Investigation on the influences of exposure to winter haze (PM2.5) on 301 subjects’ respiratory tract

Objective: To observe the clinical symptoms after haze exposure and analyze the influences on the respiratory tract. Methods: We conduct prospective study by designing questionnaires about respiratory reaction after haze exposure. We distribute, and collect the questionnaires from 301 subjects, and use statistical software to analyze it. Result and Conclusion: (1) Exposure to haze can lead to a series of respiratory and systemic symptoms. The most common symptoms are cough, little sputum, sneezing and running nose, nasal cavity dryness, nasal congestion, dry throat, dry eyes, itchy eyes. (2) The manifestation frequency of most symptoms in population is positively correlated with the haze concentration. (3) Haze irritates the respiratory tract and causes haze-related cough and respiratory allergy symptoms.

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Difficult nasal breathing in the ENT-practice: how to help?

Russian otorhinolaryngology ◽

10.18692/1810-4800-2020-2-107-115 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 19 (2) ◽

pp. 107-115

Author(s):

S. V. Ryazantsev ◽

◽

S. S. Pavlova ◽

Keyword(s):

Nasal Cavity ◽

Nasal Obstruction ◽

Nasal Spray ◽

Clinical Symptoms ◽

Nasal Congestion ◽

Allergic Inflammation ◽

Allergic Diseases ◽

Vascular Wall ◽

Medical Documentation ◽

Nasal Breathing

The article discusses the most common causes of diseases that cause difficulty in nasal breathing. According to the analysis of medical documentation, diseases accompanied by nasal obstruction and rhinorrhea are the most common human diseases. The priority role in the development of the clinical symptoms of rhinitis is played by the release of inflammatory mediators – histamine and bradykinin. Histamine in rhinitis mediates a cascade of pathological reactions, as a result of which local vasodilation develops, accompanied by swelling of the mucous membranes; nasal congestion; increased permeability of the vascular wall; exudation of blood plasma; irritation of nerve endings; triggering reflex mechanisms by stimulating trigeminal histamine receptors. Peculiarities of the course of intermittent and persistent forms of allergic rhinitis, the pathogenesis of allergic inflammation are considered. To reliably eliminate abundant rhinorrhea, combined with nasal congestion, the authors recommend the use of a combined nasal spray, which contains phenylephrine and cetirizine (Phenylephrine + Cetirizine). Based on the analysis of literature data, the effectiveness and safety of the use of the topical form of cetirizine are substantiated. Aspects of the clinical use of the combination of phenylephrine and cetirizine in inflammatory and allergic diseases of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses, in the pathogenesis of which the key role is played by swelling of the mucous membrane of the nasal cavity, are examined. It is proved that the new combined nasal spray of domestic production is an effective and safe method for treating patients with manifestations of various forms of rhinitis and nasal obstruction.

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Changes in the parameters of nasal breathing and parameters of the upper respiratory tract during orthognathic operations in patients with II and III skeletal class of jaw anomalies

Стоматология для всех ◽

10.35556/idr-2020-4(93)22-27 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 22-27

Author(s):

S.Sh. Gammadaeva ◽

M.I. Misirkhanova ◽

A.Yu. Drobyshev

Keyword(s):

Respiratory Tract ◽

Nasal Cavity ◽

Nasal Septum ◽

Cross Sectional Area ◽

Upper Respiratory Tract ◽

Sectional Area ◽

Nasal Breathing ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Skeletal Class ◽

Upper Respiratory

The study analyzed the functional parameters of nasal breathing, linear parameters of the nasal aperture, nasal cavity and nasopharynx, volumetric parameters of the upper airways in patients with II and III skeletal class of jaw anomalies before and after orthognathic surgery. The respiratory function of the nose was assessed using a rhinomanometric complex. According to rhinoresistometry data, nasal resistance and hydraulic diameter were assessed. According to the data of acoustic rhinometry, the minimum cross-sectional area along the internal valve, the minimum cross-sectional area on the head of the inferior turbinate and nasal septum and related parameters were estimated. According to the CBCT data, the state of the nasal septum, the inferior turbinates, the nasal aperture, the state of the nasal cavity, and the linear values of the upper respiratory tract (nasopharynx) were analyzed. The patients were divided into 4 groups according to the classification of the patency of the nasal passages by

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Respiratory tract infections in children with allergic asthma on allergen immunotherapy during influenza season

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-81558-0 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Yuyun Li ◽

Dongming Wang ◽

Lili Zhi ◽

Yunmei Zhu ◽

Lan Qiao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Respiratory Tract ◽

Allergic Asthma ◽

Respiratory Tract Infections ◽

Allergen Immunotherapy ◽

Clinical Symptoms ◽

Influenza Season ◽

The Body ◽

History Of ◽

Tract Infections ◽

Stage 1

AbstractTo describle how respiratory tract infections (RTIs) that occurred in children with allergic asthma (AA) on allergen immunotherapy (AIT) during an influenza season. Data including clinical symptoms and treatment history of children (those with AA on AIT and their siblings under 14 years old), who suffered from RTIs during an influenza season (Dec 1st, 2019–Dec 31st, 2019), were collected (by face to face interview and medical records) and analyzed. Children on AIT were divided into 2 groups: stage 1 (dose increasing stage) and stage 2 (dose maintenance stage). Their siblings were enrolled as control. During the study period, 49 children with AA on AIT (33 patients in stage 1 and 16 patients in stage 2) as well as 49 children without AA ( their siblings ) were included. There were no significant differences in occurrences of RTIs among the three groups (p > 0.05). Compared with children in the other two groups, patients with RTIs in stage 2 had less duration of coughing and needed less medicine. Children on AIT with maintenance doses had fewer symptoms and recovered quickly when they were attacked by RTIs, which suggested that AIT with dose maintenance may enhance disease resistance of the body.

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CLINIC AND COMPLICATIONS OF COVID-19 CORONAVIRUS DISEASE WITH PATHOGENESIS ELEMENTS

International Medical Journal ◽

10.37436/2308-5274-2020-3-14 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 72-79

Author(s):

I. V. Аndrusovich

Keyword(s):

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽

Respiratory Tract ◽

Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽

Respiratory Distress ◽

Distress Syndrome ◽

Clinical Symptoms ◽

Clinical Course ◽

Clinical Manifestations ◽

Second Phase ◽

Upper Respiratory Tract

The longer the COVID−19 coronavirus pandemic lasts, the more information about its clinical manifestations is accumulated. The incubation period of COVID−19 ranges from 2 to 14 days, rarely up to 3 weeks, but in a significant number of cases an infection is not accompanied with the appearance of clinical symptoms. Currently, the following variants of the clinical course of COVID−19 can be identified as follows: viral load; subclinical; slight; uncomplicated with damage to only the upper respiratory tract; mild pneumonia, severe pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, etc. The clinical course of COVID−19 depends on the severity, the criteria of which are the intoxication manifestation, the degree of fever and the dominant syndrome. Mild / moderate forms are manifested by frequent increase in body temperature up to 38 ° C, respiratory symptoms, headache, myalgias, palpitations and general malaise. Patients stop distinguishing smells and feel the taste of food. Approximately from the 7th to the 9th days of the disease there are problems with breathing, which indicates the impairment of the lower respiratory tract and the beginning of the second phase of the disease, and its course is regarded as severe. Severe forms of the disease can also be manifested by impaired coordination of movements, slurred speech. In 1 to 4 % of patients there is developed the psychosis in the form of hallucinations. In the elderly, COVID−19 may be accompanied by delirium, lowering blood pressure. The risks of adverse disease are associated with somatic diseases: cardiovascular and nervous systems, respiratory tract, hormonal disorders, etc. Otitis, sinusitis, sepsis, bronchopulmonary infection, thrombosis, myocarditis etc. can be the complications of COVID−19. Computer tomography is an instrumental test that demonstrates the damage of lungs with coronavirus and allows to assess its severity. Key words: coronavirus infection, COVID−19, clinical variants, severity, pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome.

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Multiple causes for rhinolithiasis

Rhinology Journal ◽

10.4193/rhino13.153 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 52 (2) ◽

pp. 183-186

Author(s):

T. Send ◽

M. Jakob ◽

K.W.G. Eichhorn

Keyword(s):

Nasal Cavity ◽

Foreign Bodies ◽

Clinical Symptoms ◽

Pathological Findings ◽

Common Cause ◽

Clinical Pattern ◽

Ectopic Tooth ◽

Low Incidence ◽

Iatrogenic Origin ◽

Endotracheal Anesthesia

Background: Rhinoliths are rare affections of the main nasal cavity and the paranasal sinuses. Initially, as a result of their low incidence, they are often incorrectly classified as calcified tumors in clinical examination. Methodology: We have identified three cases in our patient population and evaluated the clinical symptoms as well as the pathological findings and the causes of the disease. Results: Due to their extension and the respective clinical pattern, all masses were surgically removed under endotracheal anesthesia. The histopathological findings comprised an ectopic tooth, a vegetable (most likely a leaf from the garden) as well as a textile foreign body (probably of iatrogenic origin). Conclusion: Undiscovered foreign bodies of the main nasal cavity are a common cause for the formation of rhinoliths. We have also displayed the respective incidence and the therapeutic options.

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Immunotherapy in Allergic Rhinitis: It’s Effect on the Immune System and Clinical Symptoms

Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences ◽

10.3889/oamjms.2018.264 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (7) ◽

pp. 1248-1252 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Samaneh Kouzegaran ◽

Mohammad Ali Zamani ◽

Reza Faridhosseini ◽

Houshang Rafatpanah ◽

Abdolrahim Rezaee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Allergic Rhinitis ◽

Clinical Symptoms ◽

Nasal Congestion ◽

Subcutaneous Immunotherapy ◽

Positive Skin Prick Test ◽

Tgf Beta ◽

Positive Skin ◽

Ifn Gamma ◽

Clinical Criteria ◽

Prick Test

BACKGROUND: Allergic rhinitis is one of the most common allergic diseases and characterised by sneezing, rhinorrhea, nasal congestion and nasopharyngeal itching. Subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) for specific allergens is an effective treatment and induces the inhibitory effect of T regulatory lymphocytes and decreases clinical symptoms in allergic rhinitis.AIM: In this study effect of subcutaneous immunotherapy with specific allergens on clinical symptoms and T regulatory and T Helper cells cytokines, in patients with allergic rhinitis are evaluated.METHODS: In this study, 30 patients with moderate to severe allergic rhinitis according to clinical criteria and positive skin prick test for aeroallergens were selected and treated by SCIT. Clinical symptoms and T cells cytokines IL4, IL17, IFN gamma, TGF beta, GITR, FOXP3 and IL-10 (by RT-PCR) were evaluated before and one year after initiation of treatment.RESULTS: Thirty (30) patients with allergic rhinitis at age range 15-45 years old were treated by SCIT, and 23 (14 female, 9 male) patients continued the study, and 7 patients did not continue treatment. After immunotherapy, clinical symptoms decreased significantly. The specific cytokines TGF beta and IL10 levels increased and changes were statistically significant. (Respectively P = 0.013 and P = 0.05) The IL17 level was also increased, but not statistically significant. (P = 0.8) IFN gamma, IL4, GITR, FOXP3, all decreased, but the changes were not statistically significant (P > 0.05).CONCLUSION: Subcutaneous Immunotherapy for specific allergens decreases clinical symptoms in patients with allergic rhinitis and induces tolerance in T lymphocytes, especially by increasing T regulatory cells cytokines, TGF beta and IL10.

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Photography and the flexible fibreoptic rhinolaryngoscope

The Journal of Laryngology & Otology ◽

10.1017/s0022215100098728 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 100 (1) ◽

pp. 41-46 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

J. M. Lancer

Keyword(s):

Respiratory Tract ◽

Nasal Cavity ◽

Upper Respiratory Tract ◽

Pathological Anatomy ◽

Medical Practitioners ◽

Upper Respiratory

SummaryDocumentation of normal and pathological anatomy is important to all medical practitioners. The ability to visualize and photograph the upper respiratory tract has been revolutionized by the advent of the flexible fibreoptic rhinolaryngoscope (FFRL), which demonstrates a one-instrument capability for the examination and photodocumentation of the ears, nasal cavity, nasopharynx, larynx, hypopharynx and trachea (Selkin, 1984). If a large natural maxillary ostium, or surgical window, is present, the antrum may also be examined.

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