Depth information from binocular disparity and familiar size is combined when reaching towards virtual objects

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebekka S. Schubert ◽  
Mathias Müller ◽  
Sebastian Pannasch ◽  
Jens R. Helmert
Keyword(s):  
Binocular Disparity ◽  
Depth Information ◽  
Familiar Size ◽  
Virtual Objects

Does Binocular Disparity or Familiar Size Information Override Effects of Relative Size on Judgements of Time to Contact?

2005 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
pp. 865-886 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia R. DeLucia
Keyword(s):  
Binocular Disparity ◽  
Relative Size ◽  
Depth Information ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Familiar Size ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Time To Contact ◽  
Size Information ◽  
Source Of Information ◽  
Do So

Previous studies indicate that non-tau sources of depth information, such as pictorial depth cues, can influence judgements of time to contact (TTC). The effect of relative size on such judgements, the size-arrival effect, is particularly robust. However, earlier studies of the size-arrival effect did not include binocular disparity or familiar size information. The effects of these cues on relative TTC judgements were measured. Results suggested that disparity can eliminate the size-arrival effect but that the amount of disparity needed to do so is greater than typical stereoacuity thresholds. In contrast, familiar size eliminated the size-arrival effect even when disparity information was not available. Furthermore, disparity contributed more to performance when familiar size was present than when it was absent. Consistent with previous studies, TTC judgements were influenced by multiple sources of information. The present results suggested further that familiar size is one such source of information and that familiar size moderates the influence of binocular disparity information.

Interaction between Colour and Depth Channels in Transparent Colour Perception

Perception ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 25 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 115-115
Author(s):  
K Okajima ◽  
M Takase ◽  
S Takahashi
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Visual System ◽  
Binocular Disparity ◽  
Depth Information ◽  
Apparent Depth ◽  
Colour Perception

Two colours can be perceived at one location on overlapping planes only when the front plane is transparent. This phenomenon suggests that colour information processing is not independent of depth information processing and vice versa. To investigate the interaction between colour and depth channels, we used colour stimuli and binocular parallax to identify the conditions for transparency. Each stimulus, presented on a CRT to one eye, consisted of a centre patch and a surround. Binocular disparity was set so that the centre patch could be seen behind the surround. However, the surround appears to be behind the centre patch when the surround is perceived as an opaque plane. We examined several combinations of basic colours for the centre patch and surround. The surround luminance was constant at 1.0 cd m−2 and the luminance of the centre was varied. Subjects used the apparent depth of the surround to report whether or not transparency occurred. The results show two types of transparency: ‘bright-centre transparency’ and ‘dark-centre transparency’. We found that the range of centre luminances which yield transparency depends on the combination of centre and surround colours, ie influences of brightness and colour opponency were found. We conclude that there is interaction between colour and depth channels in the visual system.

Quantitative Measurement of Human Visual Characteristic on Depth Perception with Using Random-Dot Stimulus

2000 ◽  
Vol 44 (21) ◽  
pp. 3-500-3-500
Author(s):  
Jing-Long Wu ◽  
Kazuyoshi Tsukamoto
Keyword(s):  
Depth Perception ◽  
Quantitative Measurement ◽  
Binocular Disparity ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Depth Information ◽  
Head Mounted Display ◽  
Visual Characteristic

Human interactive characteristic between the binocular disparity and the occlusion for depth perception is measured with using random-dot stimulus. The experimental results suggested that if the binocular disparity is set at a proper value, the depth information is mainly obtained from the cue of the binocular disparity, and if the occlusion ratio is larger than some constant value the depth information is obtained from the cue of the occlusion. Based on the experimental results, we can find a method to make images with depth information in the Head Mounted Display (HMD) when the cues of the binocular disparity and the occlusion are concurrently used.

scholarly journals Near-optimal combination of disparity across a log-polar scaled visual field

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guido Maiello ◽  
Manuela Chessa ◽  
Peter J. Bex ◽  
Fabio Solari
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Visual Field ◽  
Visual System ◽  
Primary Visual Cortex ◽  
Depth Perception ◽  
Binocular Disparity ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Visual Input ◽  
Depth Information ◽  
Central Vision

AbstractThe human visual system is foveated: we can see fine spatial details in central vision, whereas resolution is poor in our peripheral visual field, and this loss of resolution follows an approximately logarithmic decrease. Additionally, our brain organizes visual input in polar coordinates. Therefore, the image projection occurring between retina and primary visual cortex can be mathematically described by the log-polar transform. Here, we test and model how this space-variant visual processing affects how we process binocular disparity, a key component of human depth perception. We observe that the fovea preferentially processes disparities at fine spatial scales, whereas the visual periphery is tuned for coarse spatial scales, in line with the naturally occurring distributions of depths and disparities in the real-world. We further show that the visual field integrates disparity information across the visual field, in a near-optimal fashion. We develop a foveated, log-polar model that mimics the processing of depth information in primary visual cortex and that can process disparity directly in the cortical domain representation. This model takes real images as input and recreates the observed topography of disparity sensitivity in man. Our findings support the notion that our foveated, binocular visual system has been moulded by the statistics of our visual environment.Author summaryWe investigate how humans perceive depth from binocular disparity at different spatial scales and across different regions of the visual field. We show that small changes in disparity-defined depth are detected best in central vision, whereas peripheral vision best captures the coarser structure of the environment. We also demonstrate that depth information extracted from different regions of the visual field is combined into a unified depth percept. We then construct an image-computable model of disparity processing that takes into account how our brain organizes the visual input at our retinae. The model operates directly in cortical image space, and neatly accounts for human depth perception across the visual field.

Simulation of Depth Interpolation from Surface Boundary in Binocular Viewing

1997 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 98-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weifu Shi ◽  
◽  
Masanori Idesawa ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Binocular Disparity ◽  
Binocular Viewing ◽  
Surface Shape ◽  
Depth Information ◽  
Surface Boundary ◽  
Potential Sources ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
The Mathematical Model ◽  
Present Simulation

With binocular viewing, the human visual system can perceive depth information of a 3-D object from several kinds of cues, such as binocular disparity, occlusion, optical flow, perspective, texture gradients, shading, and motion. Several years ago, in relation to the 3-D illusion, we found that surface depth can also be perceived even if no apparent visual stimulus occurs inside the surface boundary that provides the cues above except for binocular disparity given partially along the surface boundary. In addition, we found that, in some cases, shapes could be perceived in different forms from entirely the same surface boundary when the attention depth is changed or the attention point is presented in binocular viewing. We built a simple, preliminary mathematical model to simulate surface depth perception. It was based on the following hypotheses: activity potential sources are located along the perceived surface boundary; cells inside the column corresponding to the view volume enclosed by the surface boundary are activated by the summation of the activation power emitted from the activity potential sources; the surface then is perceived at the depth where the most activated cell is observed in depth. We then improved our mathematical model to introduce the effects of attention points. In this paper, we describe the mathematical model in detail and present simulation results for different surface shapes. We also discuss the influence on surface shape by changing the parameters of the mathematical model.

Reaching for virtual objects: binocular disparity and the control of prehension

2003 ◽  
Vol 148 (2) ◽  
pp. 196-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul B. Hibbard ◽  
Mark F. Bradshaw
Keyword(s):  
Binocular Disparity ◽  
Virtual Objects

The Appearance of Surfaces Specified by Motion Parallax and Binocular Disparity

1989 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 697-717 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian J. Rogers ◽  
Thomas S. Collett
Keyword(s):  
Visual System ◽  
Binocular Disparity ◽  
Motion Parallax ◽  
Vertical Axis ◽  
Line Of Sight ◽  
Depth Information ◽  
Real Surface ◽  
Corrugated Surface ◽  
Corrugated Surfaces ◽  
Matching Technique

The experiments reported in this paper were designed to investigate how depth information from binocular disparity and motion parallax cues is integrated in the human visual system. Observers viewed simulated 3-D corrugated surfaces that translated to and fro across their line of sight. The depth of the corrugations was specified by either motion parallax, or binocular disparities, or some combination of the two. The amount of perceived depth in the corrugations was measured using a matching technique. A monocularly viewed surface specified by parallax alone was seen as a rigid, corrugated surface translating along a fronto-parallel path. The perceived depth of the corrugations increased monotonically with the amount of parallax motion, just as if observers were viewing an equivalent real surface that produced the same parallax transformation. With binocular viewing and zero disparities between the images seen by the two eyes, the perceived depth was only about half of that predicted by the monocular cue. In addition, this binocularly viewed surface appeared to rotate about a vertical axis as it translated to and fro. With other combinations of motion parallax and binocular disparity, parallax only affected the perceived depth when the disparity gradients of the corrugations were shallow. The discrepancy between the parallax and disparity signals was typically resolved by an apparent rotation of the surface as it translated to and fro. The results are consistent with the idea that the visual system attempts to minimize the discrepancies between (1) the depth signalled by disparity and that required by a particular interpretation of the parallax transformation and (2) the amount of rotation required by that interpretation and the amount of rotation signalled by other cues in the display.

Simultaneous and Successive Contrast Effects in the Perception of Depth from Motion-Parallax and Stereoscopic Information

Perception ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 247-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maureen Graham ◽  
Brian Rogers
Keyword(s):  
Contrast Effect ◽  
Binocular Disparity ◽  
Motion Parallax ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Vertical Surface ◽  
Test Surface ◽  
Depth Information ◽  
Apparent Depth ◽  
Contrast Effects ◽  
Inducing Surface

Prolonged inspection of a three-dimensional corrugated surface resulted in a successive contrast effect, or aftereffect, of depth, whereby a subsequently-viewed physically-flat test surface appeared to be corrugated in depth with the opposite phase to the adapting surface. The aftereffect occurred both when the depth was specified by motion parallax, in the absence of all other sources of depth information, and when it was specified solely by stereoscopic information. The depth aftereffect was measured by ‘nulling’ the apparent depth in the test surface with physical relative motion or binocular disparity until the test surface appeared flat. Up to 70% of the depth in the adapting surface was necessary to null the aftereffect. Simultaneous contrast effects in the perception of three-dimensional surfaces were used to investigate the spatial interactions that exist in the processing of motion-parallax and stereoscopic information. A physically vertical surface appeared to slope in depth in the opposite direction to the slope of a surrounding surface. In this case up to 50% of the slope of the inducing surface was necessary to null the contrast effect. Similar results were again obtained for motion-parallax and stereoscopic depth.

scholarly journals Hidden Surface Removal in Augmented Reality: Hand Region Extraction using PCA

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 4149-4155
Keyword(s):  
Augmented Reality ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Real Space ◽  
Virtual Object ◽  
Depth Information ◽  
Depth Sensor ◽  
Virtual Objects ◽  
Color Range ◽  
Hidden Surface Removal ◽  
Surface Removal

Recently, augmented Reality (AR) is growing rapidly and much attention has been focused on interaction techniques between users and virtual objects, such as the user directly manipulating virtual objects with his/her bare hands. Therefore, the authors believe that more accurate overlay techniques will be required to interact more seamlessly. On the other hand, in AR technology, since the 3-dimensional (3D) model is superimposed on the image of the real space afterwards, it is always displayed on the front side than the hand. Thus, it becomes an unnatural scene in some cases (occlusion problem). In this study, this system considers the object-context relations between the user's hand and the virtual object by acquiring depth information of the user's finger using a depth sensor. In addition, the system defines the color range of the user's hand by performing principal component analysis (PCA) on the color information near the finger position obtained from the depth sensor and setting a threshold. Then, this system extracts an area of the hand by using the definition of the color range of the user's hand. Furthermore, the fingers are distinguished by using the Canny method. In this way, this system realizes hidden surface removal along the area of the user's hand. In the evaluation experiment, it is confirmed that the hidden surface removal in this study make it possible to distinguish between finger boundaries and to clarify and process finger contours.

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