Reversible phase transformation-type layer shape electrolyte based on POM and quaternary ammonium salt

2014 ◽  
Vol 07 (02) ◽  
pp. 1450019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuefei Wu ◽  
Yunyan Li ◽  
Qingyin Wu ◽  
Hong Ding ◽  
Wenfu Yan
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Salt ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium Salt ◽  
Water Solution ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Inorganic Layer ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Type Layer ◽  
Transformation Type ◽  
Reversible Phase

A novel kind of organic–inorganic layer shape material, polyoxymetalates (POM)-type ionic liquid (IL) with Keggin structure and simple quaternary ammonium salt, (TOAMe)4PW11VO40 (trioctylmethylammonium = TOAMe,…) is synthesized and characterized by IR, UV, X-ray diffraction (XRD), TG–DTA. Its electrochemical property was investigated by cyclic voltammgram. Research results released the vanadium and the POM structure in the compound can process reduction in DMSO, which is unlikely in water solution as a simple hydrated ion because water will protonize substrate.

The two solid-state conformations of nefopam methiodide, a quaternary ammonium salt of the analgesic drug

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (7) ◽  
pp. 1128-1134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Glaser ◽  
André Michel ◽  
Marc Drouin
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Ammonium Salt ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium Salt ◽  
State Structure ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Analgesic Drug ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Positional Disorder ◽  
X Ray Crystallography

The solid-state structure of nefopam methiodide, a quaternary ammonium salt of nefopam hydrochloride (a non-narcotic analgesic drug), has been determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Nefopam methiodide gives crystals belonging to the monoclinic P21/c space group and, at 298 K, a = 10.001(1), b = 9.928(1), c = 17.598(1) Å, β = 94.41(1)°, V = 1742.2(2) Å3, Z = 4, R(F) = 0.086, and Rw(F) = 0.108. Due to disorder, the boat (flattened chair) and twist-chair (flattened chair) conformations of the 2,5-benzoxazocine eight-membered ring were both observed in the crystal with 55:45 occupancy, respectively. Positional disorder was also observed for the iodide counterion, which showed occupancies of 81:9.5:9.5. Keywords: nefopam, analgesic, X-ray crystallography, conformation.

Organophilization of Four Differents Bentonitic Clays with a Quaternary Ammonium Salt

2005 ◽  
Vol 498-499 ◽  
pp. 67-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela de Lourdes A.C.S. Andrade ◽  
Wildemberg A. Freire ◽  
Sueila S. Araújo ◽  
Lucianna G.F. Vieira ◽  
Ana Cristina Figueiredo de Melo Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymer Nanocomposites ◽  
Ammonium Salt ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium Salt ◽  
Drilling Fluids ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Dimethyl Benzyl ◽  
Dimethyl Benzyl Ammonium ◽  
Petroleum Drilling

Organophilic Bentonities clays are widely used for industrial purposes, as components of petroleum drilling fluids as well as in cosmetics, lubricants adhesives and paints. Most recent they have been used as fillers in polymer nanocomposites. In this work, three organophilic bentonitic clays from the distric of Boa Vista and one from Campina Grande, PB, Brazil, were synthesized and characterized. The four clays were treated with a quaternary chloride ammonium salt- dimethyl benzyl ammonium alkyl chloride (Dodigen 1611) provided by Chemco. The cation exchange and swelling capacities of the modified clays were determined and the clays were characterized by FTIR, Thermal Analysis (DTA, TGA) and X-ray diffraction. The results showed the modification of all four clays by the quaternary ammonium salt to be successful.

Identification of Phenothiazine Derivatives and Analogs by X-Ray Diffraction. II. Active Substances in Pharmaceutical Formulations

1971 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 633-639
Author(s):  
A De Leenheer ◽  
A Heyndrickx
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Salt ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium Salt ◽  
Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Phenothiazine Derivatives ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Diffraction Patterns ◽  
Related Compounds ◽  
Active Substances

Abstract Procedures have been developed for the isolation of phenothiazines and chemically related compounds from pharmaceutical formulations, namely, injections, solutions, tablets, coated tablets, creams, sirups, lotions, and suppositories. In general, active substances are crystallized as picrates. A few compounds, however, gave better crystalline derivatives as free bases (levomepromazine and propericiazine), quaternary ammonium salt (thiazinamium), or chlorhydrate salts (amitriptyline and nortriptyline). The crystalline derivatives prepared were specifically identified by comparison of their Debye-Scherrer X-ray diffraction patterns with those for reference compounds obtained under the same conditions.

Influence of Clay Incorporation on the Physical Properties of Polyethylene/Brazilian Clay Nanocomposites

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 1937-1941
Author(s):  
R. Barbosa ◽  
E. M. Araújo ◽  
T. J. A. Melo ◽  
E. N. Ito ◽  
E. Hage
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Ammonium Salt ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium Salt ◽  
Dispersion Analysis ◽  
Clay Nanocomposites ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Clay Particles ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
The Matrix

High density polyethylene/Brazilian clay nanocomposites were prepared by the melt intercalation technique. A montmorillonite sample from Boa Vista/PB, Northeast of Brazil, was organically modified with esthearildimethylammonium chloride (Praepagen WB) quaternary ammonium salt. The unmodified and modified clays with the quaternary ammonium salt were introduced in 1, 2, 3 and 5 wt% in a PE polymer matrix. The dispersion analysis and the interlayer distance of the clay particles were obtained by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The mechanical properties of tensile and the flammability of the nanocomposites were studied. In general, the mechanical properties of the systems presented superior values compared to the matrix. The systems showed a reduction on the burning rate, indicating that the flammability resistance of nanocomposites was improved.

scholarly journals Surface Adsorption Properties and Layer Structures of Homogeneous Polyoxyethylene-Type Nonionic Surfactants in Quaternary-Ammonium-Salt-Type Amphiphilic Gemini Ionic Liquids with Oxygen- or Nitrogen-Containing Spacers

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (21) ◽  
pp. 4881
Author(s):  
Risa Kawai ◽  
Maiko Niki ◽  
Shiho Yada ◽  
Tomokazu Yoshimura
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Ammonium Salt ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium Salt ◽  
Nonionic Surfactants ◽  
Alkyl Chain ◽  
Surface Adsorption ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Layer Structures

The amphiphilic ionic liquids containing an alkyl chain in molecules form nano-structure in the bulk, although they also show surface activity and form aggregates in aqueous solutions. Although insights into the layer structures of ionic liquids were obtained using X-ray and neutron scattering techniques, the nanostructures of ionic liquids remain unclear. Herein, the surface adsorption and bulk properties of homogeneous polyoxyethylene (EO)-type nonionic surfactants (CxEO6; x = 8, 12, or 16) were elucidated in quaternary-ammonium-salt-type amphiphilic gemini ionic liquids with oxygen or nitrogen-containing spacers [2Cn(Spacer) NTf2; (Spacer) = (2-O-2), (2-O-2-O-2), (2-N-2), (2/2-N-2), (3), (5), or (6); n = 10, 12, or 14 for (2-O-2) and n = 12 for all other spacers] by surface tension, small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering, cryogenic transmission electron microscopy, and viscosity measurements. The surface tension of C12EO6 in 2Cn(Spacer) NTf2 with oxygen-containing spacers increased with increasing concentration of C12EO6, becoming close to that of C12EO6 alone, indicating that the amphiphilic ionic liquid adsorbed at the interface was replaced with CxEO6. In contrast, both 2Cn(Spacer) NTf2 with nitrogen-containing spacers and nonionic surfactants remained adsorbed at the interface at high concentrations. In the bulk, it was found that 2Cn(Spacer) NTf2 formed layer structures, in which the spacing depended on the alkyl chain length of CxEO6. These insights are expected to advance the practical applications of amphiphilic ionic liquids such as ion permeation, drug solubilization, and energy delivery systems.

XRD Study of Hydrophlogopite Intercalated with Alkyl Quaternary Ammonium Salt

2010 ◽  
Vol 178 ◽  
pp. 330-335
Author(s):  
Hong Juan Sun ◽  
Tong Jiang Peng ◽  
Hai Feng Liu ◽  
Jin Mei Sun
Keyword(s):  
Chain Length ◽  
Ammonium Salt ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium Salt ◽  
Interlayer Spacing ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium Salts ◽  
Ammonium Salts ◽  
Ammonium Bromide ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Xrd Study

Hydrophlogopite was modified with sodium and then organically intercalated with a series of alkyl quaternary ammonium salts. The organically intercalated samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) and the effect of alkyl quaternary ammonium salt on the interlayer spacing of hydrophlogopite was discussed. The results showed that if the same alkyl quaternary ammonium salt was used to intercalate hydrophlogopite, the interlayer spacing of hydrophlogopite increased gradually with the rise of the added amount of quaternary ammonium salt, and that if different quaternary ammonium salts with the same amount were used, the interlayer spacing increased gradually with the rise of the chain length of the alkyl quaternary ammonium salts. For the alkyl quaternary ammonium salts with large chain length (n>10), the inflection point for the increasing interlayer spacing of the intercalated hydrophlogopite is at about 0.5 times of CEC. When octadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide is used as intercalation agent and the added amount is 5 times of CEC, the interlayer spacing of hydrophlogopite is relatively maximal.

Evaluation of the Behavior of Brazilian Bentonite Clays with Different Quantity of Quaternary Ammonium Salt

2010 ◽  
Vol 660-661 ◽  
pp. 765-770 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renata Barbosa ◽  
Dayanne Diniz Souza ◽  
Edcleide Maria Araújo ◽  
Karine Castro Nóbrega ◽  
Tomás Jefférson Alves de Mélo
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Salt ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium Salt ◽  
Bentonite Clay ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Cationic Exchange ◽  
Bentonite Clays ◽  
Clay Layers

Paraíba is the main natural bentonite producing state of Brazil. Besides the advantage of abundance of bentonite clays, its transformation in organoclay is a simple method and there is only little study about the commercialization of Brazilian organoclays. In this work, Brazilian bentonite clay was organophilized with different quantity of a quaternary ammonium salt, such as 100, 125 and 150 wt.% in relation to Cationic Exchange Capacity (CEC) of the clay. The clays were characterized by X-ray Fluorescence (XRF), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Thermogravimetry (TG) and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR). It was observed that with increasing amount of salt the degree of dispersion of the clay increased, leading in some cases to the delamination of the clay layers and its loss of thermal stability.

Study of Polyamide66/Bentonite Clay Hybrid Membranes Obtained by Solution

2012 ◽  
Vol 727-728 ◽  
pp. 1802-1806 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keila Machado Medeiros ◽  
Sara Verusca de Oliveira ◽  
Elaine Patrícia Araújo ◽  
Edcleide Maria Araújo ◽  
Hélio Lucena Lira
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Ammonium Salt ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium Salt ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Bentonite Clay ◽  
Decomposition Temperature ◽  
Hybrid Membranes ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray Diffraction

The development of nanocomposites polymer matrix with clay from Brazil has been naturally abundant and low cost alternative. In this study, we obtained nanocomposites polyamide66 (PA66) with 1% and 5% of bentonite clay from Brazil, to be used as microporous organic/inorganic hybrid membranes. The clay was treated with a quaternary ammonium salt in order to make it organophilic. The membranes in the form of thin films were prepared using the technique of immersion-precipitation of solution from the nanocomposites. Treated clay and untreated clay were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Thermogravimetry (TG). The membranes were characterized by TG and XRD. The result of XRD showed the presence of quaternary ammonium salt in the structure of clay, after organophilization. For TG, we observed that the treated clay showed higher thermal stability when compared to untreated clay. For TG, we observed that in general the membranes of PA66 with treated clay, present decomposition temperature higher when compared with untreated clay, thus revealing a greater thermal stability of membranes PA66 with treated clay. Through the X-rays patterns, it was found that membranes with 1% of nanoclay present exfoliated structure and can therefore be applied as microporous membranes.

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