Slopes: solute processes and landforms

AbstractThis chapter reviews research on solutes by fluvial geomorphologists in the period 1965 to 2000; growing links with biogeochemical research are emphasised later in the chapter. Brief reference is necessarily made to some research from before and after the study period. In relation to solutes, early research sought to relate short-term process observations to long-term landform evolution. However, very quickly, research moved into much more applied fields, less concerned with landforms and more with biogeochemical processes. The drainage basin became the focus of research with a wide range of interest including nutrient loss from agricultural and forested landscapes to dissolved organic carbon export from peatlands. In particular, the terrestrial-aquatic ecotone became a focus for research, emphasising the distinctive processes operating in the riparian zone and their contribution to river water protection from land-derived pollutants. By the end of the period, the scale and range of fluvial geomorphology had been greatly transformed from what it had been in 1965, providing a distinctive contribution to the broader field of biogeochemistry as well as an ongoing contribution to the study of Earth surface processes and landforms.

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Feasibility and Enjoyment of Exercise Video Games in Older Adults

Innovation in Aging ◽

10.1093/geroni/igaa057.1838 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. 559-559

Author(s):

Sara Freed ◽

Briana Sprague ◽

Lesley Ross

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Video Games ◽

Game Design ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

Short Term ◽

Qualitative And Quantitative ◽

Before And After ◽

Xbox Kinect ◽

Game Developers

Abstract Interventions using exercise video games, or exergames, have shown short-term cognitive and physical benefits to older adults, though long-term effects are less promising. Enjoyment of exergames may promote exergame use after the intervention period, though little work has examined older adults’ views of exergames before and after gameplay experience. We invited 20 older adults between 65 and 84 years of age (M=73.30, SD=5.95) to play two Xbox Kinect games, Just Dance and Kinect Sports Rivals, for twenty minutes. In our presentation, we will present qualitative and quantitative findings of this pilot study, including findings that older adults reported that they were not likely to play similar exergames in the future and that they did not find the exergames to be more fun compared to other ways of exercising. We will discuss implications for game design and research relevant to game developers, manufacturers, and researchers. Part of a symposium sponsored by Technology and Aging Interest Group.

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Endoscopically controlled surgery with open hemilaminectomy for the treatment of intradural extramedullary tumors: an operative technique and short-term outcomes of 20 consecutive cases

Chinese Neurosurgical Journal ◽

10.1186/s41016-020-00222-0 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Xiaorong Yan ◽

Huiqing Wang ◽

Cai Li ◽

Yuanxiang Lin ◽

Lin Lin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Surgical Technique ◽

Spinal Deformity ◽

Tumor Recurrence ◽

Clinical Symptoms ◽

Short Term ◽

Before And After ◽

Intradural Extramedullary ◽

Controlled Surgery

Abstract Background To present a surgical technique for the treatment of intradural extramedullary (IDEM) tumors by using endoscopically controlled surgery with open hemilaminectomy technique. Methods In this study, 20 patients with 22 IDEM tumors were enrolled. An endoscopically controlled surgery with open hemilaminectomy was employed to remove the tumors. Data related to clinical symptoms and medical images before and after surgery were collected for perioperative evaluation and follow-up analysis. Results All the tumors in 20 patients were well removed. The clinical symptoms were significantly reduced in all the patients as well. The short-term follow-up data showed that there was no tumor recurrence or spinal deformity. Conclusion The endoscopically controlled surgery with open hemilaminectomy technique provided favorable exposure and satisfactory resection to the IDEM tumors. It may be an effective surgical method for treating IDEM tumors. Larger samples and longer follow-up data are needed to verify its long-term effectiveness.

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Can Long-Term Experiments Predict Real Field N and P Balance and System Sustainability? Results from Maize, Winter Wheat, and Soybean Trials Using Mineral and Organic Fertilisers

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11081472 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (8) ◽

pp. 1472

Author(s):

Ilaria Piccoli ◽

Felice Sartori ◽

Riccardo Polese ◽

Maurizio Borin ◽

Antonio Berti

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Nutrient Balance ◽

Environmental Indicators ◽

Nutrient Loss ◽

Real Field ◽

Short Term ◽

Organic Fertiliser ◽

Long Term Experiments ◽

P Balance

Agri-environmental indicators such as nutrient balance may play a key role in soil and water quality monitoring, although short-term experiments might be unable to capture the sustainability of cropping systems. Therefore, the objectives of this study are: (i) to evaluate the reliability of long-term experimental N and P balance estimates to predict real field (RF) (i.e., short-term transitory) conditions; and (ii) to compare the sustainability of short- and long-term experiments. The LTE-based predictions showed that crops are generally over-fertilised in RF conditions, particularly maize. Nutrient balance predictions based on the LTE data tended to be more optimistic than those observed under RF conditions, which are often characterised by lower outputs; in particular, 13, 44, and 47% lower yields were observed for winter wheat, maize, and soybean, respectively, under organic management. The graphical evaluation of N and P use efficiency demonstrated the benefit of adopting crop rotation practices and the risk of nutrient loss when liquid organic fertiliser was applied on a long-term basis. In conclusion, LTE predictions may depend upon specific RF conditions, representing potential N and P use efficiencies that, in RF, may be reduced by crop yield-limiting factors and the specific implemented crop sequence.

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MULTIFRACTAL FLUCTUATIONS OF JIUZHAIGOU TOURISTS BEFORE AND AFTER WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE

Fractals ◽

10.1142/s0218348x13500011 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 21 (01) ◽

pp. 1350001 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

KAI SHI ◽

WEN-YONG LI ◽

CHUN-QIONG LIU ◽

ZHENG-WEN HUANG

Keyword(s):

Wenchuan Earthquake ◽

Moving Average ◽

Long Term Memory ◽

Short Term ◽

Dynamical Mechanism ◽

Before And After ◽

Previous State ◽

Multifractal Behavior ◽

Multifractal Nature

In this work, multifractal methods have been successfully used to characterize the temporal fluctuations of daily Jiuzhai Valley domestic and foreign tourists before and after Wenchuan earthquake in China. We used multifractal detrending moving average method (MF-DMA). It showed that Jiuzhai Valley tourism markets are characterized by long-term memory and multifractal nature in. Moreover, the major sources of multifractality are studied. Based on the concept of sliding window, the time evolutions of the multifractal behavior of domestic and foreign tourists were analyzed and the influence of Wenchuan earthquake on Jiuzhai Valley tourism system dynamics were evaluated quantitatively. The study indicates that the inherent dynamical mechanism of Jiuzhai Valley tourism system has not been fundamentally changed from long views, although Jiuzhai Valley tourism system was seriously affected by the Wenchuan earthquake. Jiuzhai Valley tourism system has the ability to restore to its previous state in the short term.

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Endoscopically-controlled surgery with open hemi-laminectomy for the treatment of intradural extramedullary tumors: An operative technique and short-term outcomes of 20 consecutive cases

10.21203/rs.3.rs-28089/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Xiaorong Yan ◽

Huiqing Wang ◽

Cai Li ◽

Yuanxiang Lin ◽

Lin Lin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Surgical Technique ◽

Spinal Deformity ◽

Tumor Recurrence ◽

Clinical Symptoms ◽

Short Term ◽

Before And After ◽

Intradural Extramedullary ◽

Controlled Surgery

Abstract Background To present a surgical technique for the treatment of intradural extramedullary (IDEM) tumors by using endoscopically-controlled surgery with open hemi-laminectomy technique. Methods In this study, 20 patients with 22 IDEM tumors were enrolled. An endoscopically-controlled surgery with open hemi-laminectomy was employed to remove the tumors. Data related to clinical symptoms and medical images before and after surgery were collected for perioperative evaluation and follow-up analysis. Results All the tumors in 20 patients were well removed. The clinical symptoms were significantly reduced in all the patients as well. The short term follow-up data showed that there was no tumor recurrence or spinal deformity. Conclusion The endoscopically-controlled surgery with open hemi-laminectomy technique provided favorable exposure and satisfactory resection to the IDEM tumors. It may be an effective surgical method for treating IDEM tumors. Larger samples and longer follow-up data are needed to verify its long-term effectiveness.

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Predicting the cumulative medical load of COVID-19 outbreaks after the peak in daily fatalities

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0247272 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (4) ◽

pp. e0247272

Author(s):

Claudius Gros ◽

Roser Valenti ◽

Lukas Schneider ◽

Benedikt Gutsche ◽

Dimitrije Marković

Keyword(s):

Phase Space ◽

Sir Model ◽

Reaction Model ◽

Space Representation ◽

Cumulative Number ◽

Short Term ◽

Before And After ◽

The Status ◽

Short And Long Term

The distinct ways the COVID-19 pandemic has been unfolding in different countries and regions suggest that local societal and governmental structures play an important role not only for the baseline infection rate, but also for short and long-term reactions to the outbreak. We propose to investigate the question of how societies as a whole, and governments in particular, modulate the dynamics of a novel epidemic using a generalization of the SIR model, the reactive SIR (short-term and long-term reaction) model. We posit that containment measures are equivalent to a feedback between the status of the outbreak and the reproduction factor. Short-term reaction to an outbreak corresponds in this framework to the reaction of governments and individuals to daily cases and fatalities. The reaction to the cumulative number of cases or deaths, and not to daily numbers, is captured in contrast by long-term reaction. We present the exact phase space solution of the controlled SIR model and use it to quantify containment policies for a large number of countries in terms of short and long-term control parameters. We find increased contributions of long-term control for countries and regions in which the outbreak was suppressed substantially together with a strong correlation between the strength of societal and governmental policies and the time needed to contain COVID-19 outbreaks. Furthermore, for numerous countries and regions we identified a predictive relation between the number of fatalities within a fixed period before and after the peak of daily fatality counts, which allows to gauge the cumulative medical load of COVID-19 outbreaks that should be expected after the peak. These results suggest that the proposed model is applicable not only for understanding the outbreak dynamics, but also for predicting future cases and fatalities once the effectiveness of outbreak suppression policies is established with sufficient certainty. Finally, we provide a web app (https://itp.uni-frankfurt.de/covid-19/) with tools for visualising the phase space representation of real-world COVID-19 data and for exporting the preprocessed data for further analysis.

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Perception of investing in crypto in India using UTAUT model

International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology ◽

10.22214/ijraset.2021.38632 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (10) ◽

pp. 1396-1400

Author(s):

Vidhi Shah

Keyword(s):

Indian Population ◽

Social Benefits ◽

Short Term ◽

Perceived Safety ◽

Utaut Model ◽

Performance Expectancy ◽

Wide Range ◽

Effort Expectancy ◽

Do So

Abstract: This research was conducted to gather data and understand the perception what the Indian population holds when it comes to investing in cryptocurrency. To do so, a survey was designed using the UTAUT model and was circulated by the means of google forms. A wide range of parameters were considered to avail the maximum possible accuracy for the data collected. Parameters like, the ease of investing crypto, short term and long term benefits, monetary benefits, social benefits were considered. All of these parameters were supposed to be answered on a scale of 5. After collecting all the data, the results were analyzed and evaluated using which the hypothesis made were proved. Keywords: Cryptocurrency, UTAUT, performance expectancy, effort expectancy, perceived monetary benefits, perceived safety, social influence, adoption intension.

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Duodenal Dysbiosis and Relation to the Efficacy of Proton Pump Inhibitors in Functional Dyspepsia

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms222413609 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (24) ◽

pp. 13609

Author(s):

Lucas Wauters ◽

Raúl Y. Tito ◽

Matthias Ceulemans ◽

Maarten Lambaerts ◽

Alison Accarie ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Functional Dyspepsia ◽

Proton Pump Inhibitors ◽

Proton Pump ◽

Potential Role ◽

Short Term ◽

Beneficial Effects ◽

Rrna Sequencing ◽

Before And After

Proton pump inhibitors (PPI) may improve symptoms in functional dyspepsia (FD) through duodenal eosinophil-reducing effects. However, the contribution of the microbiome to FD symptoms and its interaction with PPI remains elusive. Aseptic duodenal brushings and biopsies were performed before and after PPI intake (4 weeks Pantoprazole 40 mg daily, FD-starters and controls) or withdrawal (2 months, FD-stoppers) for 16S-rRNA sequencing. Between- and within-group changes in genera or diversity and associations with symptoms or duodenal factors were analyzed. In total, 30 controls, 28 FD-starters and 19 FD-stoppers were followed. Mucus-associated Porphyromonas was lower in FD-starters vs. controls and correlated with symptoms in FD and duodenal eosinophils in both groups, while Streptococcus correlated with eosinophils in controls. Although clinical and eosinophil-reducing effects of PPI therapy were unrelated to microbiota changes in FD-starters, increased Streptococcus was associated with duodenal PPI effects in controls and remained higher despite withdrawal of long-term PPI therapy in FD-stoppers. Thus, duodenal microbiome analysis demonstrated differential mucus-associated genera, with a potential role of Porphyromonas in FD pathophysiology. While beneficial effects of short-term PPI therapy were not associated with microbial changes in FD-starters, increased Streptococcus and its association with PPIeffects in controls suggest a role for duodenal dysbiosis after long-term PPI therapy.

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Observations of rapid-fire event tremor at Lascar volcano, Chile

Annals of Geophysics ◽

10.4401/ag-3972 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 39 (2) ◽

Author(s):

G. Asch ◽

K. Wylegalla ◽

M. Hellweg ◽

D. Seidl ◽

H. Rademacher

Keyword(s):

Fractal Structure ◽

Seismic Station ◽

Active Volcano ◽

Short Term ◽

Fire Event ◽

Local Seismicity ◽

Short Period ◽

Wide Range ◽

Lascar Volcano

During the Proyecto de Investigaciòn Sismològica de la Cordillera Occidental (PISCO '94) in the Atacama desert of Northern Chile, a continuously recording broadband seismic station was installed to the NW of the currently active volcano, Lascar. For the month of April, 1994, an additional network of three, short period, three-component stations was deployed around the volcano to help discriminate its seismic signals from other local seismicity. During the deployment, the volcanic activity at Lascar appeared to be limited mainly to the emission of steam and SO2. Tremor from Lascar is a random, «rapid-fire» series of events with a wide range of amplitudes and a quasi-fractal structure. The tremor is generated by an ensemble of independent elementary sources clustered in the volcanic edifice. In the short-term, the excitation of the sources fluctuates strongly, while the long-term power spectrum is very stationary.

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Erosion assessment in the middle Kali Gandaki (Nepal): A sediment budget approach

Journal of Nepal Geological Society ◽

10.3126/jngs.v46i0.31578 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 46 ◽

Author(s):

Monique Fort ◽

Etienne Cossart

Keyword(s):

Drainage Basin ◽

Sediment Budget ◽

Mountain Range ◽

Primary Concern ◽

Stream Power ◽

Sediment Budgets ◽

Relative Chronology ◽

Wide Range ◽

History Of

Active mountains supply the largest sediment fluxes experienced on earth. At mountain range scale, remote sensing approaches, sediments provenance or stream power law analyses, collectively provide rough long-term estimates of total erosion. Erosion is indeed controlled by rock uplift and climate, hence by a wide range of processes (detachment, transport and deposition), all operating within drainage basin units, yet with time and spatial patterns that are quite complex at local scale. We focus on the Kali Gandaki valley, along the gorge section across the Higher Himalaya (e.g. from Kagbeni down to Tatopani). Along this reach, we identify sediment sources, stores and sinks, and consider hillslope int eractions with valley floor, in particular valley damming at short and longer time scales, and their impact on sediment budgets and fluxes. A detailed sediment budget is presented, constrained by available dates and/or relative chronology, ranging from several 10 kyr to a few decades. Obtained results span over two orders of magnitude that can best be explained by the type and magnitude of erosional processes involved. We show that if large landslides contribute significantly to the denudation history of active mountain range, more frequent medium to small scales landslides are in fact of primary concern for Himalayan population.

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