AN ASSESSMENT OF STABILITY, GAIT PERFORMANCE AND ENERGY CONSUMPTION IN INDIVIDUALS WITH TRANSFEMORAL AMPUTATION

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (04) ◽  
pp. 1550049 ◽  
Author(s):  
FATOMEH KHIRI ◽  
MOHAMMAD TAGHI KARIMI ◽  
FRANCIS FATOYE ◽  
NIMA JAMSHIDI
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Walking Speed ◽  
Force Plate ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Quiet Standing ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Transfemoral Amputation ◽  
Cost Index ◽  
Gait Performance ◽  
Significant Difference

Transfemoral amputation (TFA) results in reduced sensation, altered body image and loss of function. Energy expenditure is known to be significantly higher in individuals with TFA compared with their healthy counterparts. Kinetic and kinematics characteristics of individuals with TFA have been evaluated; however, stability during quiet standing has not been examined. This study evaluated stability, gait performance and energy consumption in individuals with TFA during standing and walking. A total of subjects (5 healthy and 5 with TFA) participated in this study. The motion of lower limb joints and the force applied on the leg were evaluated using a motion analysis system, Qualysis. Stability during standing was examined using a force plate and energy consumption during walking was evaluated based on physiological cost index (PCI). Group comparisons were made using the independent t-test. There was no significant difference in stability between subjects with TFA and normal subjects during standing. However, walking speed in subjects with TFA decreased significantly compared to normal subjects (p = 0.014). PCI of subjects with TFA was 0.525 ± 0.13 compared to 0.298 ± 0.059 beats/m in normal subjects (p < 0.05). It seems that stability in subjects with TFA was similar to their healthy counterparts. However, energy consumption was higher in the TFA group than in normal subjects, which may be due to slow walking speed. Clinicians are to be aware of these findings as they may be useful for effective management of the patients with TFA.

THE EFFECTS OF DRESS SHOES ON STABILITY DURING QUIET STANDING AND ENERGY CONSUMPTION WHILE WALKING

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (05) ◽  
pp. 1250029
Author(s):  
SAED MOHSEN MIRBOD ◽  
MOHAMMAD TAGHI KARIMI ◽  
A. ESHRAGHI
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Center Of Pressure ◽  
Force Plate ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Quiet Standing ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cost Index ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Physiological Cost ◽  
The Stability

Footwear is an extremely important clothing item worn by all individuals. Currently, there is insufficient research regarding the influence of dress shoes on standing stability and energy consumption while walking. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of dress shoes on the performance of normal subjects based on stability and energy consumption analysis. Fifteen normal subjects were recruited in this research study to stand and walk with and without shoes. The stability of the subjects in quiet standing was measured by the use of a force plate based on center of pressure (COP) sway. The energy consumption was evaluated by a heart rate monitoring system (Polar Electro) based on the physiological cost index (PCI). The mean values of PCI while walking with and without shoes were 0.29 ± 0.117 and 0.265 ± 0.112 beats/m, respectively (p-value > 0.05). The amplitudes of COP sways in the mediolateral and anteroposterior directions were 10.4 ± 3.5 and 25 ± 6.92 mm while standing with shoes and 9.3 ± 2.84 and 22.5 ± 5.25 mm in barefoot standing, respectively (p-value > 0.05). It can be concluded that wearing dress shoes does not influence the performance of subjects while standing or walking.

INFLUENCE OF FOOT INSOLE ON THE GAIT PERFORMANCE IN SUBJECTS WITH FLAT FOOT DISORDER

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (06) ◽  
pp. 1950050
Author(s):  
M. T. KARIMI ◽  
R. B. TAHMASEBI ◽  
B. SATVATI ◽  
F. FATOYE
Keyword(s):  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Ankle Joint ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Walking Speed ◽  
Force Plate ◽  
Flat Foot ◽  
Gait Performance ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Foot Disorder

Flat foot is the most common foot disorder that influences the alignment of the lower limb structure. It is controversial whether the use of foot insole influences kinetic and kinematic of the leg or not. Therefore, this study investigated the influence of foot insole on the gait performance in subjects with flat foot disorder. A group of flat foot subject was recruited into this study (the number of subjects was 15). The motion of the leg joints was determined using the Qualysis motion analysis system. Moreover, the force applied on the lower limb was recorded by a Kistler force plate. The range of motion of the lower limb joints, the moments applied on the lower limb joints and force transmitted through the leg were the parameters used in this study. The difference between these parameters during walking with and without insole was evaluated using the paired [Formula: see text]-test. Significant value was set at [Formula: see text]. There was no significant difference between the range of motion of ankle joint while walking with and without insole. However, the medial directed force applied on the leg decreased significantly [Formula: see text]. The use of foot insole did not influence the moments transmitted through the hip and knee joints. The walking speed of the subjects improved while walking with foot insole. Use of foot insole influenced the magnitude of the force applied on the leg and the adductor moment of ankle joint due to its influence on foot alignment. As the walking speed of the improved subjects follows the use of insole, it can be concluded that it may have a positive effects on the performance of flat foot subjects.

CLINICAL GAIT ANALYSIS OF SUBJECTS WITH TRANS-FEMORAL AMPUTATION USING POLYCENTRIC FOUR-BAR LINKAGE PROSTHETIC KNEE JOINT

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (05) ◽  
pp. 2050021
Author(s):  
RAJESH KUMAR MOHANTY ◽  
STHIRPRANJYAN BISWAL ◽  
PABITRA KUMAR SAHOO ◽  
SAKTI PRASAD DAS ◽  
R. C. MOHANTY ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Gait Analysis ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Vertical Component ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Gait Performance ◽  
Prosthetic Knee ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Four Bar Linkage

Background: Adequate research is not reported so far to underline the influence of commonly used polycentric knee joints on gait performance of subjects with trans-femoral amputation. Objective: The intent of this investigation is to analyze prosthetic gait of unilateral traumatic trans-femoral amputees with polycentric four-bar linkage knee and compare it with normal subjects for evaluating any asymmetry in gait performance. Methods: Objective three-dimensional gait analysis of 15 subjects [mean (age): 36.4 (10.7) years] were performed in gait lab through force plate and optoelectronic devices to measure temporal-spatial parameters, kinematic and kinetic performances. Gait patterns of amputees were compared with those of 15 individuals with normal gait to analyze distinct functionalities of existing polycentric knee. Results: Asymmetry in gait was observed between amputees and normal subjects for all variables concerned ([Formula: see text]). Amputee gait was with significantly lesser velocity, cadence with shorter step and stride length. There was significantly less hip, knee and pelvic motions, however, pelvic obliquity and rotation did not show significant difference from the normal subjects. The vertical component of the ground reaction force differed significantly between prosthetic and intact limb [49.7 (8.5)% and 90.4 (7.4)% body weight] and also from normal subjects [107.5 (2.4)% body weight] during stance ([Formula: see text]). Interpretation and Conclusion: This difference may be attributed to nonproportionate loading of limbs and mechanical adaptations for counteracting deficiencies of prosthetic side. This study will help to explain gait asymmetry in trans-femoral amputees and to identify underlying mechanisms to enhance the quality of the existing design of prosthetic knee through optimizing design parameters and utilizing appropriate materials.

BCR-ABL1 Oncogene Down-regulates the Expression of OCT1 in CML.

Blood ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 114 (22) ◽  
pp. 3248-3248
Author(s):  
Alexandra Bazeos ◽  
David Marin ◽  
Gareth Gerrard ◽  
Richard Szydlo ◽  
Dragana Milojkovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Cation Transporter ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Serum Drug Concentration ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Duration Of Action ◽  
Transcript Levels ◽  
Log Reduction ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Pre Treatment

Abstract Abstract 3248 Poster Board III-1 The polyspecific organic cation transporter OCT1 (SLC22A1) exhibits broad substrate specificity and facilitates the intracellular uptake of imatinib mesylate (IM). The contribution of OCT1 to the clinical outcome of CML patients treated with IM remains controversial. The aim of this study was to compare OCT1 transcript levels in different normal cell populations, to examine the effect of BCR-ABL1 oncoprotein and IM on OCT1 expression, to investigate the predictive value of OCT1 levels and to determine whether OCT1 SNPs in CML patients correlate with altered IM response and sensitivity. We found that OCT1 mRNA expression was higher in normal PMNs than in normal MNCs (p<0.0001). In CML, total WBC OCT1 transcript levels were significantly higher in CCyR samples than in patient samples collected at diagnosis (p<0.0001). There was no significant difference between OCT1 expression at the time of cytogenetic remission in CML patients (n=60) compared with OCT1 expression in normal subjects (n=21) suggesting an inhibitory effect of Bcr-Abl1 rather than a drug inducing effect of IM. Furthermore, OCT1 transcript levels at diagnosis prior to IM therapy could predict for both a 3- and 4-log reduction in Bcr-Abl1 transcripts following IM therapy. We investigated the association of 7 previously described non-synonymous SNPs of SLC22A1 with respect to IM response in 89 CCyR responders and 44 non-responders. SNPs P283L, R287G and C88R were not subjected to statistical analysis as the frequency of polymorphisms in our cohort at these respective loci was too small. For the remaining 4 screened SNPs (rs622342, R61C, P341L and G401S), no relationship could be found between allele frequency and pre-treatment OCT1 transcript levels (n=60). This finding is expected, given that the locations of these SNPs do not involve the promoter region of SLC22A1. We were however able to demonstrate a correlation between response to IM and SNP G401S. Though numbers were small, heterozygotes for this allele had a greater probability of achieving a 3-log reduction in Bcr-Abl1 transcript levels (p=0.015). Although this genotype has been described previously as a loss of function polymorphism, we showed the opposite to be true in CML patients on IM therapy. This finding may suggest that first-pass extraction of orally administered IM by liver metabolizing cells, could be diminished and so lead to a higher serum drug concentration and hence a greater intensity and duration of action. Alternatively, this could highlight the insignificant contribution that genetic variation of SCL22A1 plays in the outcome of patients with CML. In conclusion, OCT1 transcript levels vary in different cells types, are low in untreated CML patients but return to ‘normal' after successful treatment with IM. The clinical relevance of SLC22A1 SNPs warrants further study. Disclosures: Novartis: Consultancy, Research Funding.

scholarly journals A comparison of paraplegic gait performance using two types of reciprocating gait orthoses

1993 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. K. Winchester ◽  
J. J. Carollo ◽  
R. N. Parekh ◽  
L. M. Lutz ◽  
J. W. Aston
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Respiratory Exchange Ratio ◽  
Energy Costs ◽  
Orthotic Devices ◽  
Cost Index ◽  
Gait Performance ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Spinal Cord Injured

This study examined the energy cost of ambulation using the reciprocating gait orthosis (RGO) and the modified Isocentric RGO in paraplegic spinal cord injured subjects. In 4 subjects, the rates of O2 consumption per minute, O2 cost per metre, heart rate (HR), respiratory exchange ratio, velocity, and physiologic cost index (PCI) were measured during ambulation with the two orthotic devices. PCI was calculated by dividing the difference between walking and resting HR by velocity. PCI was significantly lower during ambulation trials with the Isocentric RGO compared to the RGO, but was the only measurement that detected a significant difference beween the two orthotic devices. These results indicate that energy costs of ambulation at self-selected speeds were lower with the Isocentric RGO compared to the standard RGO. Furthermore, PCI could be used as a sensitive indicator of gait efficiency in spinal cord injury subjects.

scholarly journals Comparison of Different Microprocessor Controlled Knee Joints on the Energy Consumption during Walking in Trans-Femoral Amputees: Intelligent Knee Prosthesis (IP) Versus C-Leg

2006 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takaaki Chin ◽  
Katsuhiro Machida ◽  
Seishi Sawamura ◽  
Ryouichi Shiba ◽  
Hiroko Oyabu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Knee Joint ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Walking Speed ◽  
Knee Prosthesis ◽  
Knee Joints ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Walking Performance ◽  
In Trans ◽  
Walking Speeds

The purpose of this study was to investigate the characteristic differences between the IP and C-Leg by making a comparative study of energy consumption and walking speeds in trans-femoral amputees. The subjects consisted of four persons with traumatic trans-femoral amputations aged 17 – 33 years who had been using the IP and were active in society. Fourteen able-bodied persons served as controls. First the energy consumption at walking speeds of 30, 50, 70, and 90 m/min was measured when using the IP. Then the knee joint was switched to the C-Leg. The same energy consumption measurement was taken once the subjects were accustomed to using the C-Leg. The most metabolically efficient walking speed was also determined. At a walking speed of 30 m/min using the IP and C-Leg, the oxygen rate (ml/kg/min) was, on average, 42.5% and 33.3% higher ( P<0.05) than for the able-bodied group. At 50 m/min, the equivalent figures were 56.6% and 49.5% ( P<0.05), while at 70 m/min the figures were 57.8% and 51.2% ( P<0.05), and at 90 m/min the figures were 61.9% and 55.2% ( P<0.05%). Comparing the oxygen rates for the subjects using the IP and C-Leg at walking speeds of 30 m/min and 90 m/min it was found that subjects who used C-Leg walked somewhat more efficiently than those who used IP. However, there was no significant difference between the two types at each walking speed. It was also determined that the most energy-efficient walking speed for subjects using the IP and C-Leg was the same as for the controls. Although the subjects in this study walked with comparable speed and efficiency whether they used the IP or C-Leg, the subjects' energy consumption while walking with the IP and C-Leg at normal speeds were much lower than previously reported. This study suggested that the microprocessor controlled knee joints appeared to be valid alternative for improving walking performance of trans-femoral amputees.

Auditory Selective Attention in Cerebral-Palsied Individuals

1985 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 260-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee Ann Laraway
Keyword(s):  
Selective Attention ◽  
White Noise ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Auditory Selective Attention ◽  
Normal Individuals ◽  
Significant Difference

The purpose of this study was to determine whether there is a statistically significant difference between the auditory selective attention abilities of normal and cerebral-palsied individuals. Twenty-three cerebral-palsied and 23 normal subjects between the ages of 5 and 21 were asked to repeat a series of 30 items consisting of from 2 to 4 digits in the presence of intermittent white noise. Results of the study indicate that cerebral-palsied individuals perform significantly poorer than normal individuals when the stimulus is accompanied by noise. Noise was not a significant factor in the performance of the normal subjects regardless of age.

A Specific Immunologic Assay for Functional Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 in Plasma – Standardized Measurements of the Inhibitor and Related Parameters in Patients with Venous Thromboembolic Disease

1992 ◽  
Vol 68 (05) ◽  
pp. 486-494 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malou Philips ◽  
Anne-Grethe Juul ◽  
Johan Selmer ◽  
Bent Lind ◽  
Sixtus Thorsen
Keyword(s):  
Plasminogen Activator ◽  
Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Tissue Type ◽  
Blood Collection ◽  
Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 ◽  
Type Plasminogen Activator ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Activator Inhibitor ◽  
Pai 1

SummaryA new assay for functional plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) in plasma was developed. The assay is based on the quantitative conversion of PAI-1 to urokinase-type plasminogen activator (u-PA)-PAI-l complex the concentration of which is then determined by an ELISA employing monoclonal anti-PAI-1 as catching antibody and monoclonal anti-u-PA as detecting antibody. The assay exhibits high sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and precision. The level of functional PAI-1, tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) activity and t-PA-PAI-1 complex was measured in normal subjects and in patients with venous thromboembolism in a silent phase. Blood collection procedures and calibration of the respective assays were rigorously standardized. It was found that the patients had a decreased fibrinolytic capacity. This could be ascribed to high plasma levels of PAI-1. The release of t-PA during venous occlusion of an arm for 10 min expressed as the increase in t-PA + t-PA-PAI-1 complex exhibited great variation and no significant difference could be demonstrated between the patients with a thrombotic tendency and the normal subjects.

Comparative Plasma Heparin Levels after Subcutaneous Sodium and Calcium Heparin

1978 ◽  
Vol 40 (02) ◽  
pp. 397-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joyce Low ◽  
J C Biggs
Keyword(s):  
Peak Plasma ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Factor Xa ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Sodium Salts ◽  
Sodium Heparin ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Heparin Plasma ◽  
Calcium Heparin ◽  
Plasma Heparin

SummaryComparative plasma heparin levels were measured in normal subjects injected subcutaneously with 5,000 units of the sodium and calcium salts of heparin. Plasma heparin levels were measured up to 7 hr post-injection by an anti-factor Xa assay (Denson and Bonnar 1973). Preliminary studies indicated that heparin levels were reproducible in subjects who received two injections of the same heparin. Peak plasma concentrations (Cmax) and the time at which peak concentration was reached (Tmax) varied greatly from subject to subject. In one group of subjects (15) two commonly used heparins, a sodium heparin (Evans) and a calcium heparin (Choay) were compared. Peak heparin concentrations were not significantly different. However the Tmax for the sodium heparin (1.5 hr) was significantly earlier than the Tmax for the calcium heparin (3 hr) and this was not due to a difference in the volume of the two heparin injections. No significant difference could be detected in the plasma clearance rate and the molecular weight distribution of the two heparins.In two other groups of subjects, sodium and calcium preparations from two manufacturers were compared. In general, the sodium salts gave rise to significantly higher plasma concentrations, which could be interpreted as a greater bioavailability of sodium salts. These results indicate that the salt of the heparin can influence the plasma concentration achieved after subcutaneous injection.

A COMPARISON OF TWO METHODS FOR MEASUREMENT OF ALDOSTERONE SECRETION RATE IN MAN

1966 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Lund-Johansen ◽  
T. Thorsen ◽  
K. F. Støa
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Secretion Rate ◽  
Aldosterone Secretion ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Derivative Method ◽  
The Mean

ABSTRACT A comparison has been made between (A), a relatively simple method for the measurement of aldosterone secretion rate, based on paper chromatography and direct densitometry of the aldosterone spot and (B) a more elaborate isotope derivative method. The mean secretion rate in 9 normal subjects was 112 ± 26 μg per 24 hours (method A) and 135 ± 35 μg per 24 hours (method B). The »secretion rate« in one adrenalectomized subject after the intravenous injection of 250 μg of aldosterone was 230 μg per 24 hours (method A) and 294 μg per 24 hours (method B). There was no significant difference in the mean values, and correlation between the two methods was good (r = 0.80). It is concluded that the densitometric method is suitable for clinical purposes as well as research, being more rapid and less expensive than the isotope derivative method. Method A also measures the urinary excretion of the aldosterone 3-oxo-conjugate, which is of interest in many pathological conditions. The densitometric method is obviously the less sensitive and a prerequisite for its use is an aldosterone secretion of 20—30 μg per 24 hours. Lower values are, however, rare in adults.

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