Model Conceptualization of System Dynamics for Evaluating Extended Producer Responsibility Strategy in Plastic Waste Management Policy in Indonesia

Author(s):  
Arry Rahmawan Destyanto ◽  
Putu Swasti Kirana ◽  
Romadhani Ardi
Author(s):  
Athar Hussain ◽  
Ayushman Bhattacharya ◽  
Arfat Ahmed

Plastic, one of the most preferred materials in today's industrial world, is posing a serious threat to the environment and consumer health in many direct and indirect ways. The global plastic production increased over years due to the vast applications of plastics in many sectors. More than 50% of the plastic waste generated in the country is recycled and used in the manufacture of various plastic products. The remaining half is disposed of at landfill sites or simply burned in incinerators. The burning of plastics, especially PVC, releases this dioxin and also furan into the atmosphere. In this chapter, the authors examine the environmental and health effects and harm caused by the burning of plastics in detail. It focuses on the current status of plastic waste management in India and industries working under the extended producer responsibility. Therefore, an attempt has been made to review the current practices prevalent in India to deal with this plastic waste and problems associated with it.


2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-24
Author(s):  
Suci Emilia Fitri ◽  
Ray Ferza

Plastic usage in society has become an issue that should be addressed correctly. In an international study entitled Plastic Waste Associated with Disease on Coral Reefs Indonesia was one of the most productive plastic polluters to the ocean by the period of 2010-2025. In order to address it, The Government had enacted various hierarchical policy be it, national- local. The result was far from optimal since Plastics still placed to be the second-largest waste with high possibility unprocessed in the landfill. The current condition of the landfill was vastly open dump instead of processed management. Ministry of Home Affairs as the pivot of the national government in the regions needs to learn and supervise waste management policies by the locals. This research aimed to elaborate on the dynamics, problems, and implications of waste management policy in regions. Based on qualitative method with descriptive approach. this research found that local plastic management within the regions quiets unproductive since several multilevel policies yet to be synergized. Government, be it national or locals, indicated improvement in waste management policy at the regions. In line with that, The National Government advised taking actions as the following; inter-ministerial coordination; research and technology integration; optimizing technical coordination forum between the ministry of home affairs and other executive organs; coordinate with rural ministry to open an alternative for waste improvement by the village allocation fund; tipping fee acceleration policy for the local government; PKK instruction to embrace society-based policy of waste reduction. Abstrak Penggunaan plastik dalam kehidupan manusia menjadi persoalan yang harus diselesaikan dengan tepat. Studi internasional berjudul “Plastic Waste Associated with Disease on Coral Reefs” menyebutkan bahwa Indonesia termasuk negara yang diproyeksikan paling banyak menebarkan sampah plastik ke laut dalam kurun waktu 2010-2025. Untuk menangani hal ini, pemerintah telah menetapkan berbagai kebijakan hirarkis pusat-daerah. Sejauh ini, hasil dari kebijakan yang ada masih kurang optimal karena plastik di Indonesia masih menjadi jenis sampah terbanyak kedua yang tertimbun di TPA tanpa diproses. Saat ini kondisi TPA di Indonesia masih mengedepankan aktivitas timbun (dumping) bukan aktivitas mengolah. Kementerian Dalam Negeri sebagai poros pemerintah pusat di daerah, dipandang perlu untuk mengkaji dan membina kebijakan pengelolaan sampah di pemerintahan daerah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis problematika dan implikasi kebijakan pengelolaan sampah plastik di daerah. Berdasarkan metode penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif, penelitian ini menemukan bahwa kebijakan pengelolaan sampah plastik di daerah belum produktif karena kebijakan terkait di berbagai tingkatan pemerintahan belum sinergi. Pemerintah, baik pusat dan daerah menunjukkan indikasi perbaikan kebijakan pengelolaan sampah. Sejalan dengan itu, pemerintah pusat disarankan untuk mengambil langkah-langkah sebagai berikut; melakukan sinergi dan koordinasi lintas kementerian; integrasi kebijakan riset teknologi; optimalisasi rapat koordinasi teknis antara Kemendagri dengan K/L terkait; koordinasi dengan Kementerian Desa untuk membuka alternatif pembiayaan pengelolaan sampah melalui dana desa; akselerasi kebijakan tipping fee bagi pemerintah daerah; instruksi PKK di daerah untuk mendukung kebijakan pengurangan sampah plastik berbasis masyarakat.


2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Ling Chen ◽  
Tapan Kumar Nath ◽  
Siewhui Chong ◽  
Vernon Foo ◽  
Chris Gibbins ◽  
...  

AbstractPlastic waste is one of the world’s most pressing human health and environmental concerns. Plastic constitutes the third highest waste source globally, with the total volume of plastic waste growing in-line with increases in the global population and per capita consumption. Malaysia is tracking global trends in both the overall generation of plastic waste and the consumption of single-use plastics and since 2017 has been the world’s largest importer of plastic waste. These elements create a number of major challenges for the country’s waste management system. This review outlines the current state of plastic waste production and management in Malaysia, including options for landfill, recycling and incineration. It presents information on the scale and both the human and ecological risks of plastic waste in the country (i.e. microplastics, landfill, incineration), outlines key plastic waste management policy initiatives (including plastics alternatives such as biodegradable plastics) and highlights key constraints on the success of these. Significant internal constraints stem from the inconsistent application of policy initiatives by state governments, in addition to the lack of public awareness and interest in household recycling. The paper closes by discussing options for and constraints on the switch to biodegradable alternatives and proposes a model of plastic management based on a circular economy approach and solid waste management hierarchy. Success in reducing the problems posed by plastic in Malaysia will require sustained effort at many levels, but positive experiences in other countries give some cause for optimism.


2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 3517
Author(s):  
Lien Thi Kim Trinh ◽  
Allen H. Hu ◽  
Song Toan Pham Phu

Municipal solid waste management is an environmental issue that has received considerable attention from researchers and environmental managers for decades. Supporting the management programs entail policies and regulations related to municipal solid waste. In developed countries, the implementation of environmental policies plays an important role and has a substantial impact on the effectiveness of solid waste management. However, in many developing countries such as Vietnam, the situation and effectiveness of the policy implementation have not been studied extensively. This investigation is conducted to ascertain the situation, limitations, and challenges in implementing solid waste management policy in Vietnam. Then, solutions for the problems and improvements for implementation efficiency are presented. This work used online questionnaires to survey environmental managers in different localities and applied qualitative research method to analyze data. The results show that not all national policies on solid waste management are implemented in all localities. Waste separation is also the foremost concern in municipal waste management in most localities of Vietnam. Most of the localities claimed that the unrealistic nature and difficult implementation of the policies and the lack of needed resources are the main limitations and challenges in Vietnam. Survey results also revealed that different localities in Vietnam have different solutions to increase policy implementation efficiency. Besides, the study also found similarities in the implementation of policies in solid waste management between Vietnam and some other countries and also gathered some valuable lessons for the improvement strategy. Finally, the implementation of an effective domestic solid waste management policy is an important platform for improving environmental quality and ensuring the sustainable development of the nation and mankind.


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