scholarly journals Will machines ever think like humans?

Ubiquity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (June) ◽  
pp. 1-26
Author(s):  
Jeff Riley
Keyword(s):  
Human Brain ◽  
Human Intelligence ◽  
Computer Scientists

What is "human intelligence?" What is thinking? What does it mean to "think like a human?" Is it possible for machines to display human intelligence, to think like humans? This article explores these questions, and gives a brief overview of some important features of the human brain, and how computer scientists are trying to simulate those features and their ability to "think." The article answers some questions, but asks more---finishing with questions for readers to consider.

scholarly journals Beyond artificial intelligence: exploring artificial wisdom

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (8) ◽  
pp. 993-1001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dilip V. Jeste ◽  
Sarah A. Graham ◽  
Tanya T. Nguyen ◽  
Colin A. Depp ◽  
Ellen E. Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Human Intelligence ◽  
Developmental Models ◽  
Ethical Behaviors ◽  
Computer Scientists ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Artificial Wisdom ◽  
Health Experts

ABSTRACTBackground:The ultimate goal of artificial intelligence (AI) is to develop technologies that are best able to serve humanity. This will require advancements that go beyond the basic components of general intelligence. The term “intelligence” does not best represent the technological needs of advancing society, because it is “wisdom”, rather than intelligence, that is associated with greater well-being, happiness, health, and perhaps even longevity of the individual and the society. Thus, the future need in technology is for artificial wisdom (AW).Methods:We examine the constructs of human intelligence and human wisdom in terms of their basic components, neurobiology, and relationship to aging, based on published empirical literature. We review the development of AI as inspired and driven by the model of human intelligence, and consider possible governing principles for AW that would enable humans to develop computers which can operationally utilize wise principles and result in wise acts. We review relevant examples of current efforts to develop such wise technologies.Results:AW systems will be based on developmental models of the neurobiology of human wisdom. These AW systems need to be able to a) learn from experience and self-correct; b) exhibit compassionate, unbiased, and ethical behaviors; and c) discern human emotions and help the human users to regulate their emotions and make wise decisions.Conclusions:A close collaboration among computer scientists, neuroscientists, mental health experts, and ethicists is necessary for developing AW technologies, which will emulate the qualities of wise humans and thus serve the greatest benefit to humanity. Just as human intelligence and AI have helped further the understanding and usefulness of each other, human wisdom and AW can aid in promoting each other’s growth

scholarly journals Research on How Human Intelligence, Consciousness, and Cognitive Computing Affect the Development of Artificial Intelligence

Complexity ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Yanyan Dong ◽  
Jie Hou ◽  
Ning Zhang ◽  
Maocong Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Human Brain ◽  
Tacit Knowledge ◽  
Brain Computer Interface ◽  
Computer Interface ◽  
Human Intelligence ◽  
Cognitive Computing ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Intelligent Machines ◽  
Value Rationality

Artificial intelligence (AI) is essentially the simulation of human intelligence. Today’s AI can only simulate, replace, extend, or expand part of human intelligence. In the future, the research and development of cutting-edge technologies such as brain-computer interface (BCI) together with the development of the human brain will eventually usher in a strong AI era, when AI can simulate and replace human’s imagination, emotion, intuition, potential, tacit knowledge, and other kinds of personalized intelligence. Breakthroughs in algorithms represented by cognitive computing promote the continuous penetration of AI into fields such as education, commerce, and medical treatment to build up AI service space. As to human concern, namely, who controls whom between humankind and intelligent machines, the answer is that AI can only become a service provider for human beings, demonstrating the value rationality of following ethics.

scholarly journals The Human Intelligence vs. Artificial Intelligence: Issues and Challenges in Computer Assisted Language Learning

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 259
Author(s):  
Mohammed Ali
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Machine Learning ◽  
Human Brain ◽  
Language Learning ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Human Intelligence ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Learning Programs ◽  
Face Detection And Recognition ◽  
Learning Software

In this study, the researcher has advocated the importance of human intelligence in language learning since software or any Learning Management System (LMS) cannot be programmed to understand the human context as well as all the linguistic structures contextually. This study examined the extent to which language learning is perilous to machine learning and its programs such as Artificial Intelligence (AI), Pattern Recognition, and Image Analysis used in much assistive learning techniques such as voice detection, face detection and recognition, personalized assistants, besides language learning programs. The researchers argue that language learning is closely associated with human intelligence, human neural networks and no computers or software can claim to replace or replicate those functions of human brain. This study thus posed a challenge to natural language processing (NLP) techniques that claimed having taught a computer how to understand the way humans learn, to understand text without any clue or calculation, to realize the ambiguity in human languages in terms of the juxtaposition between the context and the meaning, and also to automate the language learning process between computers and humans. The study cites evidence of deficiencies in such machine learning software and gadgets to prove that in spite of all technological advancements there remain areas of human brain and human intelligence where a computer or its software cannot enter. These deficiencies highlight the limitations of AI and super intelligence systems of machines to prove that human intelligence would always remain superior.

Self-Learning System for Child Development Using Conversational AI and Natural Language Processing (NLP)

2021 ◽  
pp. 124-133
Author(s):  
Amit Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Natural Language Processing ◽  
Child Development ◽  
Human Brain ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Continuous Process ◽  
Learning System ◽  
Computer Scientists ◽  
Amount Of Knowledge ◽  
Self Learning

Education and learning are the most important aspects of the evolution of societies. They have been a favorite subject for philosophers and psychologists to work upon. Same questions are now being re-dealt by computer scientists in current scenarios. Although evolution is a continuous process, the pace of evolution is not a linear graph. Children acquire a huge amount of knowledge with very little input from teachers, friends, parents, and surroundings. Understanding how human brain works and more precisely, how the child brain actually functions is opening the path of researches in artificial intelligence (AI).

scholarly journals Whales: Their Emerging Right to Life

1991 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-62
Author(s):  
Anthony D’Amato ◽  
Sudhir K. Chopra
Keyword(s):  
Human Brain ◽  
Science Fiction ◽  
Outer Space ◽  
Human Intelligence ◽  
Right To Life ◽  
Interspecies Communication ◽  
Creative Processes ◽  
Language And Culture ◽  
Basic Assumptions ◽  
Life On Earth

Writers of science fiction have often speculated about what it would be like to discover, on a planet in outer space, a much higher form of intelligence. How would we react to those creatures? Would we be so fearful of them that we would try to kill them? Or would we welcome the opportunity to attempt to understand their language and culture? Stranger than fiction is the fact that there already exists a species of animal life on earth that scientists speculate has higher than human intelligence. The whale has a brain that in some instances is six times bigger than the human brain and its neocortex is more convoluted. Discussing the creative processes of whales, Dr. John Lilly says that a researcher “is struck with the fact that one’s current basic assumptions and even one’s current expectations determine, within certain limits, the results attained with a particular animal at that particular time.” Whales speak to other whales in a language that appears to include abstruse mathematical poetry. They have also developed interspecies communication with dolphins. Whales are the most specialized of all mammals.

Artificial Intelligence

2020 ◽  
pp. 48-69
Author(s):  
Daeyeol Lee
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Human Brain ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Human Intelligence ◽  
Intelligent Robots ◽  
Artificial Intelligence Technology ◽  
Functional Units ◽  
Human Brains ◽  
Digital Computers

Compared to the human brain, current artificial intelligence technology is limited in that its goals are determined by human developers and users. Similarly, despite their superficial similarities, modern-day computers and human brains have many differences. Building blocks of human brain that are functionally equivalent to transistors, functional units of digital computers, have not been identified, and we do not know whether hardware and software are separable in the human brain. This chapter uses Mars rovers as a case study to illustrate the autonomy of intelligent robots, because machines dependent on human intelligence is not genuinely intelligent.

scholarly journals What Behavioral Abilities Emerged at Key Milestones in Human Brain Evolution? 13 Hypotheses on the 600-Million-Year Phylogenetic History of Human Intelligence

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Max S. Bennett
Keyword(s):  
Theory Of Mind ◽  
Human Brain ◽  
Comparative Psychology ◽  
Brain Evolution ◽  
Human Intelligence ◽  
Human Brain Evolution ◽  
Cognitive Faculties ◽  
History Of ◽  
Evolutionary Neuroscience ◽  
Shed Light

This paper presents 13 hypotheses regarding the specific behavioral abilities that emerged at key milestones during the 600-million-year phylogenetic history from early bilaterians to extant humans. The behavioral, intellectual, and cognitive faculties of humans are complex and varied: we have abilities as diverse as map-based navigation, theory of mind, counterfactual learning, episodic memory, and language. But these faculties, which emerge from the complex human brain, are likely to have evolved from simpler prototypes in the simpler brains of our ancestors. Understanding the order in which behavioral abilities evolved can shed light on how and why our brains evolved. To propose these hypotheses, I review the available data from comparative psychology and evolutionary neuroscience.

FUZZY INTERPRETATION OF HUMAN INTELLIGENCE

1999 ◽  
Vol 07 (04) ◽  
pp. 407-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
SAEED BAGHERI SHOURAKI ◽  
NAKAJI HONDA ◽  
GO YUASA
Keyword(s):  
Human Brain ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Goal Function ◽  
Human Intelligence ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Fuzzy Method ◽  
Brain Simulation ◽  
Learning Procedure ◽  
Computer Structure

In this paper, introducing a new hardware concept which has the ability of FUZZY computation in a non-exact naturally FUZZY method, outlines of human brain simulation in hardware level will be presented. It will be shown that a soft computer may be implemented by using unique hardware structures for processor and memory units. Considering the learning procedure of human being and simulating it, using the introduced soft computer, a total energy decreasing trend will be observed in the soft computer structure. The generalization of this trend will be regarded as an equivalent concept for human intelligence. Therefore, complicated concepts such as human intelligence and also imagination and inference procedures may appear as natural abilities of the proposed soft computer. It also will be shown, when starting with observing a phenomenon, the whole procedure, from modeling to controller designing, including the recognition of goal function and effective inputs, may be done automatically and in an intelligent way.

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