The effect of microstructural heterogeneity on pore size distribution and permeability in Opalinus Clay (Mont Terri, Switzerland): insights from an integrated study of laboratory fluid flow and pore morphology from BIB-SEM images

2017 ◽  
Vol 454 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Philipp ◽  
A. Amann-Hildenbrand ◽  
B. Laurich ◽  
G. Desbois ◽  
R. Littke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Flow ◽  
Pore Size Distribution ◽  
Pore Size ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Opalinus Clay ◽  
Pore Morphology ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Microstructural Heterogeneity ◽  
Mont Terri ◽  
Integrated Study

Pore Morphology, Porosity, and Pore Size Distribution in Kaolinitic Remolded Clays under Triaxial Loading

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 04020057 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qian-Feng Gao ◽  
Mohamad Jrad ◽  
Mahdia Hattab ◽  
Jean-Marie Fleureau ◽  
Lamine Ighil Ameur
Keyword(s):  
Pore Size Distribution ◽  
Pore Size ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Pore Morphology ◽  
Triaxial Loading

scholarly journals Fabrication of PES/PVP Water Filtration Membranes Using Cyrene®, a Safer Bio-Based Polar Aprotic Solvent

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roxana A. Milescu ◽  
C. Robert McElroy ◽  
Thomas J. Farmer ◽  
Paul M. Williams ◽  
Matthew J. Walters ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pore Size Distribution ◽  
Pore Size ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Water Filtration ◽  
Solubility Parameters ◽  
Coagulation Bath ◽  
Additive Concentration ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Water Contact ◽  
Water Permeation

A more sustainable dialysis and water filtration membrane has been developed, by using the new, safer, bio-based solvent Cyrene® in place of N-methyl pyrrolidinone (NMP). The effects of solvent choice, solvent evaporation time, the temperature of casting gel, and coagulation bath together with the additive concentration on porosity and pore size distribution were studied. The results, combined with infrared spectra, SEM images, porosity results, water contact angle (WCA), and water permeation, confirm that Cyrene® is better media to produce polyethersulfone (PES) membranes. New methods, Mercury Intrusion Porosimetry (MIP) and NMR-based pore structure model, were applied to estimate the porosity and pore size distribution of the new membranes produced for the first time with Cyrene® and PVP as additive. Hansen Solubility Parameters in Practice (HSPiP) was used to predict polymer-solvent interactions. The use of Cyrene® resulted in reduced polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) loading than required when using NMP and gave materials with larger pores and overall porosity. Two different conditions of casting gel were applied in this study: a hot (70°C) and cold gel (17°C) were cast to obtain membranes with different morphologies and water filtration behaviours.

scholarly journals Fractal Properties of Various Clay Minerals Obtained from SEM Images

Geofluids ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Naser Golsanami ◽  
Shanilka Gimhan Fernando ◽  
Madusanka Nirosh Jayasuriya ◽  
Weichao Yan ◽  
Huaimin Dong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pore Size Distribution ◽  
Pore Size ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Clay Minerals ◽  
Pore Space ◽  
Reservoir Rock ◽  
Distribution Area ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Fractal Properties ◽  
Internal Pore

Clay minerals significantly alter the pore size distribution (PSD) of the gas hydrate-bearing sediments and sandstone reservoir rock by adding an intense amount of micropores to the existing intragranular pore space. Therefore, in the present study, the internal pore space of various clay groups is investigated by manually segmenting Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) images. We focused on kaolinite, smectite, chlorite, and dissolution holes and characterized their specific pore space using fractal geometry theory and parameters such as pore count, pore size distribution, area, perimeter, circularity, and density. Herein, the fractal properties of different clay groups and dissolution holes were extracted using the box counting technique and were introduced for each group. It was observed that the presence of clays complicates the original PSD of the reservoir by adding about 1.31-61.30 pores/100 μm2 with sizes in the range of 0.003-87.69 μm2. Meanwhile, dissolution holes complicate the pore space by adding 4.88-8.17 extra pores/100 μm2 with sizes in the range of 0.06-119.75 μm2. The fractal dimension ( D ) and lacunarity ( L ) values of the clays’ internal pore structure fell in the ranges of 1.51-1.85 and 0.18-0.99, respectively. Likewise, D and L of the dissolution holes were in the ranges of, respectively, 1.63-1.65 and 0.56-0.62. The obtained results of the present study lay the foundation for developing improved fractal models of the reservoir properties which would help to better understand the fluid flow, irreducible fluid saturation, and capillary pressure. These issues are of significant importance for reservoir quality and calculating the accurate amount of producible oil and gas.

Development of porous SiLK™ Semiconductor Dielectric Resin for the 65 nm and 45 nm Nodes

2003 ◽  
Vol 766 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Strittmatter ◽  
J. L. Hahnfeld ◽  
H. C. Silvis ◽  
T. M. Stokich ◽  
J. D. Perry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dielectric Constant ◽  
Pore Size Distribution ◽  
Pore Size ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Process Window ◽  
Pore Morphology ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Interlayer Dielectric ◽  
The Impact

AbstractPorous SiLK resin is an ultra-low-k interlayer dielectric (ILD) material designed to meet the needs of the 65 nm technology node and beyond. In early 2002, the porous SiLK resin formulation was defined and scaled up, facilitating the tight monitoring and control of key properties, including pore size distribution, over several lots of material. The film processing kinetics are now well understood and a wide process window exists which ensures optimum pore morphology and pore size distribution. Thermal cycling of films demonstrates no effect on pore morphology or dielectric constant. The material has been designed to minimize the impact of CTE mismatch at high temperature, which challenged the integration of some previous generations of SiLK and porous SiLK dielectric resins. The discrete, closed-cell pore geometry is well characterized and enables the extendibility of process module development from SiLK resin technology to porous SiLK resin. Concurrent with the scale up efforts, advancements in minimizing both cure time and temperature simultaneously, as well as significant improvements in pore size and pore size distribution, have been achieved. The cure and porogen burn out time has been reduced by 50% or greater, and the temperature has been reduced to 370°C. The pore size has been reduced by ∼35%, and the pore size distribution has been narrowed by ∼40%. These advancements have resulted in the introduction of porous SiLK T resin, with a dielectric constant of k = 2.4 and a recommended cure temperature of 370°C, and the introduction of porous SiLK U resin, with a mean pore diameter of ∼5 nm and a dielectric constant of k = 2.2.

scholarly journals 3D pore system reconstruction using nano-scale 2D SEM images and pore size distribution analysis for intermediate rank coal matrix

Fuel ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 275 ◽  
pp. 117934 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Roslin ◽  
Dubravka Pokrajac ◽  
Kejian Wu ◽  
Yingfang Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Pore Size Distribution ◽  
Pore Size ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Distribution Analysis ◽  
Pore System ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Nano Scale ◽  
Coal Matrix ◽  
System Reconstruction

Micro- and Mesopores Occurring in Transitional Shales: An Examination Based on Pore Radius and Origin

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 296-309
Author(s):  
Wenlong Han ◽  
Yanbin Wang ◽  
Yong Li ◽  
Du Liu ◽  
Xiang Wu
Keyword(s):  
Pore Size Distribution ◽  
Pore Size ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Vitrinite Reflectance ◽  
Ordos Basin ◽  
Lower Permian ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Average Value ◽  
High Maturity ◽  
Adsorption Desorption

The microscopic pores in shales can be characterized based on different features, including pore morphology, pore size distribution and pore origin. In this work, shale samples from the Lower Permian Shanxi Formation and Upper Carboniferous Taiyuan Formation in the Linxing Block of the Ordos Basin were examined via experiments including X-ray diffraction (XRD), total organic carbon (TOC) analysis, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), automatic acquisition of large-image technology (MAPS), and low-temperature gas (CO2 and N2) adsorption/desorption experiments. The results show that clay minerals (average value of 53.9 wt.%) and quartz (average value of 39.0 wt.%) dominate the sample composition, with some K-feldspar, plagioclase, siderite, etc. The TOC values are between 1.15% and 8.46%, and all the shales are of middle-high maturity (the vitrinite reflectance (Ro) ranges from 1.23% to 1.75%). Based on FE-SEM images, the observed pore types include interparticle (interP) pores, intraparticle (intraP) pores, and organicmatter (OM) pores, and the pores and fractures at different scales are examined by MAPS. The distributions of micro- and mesopores and the proportions of the different pore sizes were determined from the N2 and CO2 adsorption results. The pore size distribution results suggest that N2 mainly penetratesmesopores (2–50 nm), while CO2 mainly penetrates large micropores (0.7–2 nm). Micropores are the largest contributors to the total pores. The mesopores were further classified as small, medium and large mesopores, and the proportion of mesopores decreased with increasing pore size.

Correlation Between Fractal Dimension of Matrix and Extraction Behavior of Plant Materials

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junhong Yang ◽  
Qianqian Di ◽  
Jun Zhao ◽  
Liqiu Wang
Keyword(s):  
Fractal Dimension ◽  
Pore Size Distribution ◽  
Pore Size ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Fractal Dimensions ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Matrix Microstructure ◽  
Extraction Behavior ◽  
Mercury Injection

This paper studies the correlation between fractal dimension of matrix microstructure of plant materials and extraction behavior using Astragalus root slices as examples. This work compared the yield of extracts on the conventional solvent soaking extraction of samples irradiated 3min by microwave 600W and 900W, respectively. Regarding to microwave treated samples, the area fractal dimensions (DL) of aperture in shape were estimated by using the slit island method on the basis of SEM images analysis, the volume fractal dimensions (DV) of pore size distribution inside matrix were also determined by the mercury injection method on the basis of measured results (6nm–40×105nm) by automatic mercury injection apparatus. Our findings are that, 900W treated sample behaves higher yield of extracts than 600W. The values of DL and DV both increase with increasing of microwave power. The higher values of DL correspond to the much irregular and deformed shape of aperture, which seems un-benefit for the extraction of component inside matrix. However, the higher values of DV correspond to the less concentration of pore size distribution, implying better connectivity of pore or channel at multi-scale (including trachea 20μm–50μm, aperture 0.1μm–1μm and plasmodesma 1nm–10nm in size) and permeability inside matrix during extraction, higher yield of extracts. It demonstrates that combining the two fractal dimensions can present much more information for better understanding of mass transfer behavior and the knowledge of material properties.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document