DENSITY FUNCTIONAL STUDY ON THE PROTON ASSISTED ISOMERIZATION OF 1H-IMIDAZO(4,5-b)PYRIDINE DERIVATIVES

2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (03) ◽  
pp. 651-661 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. P. DEKA ◽  
C. MEDHI
Keyword(s):  
Excited States ◽  
Ground State ◽  
Density Functional ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Relative Energy ◽  
Functional Study ◽  
Pyridine Derivatives ◽  
Energy Gaps ◽  
Free Molecules ◽  
Pass Through

The proton assisted isomerization reactions of 1H-imidazo(4,5-b)pyridine (IMP) derivatives have been studied by using B3LYP/6-31G + (d,p) calculations, and the transition states of the reactions are analyzed with B3LYP/6-31+G(d,p) opt=qst3 route. It has been found that the prototropic transformation could be the feasible pathway of isomerization, since the energy gaps between the various protonated isomers are found closer compared to free molecules. The conversion of IMP-a1 to IMP-b1 may pass through several protrotopic isomerization, since the activation energy as well as the relative energy levels of these isomers are not small compared to other pathways. However, the results suggest that some of the reactions may take place simultaneously through protrotopic transformation. The relative variations of energy gaps in the excited states are smaller than the ground states. The protrotropic transformation in the excited states may be more feasible than the ground state.

CHAMELEON GROUND STATE AND EXCITED STATES OF EDT-TTF-IM-F4TCNQ RADICAL DYAD IN DIFFERENT ENVIRONMENTS

2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (03) ◽  
pp. 505-525 ◽  
Author(s):  
YUHUA ZHOU ◽  
KAI TAN ◽  
XIN LU
Keyword(s):  
Charge Transfer ◽  
Solid State ◽  
Excited States ◽  
Ground State ◽  
Density Functional ◽  
Solvent Polarity ◽  
Functional Study ◽  
Polar Solvents ◽  
Model Calculations ◽  
A Charge

We have performed a systematic density functional study on the ground-state electronic structure and excited states of a representative D-σ-A dyad, i.e. EDT-TTF-Im-F4TCNQ π-radical, in vacuo and in different conventional solvents (toluene, THF, DMF and DMSO) by using some popular hybrid density functionals (B3LYP, M05, M05-2X, PBE0 and BMK). It has been shown that the M05 and B3LYP functionals perform the best in predicting the intramolecular charge-transfer (ICT) pertaining to both the ground state and excited states of the dyad. The amphoteric dyad is liable to solvent-promoted ICT from its EDT-TTF-Im donor (D) to F4TCNQ acceptor (A), adopting a charge-unseparated ground state D-A• in vacuo, a partially zwitterionic ground state [D-A]• in nonpolar toluene solvent, and a fully zwitterionic ground state D•+-A- in such polar solvents as THF, DMF and DMSO. Owing to its solvent-dependent chameleon ground state, excited states of the dyad in solvents also exhibit remarkable dependence on solvent polarity, as revealed by TDDFT calculations. Furthermore, cluster model calculations revealed that intermolecular charge-transfer readily occurs between the dyads, accounting for the observed zwitterionic charge state in solid state and solid-state semiconductivity.

scholarly journals Local aromaticity of linear cata-benzocoronenes and acenes: density functional study

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-42 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Density Functional ◽  
Computational Study ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Functional Study ◽  
Functional Theory ◽  
Energy Gaps ◽  
Molecular Length ◽  
Benzene Rings ◽  
Lowest Unoccupied Molecular Orbitals ◽  
Local Aromaticity

Abstract A computational study using density functional theory is reported for the coronene monomer and selected linear cata-benzocoronene oligomers. Local aromaticity was discussed and analysed using the theoretical Harmonic Oscillator Model of the Electron Delocalisation (HOMED) index and its geometric (GEO) and energetic (EN) contributions. The [n]acenes (n = 3, 7, 11 and 15) served as reference molecules. Local aromaticity of individual superbenzene rings has oscillating character. On the other hand, the highest HOMED parameters which are practically independent on the molecular lengths were found for the smallest molecules including condensed benzene rings in their structure. For the largest structure of [n]acenes (n = 15), the inner rings are less aromatic than the outer ones. Depending on the molecular length, the energy gaps between the B3LYP energy levels of the highest occupied and lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals vary from 2.71 eV to 4.04 eV for coronene series and from 0.61 eV to 3.59 eV for [n]acenes.

A Density Functional Study of Structures and Vibrations of Ta3O and Ta3O−

2005 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 164-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrizia Calaminici ◽  
Roberto Flores–Moreno ◽  
Andreas M. Köster
Keyword(s):  
Ground State ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Density Functional ◽  
Equilibrium Structure ◽  
Negative Ion ◽  
Functional Study ◽  
Experimental Prediction ◽  
Extra Electron ◽  
Ground State Structures ◽  
Good Agreement

Density functional calculations of neutral and anionic tantalum trimer monoxide are presented. The calculations were performed employing scalar quasi–relativistic effective core potentials. Different isomers of Ta3O and Ta3O- were studied in order to determinethe ground state structures. For both systems a planar C2vstructure with an edge-boundoxygen atom was found as ground state. Equilibrium structure parameters, harmonic frequencies, adiabatic electron affinity and Kohn-Sham orbital diagrams are reported. The calculated values are in good agreement with the available experimental data obtained from negative ion photoelectron spectroscopy. The correlation diagram between the neutral and anionic Ta3O shows that, in agreement with the experimental prediction, the extra electron in the anionic system occupies a nonbonding orbital.

scholarly journals X-ray laser lines in nickel-like erbium

2016 ◽  
Vol 94 (8) ◽  
pp. 705-711
Author(s):  
Wessameldin S. Abdelaziz
Keyword(s):  
Ionization Potential ◽  
Excited States ◽  
Ground State ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Single Electron ◽  
Electron Densities ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Electron Excited States

Energy levels of 249 excited levels in nickel-like erbium are calculated using the 3s23p63d10 as a ground state and the single electron excited states from n = 3 to n = 4, 5 orbitals, calculations have been performed using FAC code (Gu. Astrophys. J. 582, 1241 (2003). doi:10.1086/344745 ). The populations are calculated over electron densities from 1020 to 1023 cm−3 and electron temperatures 1/2, 3/4 of the ionization potential of Ni-like Er. The gain coefficients of the transitions are calculated.

Evaluation of Luminescence Decay Measurements Probed on Pure and Doped Pt(IV) Hexahalogeno Complexes. II. Molecular Properties Obtained from Temperature Dependent Lifetime Curves

1997 ◽  
Vol 52 (5) ◽  
pp. 447-456
Author(s):  
Ingo Biertümpel ◽  
Hans-Herbert Schmidtke
Keyword(s):  
Excited States ◽  
Ground State ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Decay Rates ◽  
Rate Equations ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Lifetime Measurements ◽  
Thermally Activated ◽  
Ground State Energies ◽  
Higher Excited States

Abstract Lifetime measurements down to nearly liquid helium temperatures are used for determining energy levels and transition rates between excited levels and relaxations into the ground state. Energies are obtained from temperature dependent lifetimes by fitting experimental curves to model functions pertinent for thermally activated processes. Rates are calculated from solutions of rate equations. Similar parameters for pure and doped Pt(IV) hexahalogeno complexes indicate that excited levels largely belong to molecular units. Some of the rates between excited states are only somewhat larger than decay rates into the ground state, which is a consequence of the polyexponential decay measured also at low temperature (2 K). In the series of halogen complexes, the rates between spinorbit levels resulting from 3T1g increase from fluorine to bromine, although energy splittings become larger. Due to the decreasing population of higher excited states in this series, K^PtFö shows a tri-exponential, K2PtCl6 a bi-exponential and FoPtBr6 a mono-exponential decay. In the latter case the population density of higher excited states relaxes so fast that emission occurs primarily from the lowest excited Γ3(3T1g) level. Phase transitions and emission from chromophores on different sites can also be observed.

Density Functional Study of H2S Adsorption on Small Agn (n = 1–5)

2013 ◽  
Vol 634-638 ◽  
pp. 47-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Qing Wen ◽  
A Ping Yang ◽  
Guo Xiang Chen ◽  
Chen Jun Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Density Functional Theory ◽  
Binding Energy ◽  
Density Functional ◽  
Global Minimum ◽  
Electronic States ◽  
Functional Study ◽  
Functional Theory ◽  
Energy Gaps ◽  
Single Fold ◽  
Homo And Lumo

The global-minimum geometries and electronic states of AgnH2S (n=1-5) clusters have been calculated using density-functional theory. Our calculations predicate that the stable geometries of AgnH2S clusters can be got by directly adding the H2S molecule on different site of Agn clusters, Agn (n=1-5) clusters would like to bond with sulfur atom and the H2S molecule is partial to hold the top location and single fold coordination site in the clusters. After adsorption, the structures of Agn clusters and H2S molecule keep the original structures and are only distorted slightly. The averaged binding energy reveals that adsorption of H2S molecule can strengthen the stabilities of AgnH2S clusters. The second difference in energy and the energy gaps between the HOMO and LUMO of Agn and AgnH2S have been studied.

Combined Computational and Experimental Studies of Trans- and Cis-Isomers of Potassium Diaquabis(Oxalato)Chromate (III)

2017 ◽  
Vol 757 ◽  
pp. 103-107
Author(s):  
Songtham Ruangchaithaweesuk ◽  
Juthathip Chorkate ◽  
Thana Maihom ◽  
Potjaman Poolmee ◽  
Piti Treesukol ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Excited States ◽  
Density Functional ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Relative Energy ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Dft Methods ◽  
Functional Theory ◽  
Stable Forms ◽  
Tddft Method ◽  
Dependent Density

The trans- and cis-isomers of potassium diaquabis(oxalato)chromate (III) were studied computationally and experimentally. The structures of trans- and cis-configurations of [Cr(H2O)2(C2O4)2]- were optimized by DFT methodology with various functionals namely: B3LYP, CAM-B3LYP, TPSS, PBE, M06-L and ωB97X-D along with the more sophisticated MP2 method. The calculations show that the most stable forms for both isomers are in quartet states. The results from all DFT methods reveal that the cis-isomer is literally more stable than the trans-isomer with the lower average relative energy of 2.1 kcal/mol. These are consistent with the results from MP2 calculation and experimental observation. The absorption wavelengths for the excited states of trans- and cis-structures were calculated by the time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) method. For the experiments, the trans- and cis-isomers of potassium diaquabis(oxalato)chromate (III) were synthesized and characterized by UV-Vis spectrophotometry. Both isomers have two maximum absorption wavelengths at 415 and 560 nm.

A density functional study of Rh13

2013 ◽  
Vol 91 (7) ◽  
pp. 591-597 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrizia Calaminici ◽  
José M. Vásquez-Pérez ◽  
Diego A. Espíndola Velasco
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Dynamics ◽  
Ground State ◽  
Density Functional ◽  
Local Density ◽  
Structural Parameters ◽  
Functional Study ◽  
Ground State Structure ◽  
State Structure ◽  
Generalized Gradient ◽  
Density Functional Study

A density functional study was performed for the Rh13 cluster using the linear combination of Gaussian-type orbitals density functional theory (LCGTO-DFT) approach. The calculations employed both the local density approximation (LDA) as well as the generalized gradient approximation (GGA) in combination with a quasi-relativistic effective core potential (QECP). Initial structures for the geometry optimization were taken along Born–Oppenheimer molecular dynamics (BOMD) trajectories. The BOMD trajectories were performed at different temperatures and considered different potential energy surfaces (PES). As a result, several hundred isomers of the Rh13 cluster in different spin multiplicities were optimized with the aim to determine the lowest energy structures. All geometry optimizations were performed without any symmetry restriction. A vibrational analysis was performed to characterize these isomers. Structural parameters, relative stability energy, harmonic frequencies, binding energy, and most relevant Kohn–Sham (KS) molecular orbitals are reported. The obtained results are compared with available data from the literature. This study predicts a low symmetry biplanarlike structure as the ground-state structure of Rh13 with 11 unpaired electrons. This isomer was first noticed by inspection of first-principle Born–Oppenheimer molecular dynamics (BOMD) simulations between 300 and 600 K. This represents the most extensive theoretical study on the ground-state structure of the Rh13 cluster and underlines the importance of BOMD simulations to fully explore the PES landscapes of complicated systems.

Luminescence properties and optimized structural conformations of the S0, S1 and T1 states of a tetranuclear formamidinate complex based on AuI and AgI metal ions

2019 ◽  
Vol 75 (7) ◽  
pp. 985-989
Author(s):  
Wayne Hsu
Keyword(s):  
Metal Ions ◽  
Excited States ◽  
Ground State ◽  
Density Functional ◽  
Metal Salts ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Functional Theory ◽  
Planar Conformation ◽  
Ligand Charge Transfer ◽  
Td Dft

N,N′-Bis(pyridin-4-yl)formamidine (4-pyfH) was reacted with AuI and AgI metal salts to form a novel tetranuclear complex, tetrakis[μ-N,N′-bis(pyridin-4-yl)formamidinato]digold(I)disilver(I), [Ag2Au2(C11H9N4)2] or [Au x Ag4–x (4-pyf)4] (x = 0–4), 1, which is supported by its metallophilicity. Due to the potential permutation of the coordinated metal ions, six different canonical structures of 1 can be obtained. Complex 1 shows an emission at 501 nm upon excitation at 375 nm in the solid state and an emission at 438 nm upon excitation at 304 nm when dispersed in methanol. Time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) calculations confirmed that these emissions can be ascribed to metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) processes. Moreover, the calculations of the optimized structural conformations of the S0 ground state, and the S1 and T1 excited states are discussed and suggest a distorted planar conformation for the tetranuclear Au2Ag2 complex.

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