Economic Growth and Human Capital in the Post-Knowledge Era: A Focus on Positive Externalities and Spillover Effects of Knowledge in Italy and the Emergency of the Less Developed Areas

2016 ◽  
Vol 01 (03) ◽  
pp. 1650010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rita Lima
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Regional Growth ◽  
Innovation System ◽  
Spillover Effects ◽  
Income Convergence ◽  
Catching Up ◽  
Transfer Of Technology ◽  
Positive Externalities ◽  
The One

The growth of learning and knowledge of a nation has been quantified in different ways, including country’s absorptive capacity to store information, to internalize knowledge, to invest in innovation and to transfer of technology in its area. In the context of the post-knowledge era, this paper estimates a growth panel data model in exploring the role of R&D s and human capital in regional economic growth and income convergence. The aim is double. On the one hand, to analyze the Italian ability for catching-up with more advanced nations, such as Germany. On the other hand, to explain divergent levels of regional growth behavior, focusing on one of the less developed regions and reducing the effects of spatial contagion of knowledge networks and innovation system: Sicily. The results reveal a lower gap in human capital between Sicily and the whole of the country than that in terms of innovation.

scholarly journals Transforming Indigenous Knowledge and Innovation Systems for African Intellectual Decolonization and Renaissance

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel B. Babalola ◽  
Adesoji A. Oni
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Indigenous Knowledge ◽  
Public Interest ◽  
Knowledge Economy ◽  
Innovation System ◽  
Knowledge Systems ◽  
Access To Education ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Indigenous Knowledge Systems

The application of knowledge (measured in term of entrepreneurship and innovations, research and development, and software and product design) has become one of the spring boards of economic growth. The paper highlights six hindrances to renaissance explosion in knowledge in Africa with special emphasis on inefficiency in indigenous knowledge systems following colonialism. It further highlighted major challenges such as low capacity to invest in advanced human capital, low scientific and analytical capacity, low level of access to education, low digital capacity, low public interest in knowledge systems and low strategic aspiration facing Africa in developing efficient indigenous knowledge systems. The authors, drawing on existing literature and expert consultations, clearly identified and established major challenges being faced by African countries in leveraging on intellectual advances and suggest ways to transform the knowledge and innovation system in moving the continent towards the knowledge economy.

Religion, human capital and growth

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-50
Author(s):  
Giuseppina Autiero ◽  
Concetto Paolo Paulo Vinci
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Physical Capital ◽  
Religious Activities ◽  
Historical Evidence ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Government ◽  
The One ◽  
Progressive Force

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine how rulers by supporting religion influence the growth of human capital and physical capital. Design/methodology/approach – The authors consider a model where the government, on the one hand, sets the output quota transferred to religious activities and workers and entrepreneurs, on the other, choose human and physical capital, which are complementary. The findings of the model are used to interpret some historical evidence. Findings – When a religious denomination puts a strong emphasis on children’s education, the rulers who back religion, may encourage the diffusion of education among the followers of that denomination. Conversely secular rulers may face a religion that they consider a force opposing modernization and may develop a secular system promoting the diffusion of education. In both cases, the diffusion of education triggers the increase in physical capital and economic growth. Originality/value – The contribution of the paper is to show how religion may be either a progressive force and promote education by contributing to economic growth or present a conservative dimension opposing the diffusion and rise of human capital.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF HOTELS' TRAINING ON OVERNIGHTS, REGIONAL GROWTH AND EMPLOYMENT

2015 ◽  
pp. 213-222
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
Regional Growth ◽  
Human Capital Investment ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Potential Growth ◽  
Positive Externalities ◽  
Hotel Performance ◽  
The Impact

The role of human capital and, more specifically, the role of on the job training, has been widely analysed in the economic literature. Moreover, in the field of hospitality and tourism some studies focus on the relationship between training and hotel performance. This paper goes beyond this goal. It analyses the role of training on the hotel occupancy but, furthermore, it measures the impact of this human capital investment on the growth of a region, measured in terms of production, added value and employment. It combines both, microeconomic data from a database of two hundred hotels and the macro perspective of the Balearic Input-Output table, allowing measurement of the positive externalities that human capital investment in the hotel sector generates through the rest of the economy. Results show a positive and significant impact on potential growth and employment that goes beyond the strictly tourism-related sectors. In terms of policy recommendations, this work gives meaning to the promotion of public policies encouraging training practices at hotel level.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF HUMAN CAPITAL INDICATORS IN THE ENVIRONMENT OF THE ‎IRAQI ECONOMY FOR THE PERIOD (2004-2017)‎

2021 ◽  
Vol 03 (05) ◽  
pp. 266-280
Author(s):  
Sohaila Abdul-Zahra Zahra AL-HUJAIMI‎ ◽  
Nidal Shaker Jawdat AL-HASHEMI
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Training System ◽  
The Other ◽  
Quality Level ◽  
Community Life ◽  
Rapid Economic Growth ◽  
Job Opportunities ◽  
The One ◽  
And Training

The Process of rapid Economic growth provides the opportunity for countries the creation ‎of human capital capable of increasing productivity, improving job opportunities and ‎raising the quality level of community life, but the process of preparing it requires an ‎efficient and effective educational and training system on the one hand، and providing the ‎highest possible health level as a key to increasing production and raising productivity on ‎the other hand. This research has dealt with the analysis of human capital indicators for ‎the period (2004-2017) in Iraq.‎‏ ‏the study concluded that to these indicators of knowledge - ‎education - health -training- income, are the main pillars for achieving economic growth in ‎all areas of life during the study period. The study recommends giving attention to the ‎human capital and employing it in production process in a way that reduces societal ‎disparities and enhances, perhaps economic growth‎‎. Keywords: Human Capita, Knowledge, Education, Health, Economic Growth

Empirical Contribution of Human Capital in Entrepreneurship

2021 ◽  
pp. 097215092097670
Author(s):  
Noman Arshed ◽  
Ramla Rauf ◽  
Samra Bukhari
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Quadratic Function ◽  
Generalized Least Squares ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The One ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Empirical Contribution

The empirical effects of entrepreneurship on economic growth through different channels have convinced researchers to coin entrepreneurship as an important indicator. While many studies are exploring the determinants of entrepreneurship, education is the one which is most studied. Empirical studies have discussed that no doubt education leads to entrepreneurship, but different levels of education have different effects. This study isolated different types of education and formed quadratic function in the expectation that the type and incidence of education may change the intentions and environment for the prospective entrepreneur. The estimates of feasible generalized least squares (FGLS) model using 103 countries show that all three levels of education form U-shaped relationship with entrepreneurship in the overall model. This study helps identify the current positioning of countries, suggesting policies with respect to a particular type of education.

scholarly journals Foreign Direct Investment and Spillover Effects in Africa: An Empirical Review

2019 ◽  
pp. 13-24
Author(s):  
Richard Angelous Kotey
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Technology Transfer ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Spillover Effects ◽  
African Continent ◽  
Foreign Investments ◽  
Fdi Inflows ◽  
Transfer Of Technology ◽  
Transfer Channels

The purpose of this paper is to holistically present relevant empirical findings on FDI, economic growth and spillover effects in the African continent, focusing primarily on technology transfer. This review shows evidence to suggest the FDI coming into Africa is low compared to other continents, even though foreign investments have consistently yielded higher returns. The paper also presents stylized facts of FDI inflows and examines the strands in literature. Aunique graphical framework showing technology transfer channels is well elaborated. The study provides a sufficient empirical view of FDI and technology transfer in the African contextand suggests this transfer of technology could be the means of bridging the technology gap between developed and developing economies.

scholarly journals Skill Development in Pakistan ( The Presidential Address)

2005 ◽  
Vol 44 (4I) ◽  
pp. 349-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Kemal
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Human Resource Development ◽  
Human Resource ◽  
Growth Process ◽  
Presidential Address ◽  
Resource Development ◽  
Factor Productivity ◽  
Catching Up

Human resource development particularly improved skills impact rather significantly economic growth and the productivity levels. Whereas research on productivity following Abramovitz (1956) and Solow (1957), seminal articles on sources of growth, highlighted the importance of human resource development,1 the endogenous theory of economic growth has brought human capital at the centre stage of the growth process [Romer (1990, 1993)].2 While the contribution of productivity towards growth rate of GDP in Pakistan has been one-third, the increase in total factor productivity has more to do with catching up than the improvement in human resource development, major source of sustained growth [see Kemal, Din, and Qadir ( 2002)].

scholarly journals ЉУДСКИ КАПИТАЛ И ЕНДОГЕНИ РАЗВОЈ РЕГИОНА

TEME ◽  
2017 ◽  
pp. 073
Author(s):  
Слободан Цветановић ◽  
Војислав Илић ◽  
Данијела Деспотовић
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
National Level ◽  
Regional Economic Growth ◽  
Regional Economic ◽  
Highly Educated ◽  
Different Types ◽  
National Productivity ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact

The paper explores the nature of the impact of human capital on regional economic growth. The focus is on arriving at a reasonable answer to the question of whether the nature of the impact of human capital on regional economic growth is conceptually identical to the nature of its impact on economic growth at the national level. The conclusion is that the character of relationship between human capital and economic growth of countries, on the one hand, and growth of the region, as part of the national territory, on the other hand, is fundamentally different. Specifically, the existence of two completely different types of impact of human capital, impact on regional economic growth and impact on the economic growth of countries is noted. In particular, human capital affects regional economic growth through the increase of national productivity, mainly through the manifestation of various forms of externalities. Furthermore, the impact of human capital on regional economic growth through migration mechanism is noted, particularly due to the migration of highly educated workers. These two impacts do not always have the same direction, because the externality spillover mechanisms in a specific region and labour mobility are not per se of complementary character. In cases where these two impacts coincide, certain regions grow dynamically, while in the situations where they do not coincide, the regions may economically stagnate.

Testing the Governance-Productivity Nexus for Emerging Asian Countries

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-169
Author(s):  
Ghulam Mustafa ◽  
Muhammad Jamil
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
Spillover Effects ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Government Effectiveness ◽  
Tfp Growth ◽  
Regulatory Quality ◽  
Positive Effect

This paper presents panel data estimates of the relationship between governance, aggregate labor productivity (ALP) growth and total factor productivity (TFP) growth for 12 Asian economies between 1996 and 2013. Our results show that government effectiveness has a positive and significant effect on ALP in both levels and first differences. Regulatory quality has a positive impact on ALP only in first difference. Although both government effectiveness and regulatory quality have a positive effect on TFP growth in first difference, only political stability is significant and positive in the levels specification. Other findings indicate that physical capital and human capital have a positive effect on ALP growth. We also find evidence of positive spillover effects with respect to human capital. The positive association between governance, economic growth and productivity provide a better understanding of the role of governance in enhancing economic performance. Our findings have policy implications for ways to achieve good governance to enhance economic growth and productivity.

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