scholarly journals Spectral efficiency of energy efficient multicarrier systems

2014 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 24-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Majed Haddad ◽  
Oussama Habachi ◽  
Piotr Wiecek ◽  
Yezekael Hayel
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Efficiency ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Multicarrier Systems

Optimal Energy Efficient Bit and Power Loading for Multicarrier Systems

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 1194-1197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qi Sun ◽  
Lihua Li ◽  
Antti Tolli ◽  
Markku Juntti ◽  
Junling Mao
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Multicarrier Systems ◽  
Optimal Energy ◽  
Power Loading

scholarly journals Effect of Clusters in Energy-Efficient Cooperative White Space Detection in a Cognitive Radio System

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Samson I Ojo ◽  
Zachaeus K Adeyemo ◽  
Damilare O Akande ◽  
Rebecca O Omowaiye
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Radio ◽  
Spectral Efficiency ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Fusion Rule ◽  
Probability Of Detection ◽  
White Space ◽  
Radio System ◽  
Cognitive Radio System ◽  
Individual Cluster ◽  
Sensing Time

White Space Detection (WSD) is a core operation in a Cognitive Radio System (CRS) to identify idle spectrum for maximum utilization. However, WSD is often affected by multipath effects resulting in poor detection rate. Cooperative WSD (CWSD) which is one of the existing techniques used to address the problem is characterized by long sensing time, energy and bandwidth inefficiency. Energy-Efficient CWSD (EECWSD) was proposed in previous work to solve the problem associated with CWSD. Hence, in this paper, the effect of clusters in EECWSD is carried out with Radiometry Detector (RD). The investigation is carried out using multiple clusters and each cluster contained multiple Secondary Users (SUs). The SUs are used to perform local sensing and the sensing results are combined at individual cluster using majority fusion rule. The sensing results from individual cluster are combined to obtain global sensing result using OR fusion rule. The system is simulated using MATLAB software. The system is evaluated using Probability of Detection (PD), Total Error Probability (TEP), Spectral Efficiency (SE) and Sensing Time (ST). At SNR of 20 dB, PD values of 0.7890, 0.8376 and 0.8787 are obtained for clusters 3, 4 and 5, respectively, while the corresponding TEP values are 0.2210, 0.1724 and 0.1313 for clusters 3, 4 and 5, respectively. At SNR of 16 dB, 13.2594 and 16.4341 are the SE values obtained for clusters 3 and 5, respectively, while the corresponding ST values obtained are 4.2487 and 2.6177 s for clusters 3 and 5, respectively. The results obtained revealed that, PD and SE increase as number of cluster increases, while ST and TEP reduce as cluster increases.  Keywords— Cognitive Radio, White Space, Spectrum Sensing, Probability of Detection, Spectral Efficiency.

Energy efficient network-flow-based algorithm for multiuser multicarrier systems

IET Networks ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 66 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Joung ◽  
D. Yuan ◽  
C.K. Ho ◽  
S. Sun
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Network Flow ◽  
Multicarrier Systems

scholarly journals Raman Pumping as an Energy Efficient Solution for NyWDM Flexible-grid Elastic Optical Networks

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 2627
Author(s):  
Arsalan Ahmad ◽  
Andrea Bianco ◽  
Vittorio Curri ◽  
Guido Marchetto ◽  
Sarosh Tahir
Keyword(s):  
Optical Networks ◽  
Spectral Efficiency ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Fiber Types ◽  
European Network ◽  
Modulation Format ◽  
Traffic Loads ◽  
Quality Of Transmission ◽  
Flexible Grid

<p>This paper investigates transparent wavelength routed optical networks using three different fiber types NZDSF, SMF and PSCF - and validates the effectiveness of Hybrid Raman/EDFA Fiber Amplification (HFA) with different pumping levels, up to the moderate 60% pumping regime. Nodes operate on the basis of flexible-grid elastic NyWDM transponders able to adapt the modulation format to the quality-of-transmission of the available lightpath, exploiting up to five 12.5 GHz spectral slots. Results consider a 37- node Pan-European network for variable Raman pumping level, span length and average traffic per node. We show that HFA in moderate pumping regime reduces the power consumption and enhances spectral efficiency for all three fiber types with particular evidence in NZDSF. In essence to that, introduction of HFA is also beneficial to avoid blocking for higher traffic loads.</p>

Performance Evaluation of AFOD Protocol for Energy Efficient Routing

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Smitha Shekar ◽  
M. Sudhakar Pillai ◽  
G. Narendra Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Energy Efficient Routing

Distributed Entropy Energy-Efficient Clustering algorithm for cluster head selection (DEEEC)

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 8139-8147
Author(s):  
Ranganathan Arun ◽  
Rangaswamy Balamurugan
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Clustering Algorithm ◽  
Cluster Head ◽  
Residual Energy ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Energy Efficient Clustering ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Ch Selection

In Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) the energy of Sensor nodes is not certainly sufficient. In order to optimize the endurance of WSN, it is essential to minimize the utilization of energy. Head of group or Cluster Head (CH) is an eminent method to develop the endurance of WSN that aggregates the WSN with higher energy. CH for intra-cluster and inter-cluster communication becomes dependent. For complete, in WSN, the Energy level of CH extends its life of cluster. While evolving cluster algorithms, the complicated job is to identify the energy utilization amount of heterogeneous WSNs. Based on Chaotic Firefly Algorithm CH (CFACH) selection, the formulated work is named “Novel Distributed Entropy Energy-Efficient Clustering Algorithm”, in short, DEEEC for HWSNs. The formulated DEEEC Algorithm, which is a CH, has two main stages. In the first stage, the identification of temporary CHs along with its entropy value is found using the correlative measure of residual and original energy. Along with this, in the clustering algorithm, the rotating epoch and its entropy value must be predicted automatically by its sensor nodes. In the second stage, if any member in the cluster having larger residual energy, shall modify the temporary CHs in the direction of the deciding set. The target of the nodes with large energy has the probability to be CHs which is determined by the above two stages meant for CH selection. The MATLAB is required to simulate the DEEEC Algorithm. The simulated results of the formulated DEEEC Algorithm produce good results with respect to the energy and increased lifetime when it is correlated with the current traditional clustering protocols being used in the Heterogeneous WSNs.

A Survey on Hierarchical Cluster Based Secure Routing Protocols and Key Management Schemes in Wireless Sensor Networks

2018 ◽  
pp. 18-26
Author(s):  
Yugashree Bhadane ◽  
Pooja Kadam
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Key Management ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Secure Routing ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Management Schemes ◽  
Cluster Based Routing

Now days, wireless technology is one of the center of attention for users and researchers. Wireless network is a network having large number of sensor nodes and hence called as “Wireless Sensor Network (WSN)”. WSN monitors and senses the environment of targeted area. The sensor nodes in WSN transmit data to the base station depending on the application. These sensor nodes communicate with each other and routing is selected on the basis of routing protocols which are application specific. Based on network structure, routing protocols in WSN can be divided into two categories: flat routing, hierarchical or cluster based routing, location based routing. Out of these, hierarchical or cluster based routing is becoming an active branch of routing technology in WSN. To allow base station to receive unaltered or original data, routing protocol should be energy-efficient and secure. To fulfill this, Hierarchical or Cluster base routing protocol for WSN is the most energy-efficient among other routing protocols. Hence, in this paper, we present a survey on different hierarchical clustered routing techniques for WSN. We also present the key management schemes to provide security in WSN. Further we study and compare secure hierarchical routing protocols based on various criteria.

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