Subbarrier Fusion Reactions and Many-Particle Quantum Tunneling

This paper seeks to discuss why information theory is so important. What is information, knowledge is interaction of human mind and information, but there is a difference between information theory and knowledge theory. Look into information and particle theory and see how information must have its roots in particle theory. This leads to the concept of spatial dimensions, information density, complexity, particle density, can there be particle complexity, and re-looking at the double slit experiment and quantum tunneling. Information functions/ relations are discussed.

Download Full-text

Dualism QM and GR

10.31219/osf.io/8nzwd ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Vitaly Kuyukov

Keyword(s):

Quantum Mechanics ◽

General Theory ◽

Noncommutative Geometry ◽

Quantum Tunneling ◽

Closed Surface ◽

Theory Of Relativity ◽

General Theory Of Relativity ◽

Surface Integral ◽

Definition Of

Quantum tunneling of noncommutative geometry gives the definition of time in the form of holography, that is, in the form of a closed surface integral. Ultimately, the holography of time shows the dualism between quantum mechanics and the general theory of relativity.

Download Full-text

Proposed Solutions to Achieve Nuclear Fusion

Engevista ◽

10.22409/engevista.v19i5.968 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 19 (5) ◽

pp. 1496

Author(s):

Relly Victoria Virgil Petrescu ◽

Raffaella Aversa ◽

Antonio Apicella ◽

Florian Ion Petrescu

Keyword(s):

Nuclear Reactor ◽

Nuclear Reactions ◽

Nuclear Fusion ◽

Nuclear Fission ◽

Light Nuclei ◽

Fast Neutrons ◽

Fusion Reactions ◽

Nuclear Fusion Reactions ◽

The Masses ◽

Fusion Products

Despite research carried out around the world since the 1950s, no industrial application of fusion to energy production has yet succeeded, apart from nuclear weapons with the H-bomb, since this application does not aims at containing and controlling the reaction produced. There are, however, some other less mediated uses, such as neutron generators. The fusion of light nuclei releases enormous amounts of energy from the attraction between the nucleons due to the strong interaction (nuclear binding energy). Fusion it is with nuclear fission one of the two main types of nuclear reactions applied. The mass of the new atom obtained by the fusion is less than the sum of the masses of the two light atoms. In the process of fusion, part of the mass is transformed into energy in its simplest form: heat. This loss is explained by the Einstein known formula E=mc2. Unlike nuclear fission, the fusion products themselves (mainly helium 4) are not radioactive, but when the reaction is used to emit fast neutrons, they can transform the nuclei that capture them into isotopes that some of them can be radioactive. In order to be able to start and to be maintained with the success the nuclear fusion reactions, it is first necessary to know all this reactions very well. This means that it is necessary to know both the main reactions that may take place in a nuclear reactor and their sense and effects. The main aim is to choose and coupling the most convenient reactions, forcing by technical means for their production in the reactor. Taking into account that there are a multitude of possible variants, it is necessary to consider in advance the solutions that we consider them optimal. The paper takes into account both variants of nuclear fusion, and cold and hot. For each variant will be mentioned the minimum necessary specifications.

Download Full-text

Quantum Tunneling

10.1093/oso/9780198808275.003.0014 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Frank S. Levin

Keyword(s):

Quantum Tunneling ◽

Alpha Particles ◽

Attractive Potential ◽

Scanning Tunneling ◽

Finite Width ◽

Potential Well ◽

Surface Molecules ◽

Repulsive Coulomb ◽

The Subject ◽

The One

Quantum tunneling, wherein a quanject has a non-zero probability of tunneling into and then exiting a barrier of finite width and height, is the subject of Chapter 13. The description for the one-dimensional case is extended to the barrier being inverted, which forms an attractive potential well. The first application of this analysis is to the emission of alpha particles from the decay of radioactive nuclei, where the alpha-nucleus attraction is modeled by a potential well and the barrier is the repulsive Coulomb potential. Excellent results are obtained. Ditto for the similar analysis of proton burning in stars and yet a different analysis that explains tunneling through a Josephson junction, the connector between two superconductors. The final application is to the scanning tunneling microscope, a device that allows the microscopic surfaces of solids to be mapped via electrons from the surface molecules tunneling into the tip of the STM probe.

Download Full-text

A theorized new class of polyhedral hydrocarbons of molecular formula CnHn and their bottom-up scaffold expansions into hyperstructures

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-84562-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Camila M. B. Machado ◽

Nathalia B. D. Lima ◽

Sóstenes L. S. Lins ◽

Alfredo M. Simas

Keyword(s):

General Formula ◽

Chemical Structure ◽

Molecular Formula ◽

Fusion Reactions ◽

3D Scaffold ◽

3D Scaffolds ◽

Bottom Up ◽

New Class ◽

Euler’S Theorem ◽

2D And 3D

AbstractWe address the use of Euler's theorem and topological algorithms to design 18 polyhedral hydrocarbons of general formula CnHn that exist up to 28 vertexes containing four- and six-membered rings only; compounds we call “nuggets”. Subsequently, we evaluated their energies to verify the likelihood of their chemical existence. Among these compounds, 13 are novel systems, of which 3 exhibit chirality. Further, the ability of all nuggets to perform fusion reactions either through their square faces, or through their hexagonal faces was evaluated. Indeed, they are potentially able to form bottom-up derived molecular hyperstructures with great potential for several applications. By considering these fusion abilities, the growth of the nuggets into 1D, 2D, and 3D-scaffolds was studied. The results indicate that nugget24a (C24H24) is predicted to be capable of carrying out fusion reactions. From nugget24a, we then designed 1D, 2D, and 3D-scaffolds that are predicted to be formed by favorable fusion reactions. Finally, a 3D-scaffold generated from nugget24a exhibited potential to be employed as a voxel with a chemical structure remarkably similar to that of MOF ZIF-8. And, such a voxel, could in principle be employed to generate any 3D sculpture with nugget24a as its level of finest granularity.

Download Full-text