Study of Atomization of a Water Jet by High-Intensity Aerial Ultrasonic Waves

2001 ◽  
Vol 40 (Part 1, No. 5B) ◽  
pp. 3792-3796 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youichi Ito
Keyword(s):  
High Intensity ◽  
Water Jet ◽  
Ultrasonic Waves

scholarly journals Inactivation of mesophilic bacteria in milk by means of high intensity ultrasound using response surface methodology

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 108-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Herceg ◽  
E. Juraga ◽  
B. Sobota-Šalamon ◽  
A. Režek-Jambrak
Keyword(s):  
High Intensity ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Bovine Milk ◽  
Ultrasonic Waves ◽  
Statistical Experimental Design ◽  
High Intensity Ultrasound ◽  
Ultrasonic Probe ◽  
Optimal Value ◽  
Higher Temperature

High-intensity ultrasound was used to investigate the inactivation of microorganisms in raw bovine milk. Raw bovine milk with 4% of milk fat was treated with ultrasonic probe that was 12 mm in diameter and with 20 kHz frequency immerged in milk directly. In the ultrasound treatment, three parameters were varied according to the statistical experimental design. The centre composite design was used to design and optimise the experimental parameters: temperature (20, 40, and 60°C), amplitude (120, 90, and 60 µm), and time (6, 9, and 12 min). All analyses were performed immediately after sonication and after 3 days and 5 days of storage under refrigeration at 4°C. The factors that seem to affect substantially the inactivation of microorganisms in using ultrasound are the amplitude of the ultrasonic waves, the exposure/contact time with the microorganisms, and the temperature of the treatment. The results achieved indicate a significant inactivation of microorganisms under longer periods of the treatment with ultrasonic probe, particularly in combination of higher temperature and amplitude. The output optimal value of total bacteria count was defined by Statgraphics where the lowest bacteria count was 3.688 log CFU/ml for the following specific ultrasound parameters: amplitude 120 μm, treatment time 9.84 min, and temperature 45.34°C.  

Measurement of Residual Particles by High-Intensity Aerial Ultrasonic Waves

1999 ◽  
Vol 38 (Part 1, No. 5B) ◽  
pp. 3312-3315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youichi Ito ◽  
Satoshi Nakayama ◽  
andRyohei Miwa
Keyword(s):  
High Intensity ◽  
Ultrasonic Waves

scholarly journals Visualization of Water Jet Cutting by Means of Ultrasonic Waves.

1999 ◽  
Vol 65 (640) ◽  
pp. 4868-4875
Author(s):  
Ayumi KIDA ◽  
Shinichi WARISAWA ◽  
Yoshimi ITO
Keyword(s):  
Water Jet ◽  
Ultrasonic Waves ◽  
Water Jet Cutting

Air-Lubricated Die for Extrusion of Rubber Compounds

1987 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 945-956 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryszard Brzoskowski ◽  
James L. White ◽  
Witold Szydlowski ◽  
Frederick C. Weissert ◽  
Nobuyuki Nakajima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Ultrasonic Waves ◽  
Processing Temperature ◽  
Rubber Compound ◽  
Pressure Losses ◽  
Essential Step ◽  
Rubber Compounds ◽  
Screw Extruders

Abstract The flow of a rubber compound through a die is an essential step of a rubber extrusion operation. The die forms the compound into the desired shape. In many cases, the output of the extruder is limited by the resistance of flow in the die. Too high pressure losses in the die may additionally result in an excessive increase of the temperature, and unwanted crosslinking of the rubber compound may occur. Various possibilities are available to reduce the resistance of flow in the die. The simplest one is elevation of the processing temperature, which leads to reduction of viscosity. This can be done, however, only within some limit. Reduction of the pressure losses in the die may also be achieved by decreasing the die length, but this option produces larger swelling. Other more innovative procedures may be suggested. Evidence exists that the pressure losses in the die can be reduced by introducing sound or ultrasonic waves of high intensity into the die zone. In this paper, we present what we believe is a new idea, another option of decreasing a resistance of flow of the rubber compound in the die. This is achieved by injecting air between the rubber compound and the wall of the die. This paper continues the experimental studies of the authors on the flow of rubber compounds in dies and screw extruders.

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