Experimental Investigation on Hardness Properties of Laser Hardened Bead Profile of Commercially Pure Titanium Grade3 Using Nd:YAG Laser

This research paper presents the laser transformation hardening (LTH) to improve the surface hardness of commercially pure titanium, nearer to ASTM Grade3 chemical composition of 1.6[Formula: see text]mm thickness sheet using a CW (continuous wave) 2[Formula: see text]kW, with radiation wavelength [Formula: see text][Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m Nd:YAG laser. Full factorial and response surface design approach in Design Expert 9 software have been discussed and evaluated by statistical regression analysis and analysis of variance. The experiment was carried out as the full factorial design (FFD) array of 27 with 3 factors, 3 levels, i.e. 3[Formula: see text] experiments. The selected input parameters are: laser power, scanning speed and focused position, and responses are: Vickers Microhardness on top surface, in fusion zone, and in heat affected zone. FFD and response surface methodology (RSM) were applied to evaluate and optimize the effects of laser process parameters on Vickers microhardness of laser hardened surface. The results show that, the hardness of as-received commercially pure titanium is approximately 153[Formula: see text]VHN and the hardness after laser transformation hardened bead geometrical surface is in the range of 200–240[Formula: see text]VHN. The hardness can be increased with the increase in the scanning speed and decrease in the optimum value of laser power i.e. heat input applied. It has been found that the quadratic model is best fitted for prediction of the Vickers microhardness of laser hardened surface. These findings are significant in modern development of hard surface coatings for corrosion and wear resistant applications. Application of experimental results will be considered in the aerospace, marine, chemical, medicine, automobile and the engineering industries.

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Surface hardening of commercially pure titanium by laser nitriding: Response surface analysis

Advances in Engineering Software ◽

10.1016/j.advengsoft.2009.10.010 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 41 (4) ◽

pp. 674-679 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

A.R. Hamad ◽

J.H. Abboud ◽

F.M. Shuaeib ◽

K.Y. Benyounis

Keyword(s):

Response Surface ◽

Surface Analysis ◽

Surface Hardening ◽

Pure Titanium ◽

Response Surface Analysis ◽

Commercially Pure Titanium ◽

Laser Nitriding ◽

Commercially Pure

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Underwater Laser Turning of Commercially-Pure Titanium

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.861.23 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 861 ◽

pp. 23-27

Author(s):

Wisan Charee ◽

Viboon Tangwarodomnukun

Keyword(s):

Surface Roughness ◽

Laser Ablation ◽

Laser Power ◽

Pure Titanium ◽

Ambient Air ◽

Machining Process ◽

Commercially Pure Titanium ◽

Turning Process ◽

Commercially Pure ◽

Underwater Laser

Underwater laser machining process is a material removal technique that can minimize thermal damage and offer a higher machining rate than the laser ablation in ambient air. This study applied the underwater method associated with a nanosecond pulse laser for turning a commercially pure titanium rod. The effects of laser power, surface speed and number of laser passes on machined depth and surface roughness were investigated in this work. The results revealed that a deeper cut depth and smoother machined surface than those obtained from the laser ablation in ambient air were achievable when the underwater laser turning process was applied. The machined depth and surface roughness were found to significantly increase with the laser power and number of laser passes. The findings of this study can disclose the insight as well as potential of the underwater laser turning process for titanium and other similar metals.

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Study on selective laser melting of commercially pure titanium powder

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part B Journal of Engineering Manufacture ◽

10.1177/0954405418798862 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 233 (7) ◽

pp. 1794-1807 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Kurian Antony ◽

T Reghunathan Rakeshnath

Keyword(s):

Energy Density ◽

Laser Power ◽

Titanium Powder ◽

Laser Energy ◽

Pure Titanium ◽

Commercially Pure Titanium ◽

Laser Track ◽

Laser Melting ◽

Commercially Pure ◽

Powder Particles

Laser additive manufacturing processes melt the powder particles using laser beam energy to form solid three-dimensional objects. This article mainly focuses on numerical analysis and experimentation of laser melting of commercially pure titanium powder. Numerical solutions to moving heat source problems were developed, and their influences on process parameters were validated. The energy density has a significant role in laser melting process. The numerical investigation demonstrates the significant effect of laser energy density on laser tracks. The laser power, distribution of powder particles, the absorptivity, density, and chemical constitution of powder materials are the main factors which influence the laser energy penetration. The absorptivity plays a vital role in consolidation phenomena of the powder layer which helps to get a denser part or layer. The experimental result clearly indicates that at lower laser speed the powder compaction is better. Temperature distribution, depth, and width of laser track were compared in this article. By investigating the observations from optical microscopic images and scanning electron microscopic images, the surface characteristics of laser-melted tracks were studied. The study on numerical and experimental results shows that the optimum condition for better laser track is laser power 45 W, laser speed 20 mm/s, and laser diameter 2.5 mm. This study provides important insights into laser parameters in the melting of commercially pure titanium powder.

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