A problem of Zagier on quadratic polynomials and continued fractions

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (01) ◽  
pp. 121-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Jameson
Keyword(s):  
Continued Fractions ◽  
Continued Fraction ◽  
Constant Function ◽  
Continued Fraction Expansion ◽  
Quadratic Polynomials

For non-square [Formula: see text] (mod 4), Don Zagier defined a function [Formula: see text] by summing over certain integral quadratic polynomials. He proved that [Formula: see text] is a constant function depending on [Formula: see text]. For rational [Formula: see text], it turns out that this sum has finitely many terms. Here we address the infinitude of the number of quadratic polynomials for non-rational [Formula: see text], and more importantly address some problems posed by Zagier related to characterizing the polynomials which arise in terms of the continued fraction expansion of [Formula: see text]. In addition, we study the indivisibility of the constant functions [Formula: see text] as [Formula: see text] varies.

Class Numbers of Real Quadratic Fields, Continued Fractions, Reduced Ideals, Prime-Producing Quadratic Polynomials and Quadratic Residue Covers

1992 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 824-842 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Louboutin ◽  
R. A. Mollin ◽  
H. C. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Continued Fractions ◽  
Continued Fraction ◽  
Quadratic Residue ◽  
Quadratic Fields ◽  
Class Numbers ◽  
Continued Fraction Expansion ◽  
Quadratic Polynomials ◽  
Real Quadratic Fields ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Real Quadratic

AbstractIn this paper we consider the relationship between real quadratic fields, their class numbers and the continued fraction expansion of related ideals, as well as the prime-producing capacity of certain canonical quadratic polynomials. This continues and extends work in [10]–[31] and is related to work in [3]–[4].

scholarly journals On Khintchine exponents and Lyapunov exponents of continued fractions

2009 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
AI-HUA FAN ◽  
LING-MIN LIAO ◽  
BAO-WEI WANG ◽  
JUN WU
Keyword(s):  
Hausdorff Dimension ◽  
Lyapunov Exponents ◽  
Continued Fractions ◽  
Multifractal Analysis ◽  
Continued Fraction ◽  
Constant Function ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Lyapunov Spectrum ◽  
Continued Fraction Expansion

AbstractAssume that x∈[0,1) admits its continued fraction expansion x=[a1(x),a2(x),…]. The Khintchine exponent γ(x) of x is defined by $\gamma (x):=\lim _{n\to \infty }({1}/{n}) \sum _{j=1}^n \log a_j(x)$ when the limit exists. The Khintchine spectrum dim Eξ is studied in detail, where Eξ:={x∈[0,1):γ(x)=ξ}(ξ≥0) and dim denotes the Hausdorff dimension. In particular, we prove the remarkable fact that the Khintchine spectrum dim Eξ, as a function of $\xi \in [0, +\infty )$, is neither concave nor convex. This is a new phenomenon from the usual point of view of multifractal analysis. Fast Khintchine exponents defined by $\gamma ^{\varphi }(x):=\lim _{n\to \infty }({1}/({\varphi (n)}))\sum _{j=1}^n \log a_j(x)$ are also studied, where φ(n) tends to infinity faster than n does. Under some regular conditions on φ, it is proved that the fast Khintchine spectrum dim ({x∈[0,1]:γφ(x)=ξ}) is a constant function. Our method also works for other spectra such as the Lyapunov spectrum and the fast Lyapunov spectrum.

scholarly journals Continued Fractions Related to $(t,q)$-Tangents and Variants

10.37236/2014 ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Helmut Prodinger
Keyword(s):  
Continued Fractions ◽  
Continued Fraction ◽  
General Version ◽  
Continued Fraction Expansion ◽  
Special Cases ◽  
Tangent Function

For the $q$-tangent function introduced by Foata and Han (this volume) we provide the continued fraction expansion, by creative guessing and a routine verification. Then an even more recent $q$-tangent function due to Cieslinski is also expanded. Lastly, a general version is considered that contains both versions as special cases.

scholarly journals Renewal-type limit theorem for continued fractions with even partial quotients

2009 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 1451-1478 ◽  
Author(s):  
FRANCESCO CELLAROSI
Keyword(s):  
Limit Theorem ◽  
Continued Fractions ◽  
Continued Fraction ◽  
Type Theorem ◽  
Natural Extension ◽  
Gauss Map ◽  
Continued Fraction Expansion ◽  
Special Flow ◽  
Partial Quotients ◽  
Continued Fraction Expansions

AbstractWe prove the existence of the limiting distribution for the sequence of denominators generated by continued fraction expansions with even partial quotients, which were introduced by Schweiger [Continued fractions with odd and even partial quotients. Arbeitsberichte Math. Institut Universtät Salzburg4 (1982), 59–70; On the approximation by continues fractions with odd and even partial quotients. Arbeitsberichte Math. Institut Universtät Salzburg1–2 (1984), 105–114] and studied also by Kraaikamp and Lopes [The theta group and the continued fraction expansion with even partial quotients. Geom. Dedicata59(3) (1996), 293–333]. Our main result is proven following the strategy used by Sinai and Ulcigrai [Renewal-type limit theorem for the Gauss map and continued fractions. Ergod. Th. & Dynam. Sys.28 (2008), 643–655] in their proof of a similar renewal-type theorem for Euclidean continued fraction expansions and the Gauss map. The main steps in our proof are the construction of a natural extension of a Gauss-like map and the proof of mixing of a related special flow.

scholarly journals Continued fractions, the Chen–Stein method and extreme value theory

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 461-470
Author(s):  
ANISH GHOSH ◽  
MAXIM SØLUND KIRSEBOM ◽  
PARTHANIL ROY
Keyword(s):  
Rate Of Convergence ◽  
Extreme Value Theory ◽  
Upper Bound ◽  
Continued Fractions ◽  
Continued Fraction ◽  
Value Theory ◽  
Extreme Value ◽  
Real Analysis ◽  
Continued Fraction Expansion ◽  
Stein Method

In this work we deal with extreme value theory in the context of continued fractions using techniques from probability theory, ergodic theory and real analysis. We give an upper bound for the rate of convergence in the Doeblin–Iosifescu asymptotics for the exceedances of digits obtained from the regular continued fraction expansion of a number chosen randomly from $(0,1)$ according to the Gauss measure. As a consequence, we significantly improve the best known upper bound on the rate of convergence of the maxima in this case. We observe that the asymptotics of order statistics and the extremal point process can also be investigated using our methods.

scholarly journals Maximizing Bernoulli measures and dimension gaps for countable branched systems

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
SIMON BAKER ◽  
NATALIA JURGA
Keyword(s):  
Probability Measure ◽  
Continued Fractions ◽  
Continued Fraction ◽  
Random Variables ◽  
General Setting ◽  
Continued Fraction Expansion ◽  
Bernoulli Measures ◽  
Independent And Identically Distributed

Kifer, Peres, and Weiss proved in [A dimension gap for continued fractions with independent digits. Israel J. Math.124 (2001), 61–76] that there exists $c_{0}>0$ , such that $\dim \unicode[STIX]{x1D707}\leq 1-c_{0}$ for any probability measure $\unicode[STIX]{x1D707}$ , which makes the digits of the continued fraction expansion independent and identically distributed random variables. In this paper we prove that amongst this class of measures, there exists one whose dimension is maximal. Our results also apply in the more general setting of countable branched systems.

scholarly journals On Absolutely Normal and Continued Fraction Normal Numbers

2018 ◽  
Vol 2019 (19) ◽  
pp. 6136-6161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Verónica Becher ◽  
Sergio A Yuhjtman
Keyword(s):  
Real Number ◽  
Continued Fractions ◽  
Continued Fraction ◽  
Main Difficulty ◽  
Normal Numbers ◽  
Continued Fraction Expansion ◽  
Mathematical Operations ◽  
Construction Works

Abstract We give a construction of a real number that is normal to all integer bases and continued fraction normal. The computation of the first n digits of its continued fraction expansion performs in the order of n4 mathematical operations. The construction works by defining successive refinements of appropriate subintervals to achieve, in the limit, simple normality to all integer bases and continued fraction normality. The main difficulty is to control the length of these subintervals. To achieve this we adapt and combine known metric theorems on continued fractions and on expansions in integers bases.

scholarly journals Diophantine approximation by continued fractions

1991 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 324-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingcheng Tong
Keyword(s):  
Diophantine Approximation ◽  
Continued Fractions ◽  
Continued Fraction ◽  
Irrational Number ◽  
Continued Fraction Expansion ◽  
Image Position

AbstractLet ξ be an irrational number with simple continued fraction expansion be its ith convergent. Let Mi = [ai+1,…, a1]+ [0; ai+2, ai+3,…]. In this paper we prove that Mn−1 < r and Mn R imply which generalizes a previous result of the author.

A DIMENSIONAL RESULT ON THE PRODUCT OF CONSECUTIVE PARTIAL QUOTIENTS IN CONTINUED FRACTIONS

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-29
Author(s):  
LINGLING HUANG ◽  
CHAO MA
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Hausdorff Dimension ◽  
Natural Number ◽  
Continued Fractions ◽  
Continued Fraction ◽  
Irrational Number ◽  
Continued Fraction Expansion ◽  
Nonnegative Number ◽  
Partial Quotients

Abstract This paper is concerned with the growth rate of the product of consecutive partial quotients relative to the denominator of the convergent for the continued fraction expansion of an irrational number. More precisely, given a natural number $m,$ we determine the Hausdorff dimension of the following set: $$ \begin{align*} E_m(\tau)=\bigg\{x\in [0,1): \limsup\limits_{n\rightarrow\infty}\frac{\log (a_n(x)a_{n+1}(x)\cdots a_{n+m}(x))}{\log q_n(x)}=\tau\bigg\}, \end{align*} $$ where $\tau $ is a nonnegative number. This extends the dimensional result of Dirichlet nonimprovable sets (when $m=1$ ) shown by Hussain, Kleinbock, Wadleigh and Wang.

scholarly journals Non-periodic continued fractions in hyperelliptic function fields

2001 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 331-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfred J. van der Poorten
Keyword(s):  
Exponential Growth ◽  
Continued Fractions ◽  
Continued Fraction ◽  
Function Fields ◽  
Square Root ◽  
90Th Birthday ◽  
Continued Fraction Expansion ◽  
Generic Polynomial ◽  
Partial Quotients ◽  
Hyperelliptic Function

Dedicated to George Szekeres on his 90th birthdayWe discuss the exponential growth in the height of the coefficients of the partial quotients of the continued fraction expansion of the square root of a generic polynomial.

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