FEASIBILITY AND PROBLEMS OF EARTHQUAKE DISASTER REDUCTION MEASURES BASED ON ACTIVE FAULT DATA

2011 ◽  
Vol 05 (01) ◽  
pp. 19-29
Author(s):  
TERUMOTO KIYOMINE ◽  
NAKABAYASHI ITSUKI
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Land Use Planning ◽  
Questionnaire Survey ◽  
Active Fault ◽  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Earthquake Risk ◽  
Disaster Reduction ◽  
Risk Reduction Measures

Active fault data have been more widely and closely investigated and extensive data have also been collected. However, there are only a few examples related to land use planning for disaster reduction measures based on active fault data. The purpose of this study is (1) to categorize the disaster reduction measures, and (2) to examine problems and important factors for promoting disaster reduction measures based on a questionnaire survey. The cases of the measures that are able to be distinguished included building restriction, nonconstruction restriction, and risk communication. The questionnaire survey was conducted with the residents of Yokosuka city. The results of analyses showed that disaster reduction measures based on active fault data tended to be approximately accepted. Other results indicated that as the public's understanding related to earthquake risk and risk mitigation measures increases, the awareness of risk reduction measures based on active fault data is promoted, and the objectives of disaster reduction measures would be realized.

Assessment of shallow landslide risk mitigation measures based on land use planning through probabilistic modelling

Landslides ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Pedro Galve ◽  
Andrea Cevasco ◽  
Pierluigi Brandolini ◽  
Mauro Soldati
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Planning ◽  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Shallow Landslide ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Landslide Risk ◽  
Probabilistic Modelling

Pipeline Risk Mitigation Study

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anand Pillay
Keyword(s):  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Hot Spots ◽  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Base Case ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Risk Reduction Measures ◽  
Level Of Risk

This paper presents a case study, which is currently being carried out on a high-pressure sub-sea gas export pipeline. The main objective of the case study is to determine if the risk mitigation measures that are already in place are sufficient considering the level of risk for different sections of the pipeline. The methodology utilizes a Geographical Information System and the COmputer Assisted Shipping Traffic (COAST) database to determine the level of risk caused by vessels traveling over the pipeline. The factors considered are damaged due to anchor drop and drag, vessel foundering and grounding over the pipeline. Live vessel tracks obtained from nearby radar stations are used to determine the annual traffic volume, size, type and speed of vessels as well as vessel headings. This information is then fed into the COAST database and presented graphically. The pipeline is then divided into equal area cells and the probability of anchor dropping and dragging and vessel foundering and grounding are calculated based on the type, size and speed of the vessels identified to have passed over the pipeline. The results of the frequency of occurrences and fatalities are presented and then evaluated against the set As Low As Reasonable Practicable (ALARP) level. The “hot spots” of the pipeline are identified and a base case study is carried out for the risk reduction measures that are in place (if any) for each of the “hot spots” identified. Alternative risk reduction measures are considered and a cost benefit analysis is carried out to determine the most feasible option. The risk levels are then recalculated with the risk reduction measures in place to see if this has reduced the risk to ALARP. The COAST database is thought to be very useful as it can be updated to reflect the current navigational practices of vessels and hence, it would be easy to update analyses as and when required.

Pipeline Risk Assessment Using Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP)

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sirous F. Yasseri ◽  
R. B. Mahani
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Analytic Hierarchy Process ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Analytic Hierarchy ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Risk Reduction Measure ◽  
Risk Reduction Measures ◽  
Hierarchy Process

Deciding on the effectiveness of risk reduction measures is a common problem that involves tradeoffs among multiple different and generally qualitative criteria. Often risk mitigation measures implemented for pipeline risk reduction cannot be easily quantified, but it can be ranked. Hence, there is a need to identify which risk reduction measure is the most effective amongst the competing options. This paper uses Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) approach to select optimal solutions that best satisfies all of the decision maker’s requirements. This paper presents the development of an AHP model and the derivation of a quality index. The model is used for a hypothetical case study of various remediation works to an existing pipeline. The advantages of using such a technique are also discussed. This proposed model of risk assessment is useful for risk management during the planning and building stages of a new pipeline, as well as for modification and changes of use for an existing pipeline.

Enhancing earthquake resilience of communities: an action by women’s groups in Nepal

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nisha Shrestha ◽  
Surya Narayan Shrestha ◽  
Bhubaneswari Parajuli ◽  
Amod Mani Dixit ◽  
Bijay Krishna Upadhyay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Disaster Preparedness ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Earthquake Risk ◽  
Leadership Roles ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Local Risk ◽  
Risk Reduction Measures ◽  
Earthquake Resilience

Purpose Nepal is exposed to frequent earthquakes. There is a felt need for promoting disaster risk reduction action at community level, promoting existing community cohesion for use in disaster preparedness and replication of positive experiences. Involvement of women has been identified as one of the effective ways to motivate and mobilize communities to reduce disaster risks and enhance disaster preparedness. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach Frontline program was implemented in the four communities of Chandragiri municipality during 2015 with support from GNDR. Preparing the local risk profile and the action plans to reduce those identified risk was the main approach of the Frontline program. Findings During the Frontline survey, the community identified earthquake as the top threat in the community and non-structural mitigation as one of the priority actions. The members of the women network started advocating for earthquake safe communities and implementing the risk reduction measures. This action has developed understanding of the process, scientifically and systematically, and boosted their confidence with important new technical skills and new leadership roles in their community to mitigate the earthquake risk. Originality/value This case study records the experience of the women’s group in Nepal using their NSM learning in their own houses to reduce vulnerability. They started vulnerability reduction with their own kitchens and bedrooms by fastening their cupboards, frames, freezes, gas cylinders, etc. This led to implementing the mitigation measures in their locality and outside their community. This has been a step toward achieving a safer community through safer houses and schools.

scholarly journals Land use/land cover change detection through temporal imageries and its implications in water induced disaster in Triyuga watershed, east Nepal

2016 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 49-54
Author(s):  
Rabindra Choudhary ◽  
Dinesh Pathak
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Cover ◽  
Land Use Planning ◽  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Meteorological Factor ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Disaster Loss ◽  
Structural Risk ◽  
The Relationship

Land use and land cover is an important component in understanding the interactions of the human activities with the environment. Land use planning are widely recognized as key non-structural risk mitigation measures. In the present study, decadal land use changes in the Triyuga watershed has been assessed for the period between 1980 and 2015. Satellite images of Landsat (ETM, TM and OLI) have been used to prepare land use maps for respective period. The relationship between disaster loss, land use and meteorological factor (rainfall) has been evaluated. Significant correlation between the parameters has been obtained.

scholarly journals The 1755 earthquake in the Algarve (South of Portugal): what would happen nowadays?

2008 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 59-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Tedim Pedrosa ◽  
J. Gonçalves
Keyword(s):  
Land Use Planning ◽  
Disaster Preparedness ◽  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Seismic Intensity ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
The North ◽  
Lisbon Earthquake ◽  
Moroccan Coast ◽  
Flooded Area ◽  
The One

Abstract. The 1755 Lisbon earthquake, which reached a magnitude of 8.5, remains the most powerful and destructive to hit Europe so far. Within minutes, many lives were lost, populations displaced, livelihoods, homes and infrastructures were destroyed. Although frequently associated to the city of Lisbon, one of the most important European cities at the time, this earthquake caused similar damage and casualties, if not greater, in the southwest of the Algarve, where the seismic intensity was estimated at IX-X Mercalli Intensity Scale. Some time later a tsunami increased the number of victims and the amount of damage. In some locations the tsunami caused greater destruction than the earthquake itself. The tsunami hit both coasts of the North Atlantic; however, the more destructive damage occurred in the Portuguese coast, south from Lisbon, in the Gulf of Cadiz and in the Moroccan coast. The downtown of Lisbon was flooded by waves that reached a height of 6 m. The water flooded an area with an extension of around 250 m from the coast. In the Southwest part of Algarve the waves reached a height between 10 and 15 m and the flooded area was much larger. Through the analysis of recent research works on the assessment of the 1755 tsunami parameters and the interpretation of the more reliable historical documents, it is our intention to analyse the destructive power of the tsunami in the Algarve and delimit the flooded area. Using simple techniques of simulation it is our intention to assess the impacts nowadays of the occurrence of a tsunami similar to the one that hit the Algarve in 1755, which would probably affect a greater number of people, buildings and infrastructures. This assessment is an important instrument not only in terms of disaster preparedness but also for the integration of risk mitigation measures in land use planning.

QUESTIONNAIRE SURVEY FOR LAND USE PLANNING SUPPORT TOOLS USING GIS

2007 ◽  
Vol 13 (26) ◽  
pp. 795-800
Author(s):  
Hiroki NAGASAKI ◽  
Kojiro WATANABE ◽  
Akio KONDO
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Planning ◽  
Questionnaire Survey ◽  
Planning Support ◽  
Support Tools

scholarly journals Potential of semi-structural and non-structural adaptation strategies to reduce future flood risk: case study for the Meuse

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 3455-3471 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. K. Poussin ◽  
P. Bubeck ◽  
J. C. J. H. Aerts ◽  
P. J. Ward
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Flood Risk ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Reduction Capacity ◽  
Flood Prone Areas

Abstract. Flood risk throughout Europe has increased in the last few decades, and is projected to increase further owing to continued development in flood-prone areas and climate change. In recent years, studies have shown that adequate undertaking of semi-structural and non-structural measures can considerably decrease the costs of floods for households. However, there is little insight into how such measures can decrease the risk beyond the local level, now and in the future. To gain such insights, a modelling framework using the Damagescanner model with land-use and inundation maps for 2000 and 2030 was developed and applied to the Meuse river basin, in the region of Limburg, in the southeast of the Netherlands. The research suggests that annual flood risk may increase by up to 185% by 2030 compared with 2000, as a result of combined land-use and climate changes. The independent contributions of climate change and land-use change to the simulated increase are 108% and 37%, respectively. The risk-reduction capacity of the implementation of spatial zoning measures, which are meant to limit and regulate developments in flood-prone areas, is between 25% and 45%. Mitigation factors applied to assess the potential impact of three mitigation strategies (dry-proofing, wet-proofing, and the combination of dry- and wet-proofing) in residential areas show that these strategies have a risk-reduction capacity of between 21% and 40%, depending on their rate of implementation. Combining spatial zoning and mitigation measures could reduce the total increase in risk by up to 60%. Policy implications of these results are discussed. They focus on the undertaking of effective mitigation measures, and possible ways to increase their implementation by households.

The Effects of the Relaxation of Planning Controls in Enterprise Zones on Industrial Pollution

1989 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 1157-1167 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Wood ◽  
P Hooper
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Planning ◽  
Questionnaire Survey ◽  
Industrial Pollution ◽  
Local Authorities ◽  
Enterprise Zones ◽  
Industrial Areas ◽  
Depth Study ◽  
The Many

Pollution problems in UK enterprise zones were predicted because of the relaxation of land-use planning powers which are frequently used to anticipate and prevent pollution. A questionnaire survey and in-depth study of four zones revealed that, in the event, pollution problems have been below the average for similar industrial areas. The pollution which has arisen in enterprise zones has been associated mostly with developments not requiring planning permission rather than with the many firms that still require such permission. Landlord powers, controls over the nature of developments, the location of enterprise zones, prior negotiations, and residual planning and other controls have all been used to replace statutory planning powers. However, these alternative controls are much less likely to prove effective in simplified planning zones where local authorities may succeed mainly in attracting potentially polluting development.

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