back pain and lower extremity discomfort. This study was to investigate the effects of prolonged standing on posture control and whether the sloped surface is beneficial to adults who are required to stand for a long period of time. Twenty young healthy adults (age: [Formula: see text] years, height: [Formula: see text] cm, weight: [Formula: see text] kg, 6 males and 14 females) participated in this study. They were asked to perform a sixty-second quiet-standing evaluation first (i.e. the pre-test condition), then the thirty-minute standing test, and followed by the sixty-second standing test again (i.e. the post-test condition). They stood barefoot quietly on a force plate watching a video on television located 2 m ahead. Three sloped conditions, i.e. the level ground, inclined (with the ankle dorsiflexed), and declined (with the ankle plantarflexed), were randomly examined on separate days. The trajectory, maximal anteroposterior/mediolateral displacement, sway area, and complexity index (CI) of the center of pressure (CoP) during the standing tests were analyzed. Ten-point visual analogue scale (VAS) for perceived fatigue was also recorded. One-way ANOVA and paired t-test were used to analyze postural changes among sloped conditions before and after the prolonged standing. Signs of fatigue (VAS were [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] for the level, inclined, and declined conditions, respectively) and significant increases in all CoP measures for the three slope conditions after thirty minutes of standing (all [Formula: see text]) were noted. Trajectory was greatest under inclined, followed by the declined and level conditions ([Formula: see text]). The CI was generally greater under the declined surface than the level and inclined surfaces along with the thirty-minute standing. These findings indicated that prolonged standing resulted in fatigue and increased postural changes, particularly on the inclined surface. A greater complexity on the declined surface implied that participants had better adaptability while standing on a declined surface than a flat or inclined surface. Current findings suggested that a declined surface could be a suitable choice for a prolonged standing and further studies are warranted to evaluate its efficacy on different career workers.

The Impact of Foot Insole on the Energy Consumption of Flat-Footed Individuals During Walking

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Taghi Karimi ◽  
Niloofar Fereshtehnejad ◽  
Fatemeh Pool
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Case Series ◽  
T Test ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cost Index ◽  
Flat Foot ◽  
Human Foot ◽  
Physiological Cost ◽  
Normal Individuals ◽  
The Impact

Background. The human foot contains one of the most variable structures of the body, which is the medial longitudinal arch. Decrease in the height of this arch results in a flat foot. Although there is some evidence regarding the influence of flat foot on gait performance of flat-footed individuals, there is no strong evidence to support the theory that being flat-footed has an effect on energy consumption. Therefore, the aim of this study was to find the relationship between flat foot and energy consumption. Method. Two groups of normal and flat-footed participants were recruited in this research project. They were selected from the staff and students of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. The foot indexes of both groups were obtained using the footprint method with help of Solid worker software. The physiological cost index (PCI) of the participants was measured by the use of a heart rate monitoring system (Polar Electro, Finland). The differences between the PCIs of both groups of participants was determined using a t test. In addition, the influence of using an insole was evaluated using a paired t test. Result. The energy consumption of flat-footed individuals differed significantly from that of normal individuals (the PCIs of normal and flat-footed individuals were 0.357 and 0.368 beats/m, respectively). Using a foot insole improved the performance of the flat-footed individuals during walking. Conclusion. The PCI of flat-footed individuals is more than that of normal participants as a result of misalignment of foot structure. Moreover, using a foot insole improved foot alignment and decreased energy consumption. Levels of Evidence: Therapeutic, Level III: comparative case series

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