Detection of crack in a shallow layer of mortar by using a harmonic component of very high intensity aerial ultrasonic waves

2017 ◽  
Vol 56 (7S1) ◽  
pp. 07JC12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayumu Osumi ◽  
Masashi Ogita ◽  
Kazuya Okitsu ◽  
Youichi Ito
Keyword(s):  
High Intensity ◽  
Harmonic Component ◽  
Ultrasonic Waves ◽  
Shallow Layer ◽  
Very High

Improvement of the Detection Sensitivity of Edxrf Trace Element Analysis by Means of Efficient X-Ray Focusing Based on Strongly Curved Hopg Crystals

1995 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 109-117
Author(s):  
Burkhard Beckhoff ◽  
Birgit Kanngießer
Keyword(s):  
High Intensity ◽  
Focal Plane ◽  
Bragg Reflection ◽  
Pyrolytic Graphite ◽  
Trace Element Analysis ◽  
Detection Sensitivity ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Very High

X-ray focusing based on Bragg reflection at curved crystals allows collection of a large solid angle of incident radiation, monochromatization of this radiation, and condensation of the beam reflected at the crystal into a small spatial cross-section in a pre-selected focal plane. Thus, for the Bragg reflected radiation, one can achieve higher intensities than for the radiation passing directly to the same small area in the focal plane. In that case one can profit considerably from X-ray focusing in an EDXRF arrangement. The 00 2 reflection at Highly Oriented Pyrolytic Graphite (HOPG) crystals offers a very high intensity of the Bragg reflected beam for a wide range of photon energies. Furthermore, curvature radii smaller than 10 mm can be achieved for HOPG crystals ensuring efficient X-ray focusing in EDXRF applications. For the trace analysis of very small amounts of specimen material deposited on small areas of thin-filter backings, HOPG based X-ray focusing may be used to achieve a very high intensity of monochromatic excitation radiation.

Fast ignition by laser driven particle beams of very high intensity

2007 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 072701 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Hora ◽  
J. Badziak ◽  
M. N. Read ◽  
Yu-Tong Li ◽  
Tian-Jiao Liang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Intensity ◽  
Fast Ignition ◽  
Particle Beams ◽  
Very High

Rating Perceived Exertion during Short Duration, Very High Intensity Cycle Exercise

2005 ◽  
Vol 100 (3) ◽  
pp. 767-773 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randall F. Gearhart ◽  
M. Daniel Becque ◽  
Chad M. Palm ◽  
Matthew D. Hutchins
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Short Duration ◽  
High Resistance ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Cycle Exercise ◽  
Low Resistance ◽  
Resistance Exercises ◽  
Very High

This study compared undifferentiated ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) during short duration, very high intensity cycle exercise using high and low resistance. 30 recreationally trained males (24.2 ± 2.4 yr.) were memory-anchored to the Borg 15-category scale. The high and low resistance exercises were defined by 30-sec. maximum tests assigned in counterbalanced order, with resistances set before testing during an orientation session. High resistance was 10% of body mass. Low resistance resulted in the same total work as the high resistance over the 30-sec. sessions (± 5%) but increased pedal rate. RPE was taken at 8, 13, 18, 23, and 28 sec. during the high and the low resistance exercises. Measurements were compared using a 2-way repeated-measures analysis of variance. RPE was significantly greater ( p = .005) for the high than the low resistance exercise at each interval. RPE increased when the subjects were required to pedal against a greater resistance and produce the highest forces. These RPE data are consistent with data from both aerobic cycle and resistance exercise. The data suggest that instantaneous force production, not summed work, is a primary determinant of RPE. All of these observations support Cafarelli's theoretical model of effort sense. In conclusion, as an individual generates more force during high resistance exercise than in light resistance exercise, a potential explanation of our results is that the increased motor outflow and corollary sensory signal lead to a greater sense of effort.

scholarly journals Separation of the ‘blue’ and ‘green’ mechanisms of foveal vision by measurements of increment thresholds

1946 ◽  
Vol 133 (873) ◽  
pp. 418-434 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Test Stimulus ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Light Adaptation ◽  
Foveal Vision ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Individual Variations ◽  
Low Threshold ◽  
Intense Light ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Very High

The curve relating the smallest perceptible intensity of a blue test stimulus with the intensity of an orange conditioning field against which it is viewed shows a characteristic division into low- and high-intensity components, indicating the operation of two mechanisms of cone vision at the fovea. The justification for calling these ‘blue’ and ‘green’ mechanisms is taken from an earlier investigation (Stiles 1939). While most subjects show this division clearly, for some the low-intensity component is masked by the intrusion of rod vision. The correctness of this view is established by measurements made while the eye is recovering from an intense light adaptation. The individual variations of the sensitivities of the ‘green’ and ‘blue’ mechanisms in twenty subjects are assessed. Further evidence is obtained of an anomalously low threshold for the ‘blue’ mechanisms at very high conditioning fields of orange light.

A GLANCE BEYOND THE STANDARD MODEL: LATEST RESULTS FROM THE MEG EXPERIMENT

2014 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 1460390
Author(s):  
SIMEONE DUSSONI
Keyword(s):  
Beyond Standard Model ◽  
Standard Model ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Branching Ratio ◽  
Beyond The Standard Model ◽  
Upper Limit ◽  
The Standard Model ◽  
Key Features ◽  
Very High

The MEG experiment started taking data in 2009 looking for the Standard Model suppressed decay μ → e + γ, which, if observed, can reveal Beyond Standard Model physics. It makes use of state-of-the art detectors optimized for operating in conditions of very high intensity, rejecting as much background as possible. The data taking ended August 2013 and an upgrade R&D is started to push the experimental sensitivity. The present upper limit on the decay Branching Ratio (BR) is presented, obtained with the subset of data from 2009 to 2011 run, together with a description of the key features of the upgraded detector.

scholarly journals Inactivation of mesophilic bacteria in milk by means of high intensity ultrasound using response surface methodology

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 108-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Herceg ◽  
E. Juraga ◽  
B. Sobota-Šalamon ◽  
A. Režek-Jambrak
Keyword(s):  
High Intensity ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Bovine Milk ◽  
Ultrasonic Waves ◽  
Statistical Experimental Design ◽  
High Intensity Ultrasound ◽  
Ultrasonic Probe ◽  
Optimal Value ◽  
Higher Temperature

High-intensity ultrasound was used to investigate the inactivation of microorganisms in raw bovine milk. Raw bovine milk with 4% of milk fat was treated with ultrasonic probe that was 12 mm in diameter and with 20 kHz frequency immerged in milk directly. In the ultrasound treatment, three parameters were varied according to the statistical experimental design. The centre composite design was used to design and optimise the experimental parameters: temperature (20, 40, and 60°C), amplitude (120, 90, and 60 µm), and time (6, 9, and 12 min). All analyses were performed immediately after sonication and after 3 days and 5 days of storage under refrigeration at 4°C. The factors that seem to affect substantially the inactivation of microorganisms in using ultrasound are the amplitude of the ultrasonic waves, the exposure/contact time with the microorganisms, and the temperature of the treatment. The results achieved indicate a significant inactivation of microorganisms under longer periods of the treatment with ultrasonic probe, particularly in combination of higher temperature and amplitude. The output optimal value of total bacteria count was defined by Statgraphics where the lowest bacteria count was 3.688 log CFU/ml for the following specific ultrasound parameters: amplitude 120 μm, treatment time 9.84 min, and temperature 45.34°C.  

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